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The objective of this work is to examine the enhancement of thermal energy transfer in Ellis THNF (tetra hybrid nanofluid) flow with magnetic dipole permits on a vertical surface. Using the Xue thermal conductivity model, the THNF (tetra hybrid nanofluid) is organized according to the diffusion of TNPs (tetra nanoparticles) (Mgo, Cu, Ag, and TiO2)in the engine oil liquid. The flow, mass and heat transportation have been observed in the occurrence of the Marangoni convection impact and CattaneoChristove mass and heat flux model. In biomedical engineering, the model can also be used for targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia treatment, where precise temperature and fluid flow control are essential. Gradient-driven surface tension in order to enhance the possibility for enhancing surface-driven flows in microfluidic devices and material processing techniques, such as welding and crystal formation, where regulated mass transport and consistent temperature distribution are crucial, Marangoni convection is included. Using the Bvp4c, the obtained dimensionless equations are mathematically resolved. It is found that a magnetic dipole significantly increases the generation of the thermal energy field and exhibits an opposing trend with respect to the flow profile. The addition Marangoni convection factor increases the velocity distribution while decline the solutal and thermal distribution. The heat transfer rate is increased by 19.71% for the tetra hybrid nanofluid and 13.43% for the trihybrid nanofluid when the nanoparticles volume fraction is improved from 0.01 to 0.04.

In the present research work, the influence of heat input rates on microstructures, hot tensile properties, and weld surface hardness number of Super Duplex Stainless Steel 2507 super duplex steels and austenitic steels 316L plates were investigated. Pulsed current and constant current modes were used in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding to join the dissimilar metals using ER2205 as filler. Microstructural studies were revealed at different zones of pulsed and constant current TIG weldments using optical microscopy. The tensile test was conducted at two different temperature conditions (i.e., 27 and 350°C) to investigate the strength of dissimilar weldments. Hardness measurements were made on the weld surface along the transverse direction using Vicker’s hardness tester. The microstructures revealed the formation of inter-granular austenite at the fusion zone with grain boundaries with austenite structures. Due to the constant heat input, a significant microstructural development with high austenite fractions was observed in constant current (CC)-TIG weldment. In comparison to CC-TIG weldments (UTS at 27°C = 600 MPa UTS at 350°C = 456 MPa), higher tensile characteristics were noted in Pulsed Current (PC)-TIG weldments (UTS at 27°C = 695 MPa UTS at 350°C = 475 MPa). The UTS of PC-TIG weldment is improved by 15.8% when compared to CC-TIG weldment due to the controlled heat input rates. PC-TIG weldments exhibited improved hardness numbers in various zones with smaller HAZ widths than CC-TIG weldments.

The objective of this study is to assess the flow behavior of the peristalsis mechanism of a couple stress fluid in incorporating a porous material. In addition, reaction mechanism and Ohmic heating are also taken into consideration with slip boundary conditions. For the purposes of mathematical simulation, we assume a long-wavelength approximation, ignoring the wave number and taking a low Reynolds number into account. The obtained outcome is shown in a graphical manner and then analyzed. The results of this investigation reveal that when the Hartmann number improves, the pattern of velocity noticeably decelerates. The Lorentz forces have a retarding impact on the velocity of the fluid from a physical standpoint. As the couple stress variable rises, so does the velocity of the fluid. As the couple stress component increases, the skin friction coefficient increases in one region of the fluid channel and falls in another region, between x = 0.5 and x = 1. As the thermal slip variable rises, more heat is transferred through the surface to the fluid, resulting in a rise in the temperature profile. When the couple stress variable is raised, the Nusselt number rises, while the thermal radiation factor causes the Nusselt number to decline. The results showed a positive relationship between the Sherwood number and the reaction mechanism parameter. This study demonstrates the potential use of this research in the fields of a career in engineering, namely, in enhancing hydraulic systems, as well as in medicine, particularly in optimizing gastrointestinal processes. The process of dissection facilitates the unimpeded circulation of blood and lymph inside the vascular system of the body, enabling the delivery of oxygen to tissues and the elimination of waste materials.

The Marangoni convective phenomena have a unique impact on industries and medical tools. These phenomena are more prominent in the presence of dual nanoparticles (NPs) over base fluids such as blood that are surrounded by a thin interfacial nanolayer, an important feature to control the physical and thermal properties of the NP. In this problem, we have analysed the thermo-solutal Marangoni convective Darcy-Forchheimer flow of nanomaterials with the impact of the interfacial nanolayer. The results of the system of an exponential heat source, non-linear radiation, joule heating, and activation energy are discussed. An appropriate transition is applied to rationalise the substantially paired and nonlinear governing equations and then processed by the Galerkin finite element method (G-FEM). The impression of different governing parameters on the governing systems in conjunction with entropy and Bejan number is demonstrated through graphical and tabular form. Graphs are drawn with an evaluation of general and hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) and different nanolayer thicknesses of NPs. Activation energy and chemical reaction parameters restrict the Sherwood number, and the same is observed for the Nusselt number with an increase in the Brinkman and Eckert numbers. The thickness of the interfacial nanolayer of the NPs restricts the entropy generation of the system, while the entropy is higher for the HNF than the nanofluid. An opposite feature was observed for the Bejan number.

In today’s era of rapid technological development, there is an increasing requirement for high-functioning investiture solutions, working liquids and materials that can satisfy the benchmarks of energy efficacy. Specifically, within the domain of heat transference-based industries, an essential challenge is to fabricate a cooling medium that can effectually cope with dissipation of substantial heat flux engendered by high-energy utilizations. At present, nanoliquids are extensively deliberated as some of the most promising aspirants for such effectual cooling mediums. The current investigation features hybrid nanoliquid flow adjacent to magnetized non-isothermal incompressible sphere. Rheological expressions representing micropolar liquid are accounted for flow formulation. The rheological analysis is developed using the boundary-layer concept. Buoyancy impact is accounted for heat transference analysis. Nanoparticles with distinct shapes are considered. The developed nonlinear systems are computed numerically and non-similar simulations are performed.

The heat transfer phenomenon associated with the lubricated surfaces offers applications in the manufacturing processes, thermal systems, industrial systems, and engineering phenomenon. It is a well-established fact that improvement in heat transfer is recently successfully claimed with the interaction of nanoparticles. Following such motivation in mind, the prime objective of current continuation is to perform the prediction of heat transfer in second-grade material subject to the lubricated surface. The lubricants are filled with non-Newtonian power law material. The varying thickness of the thin lubricating layer permits an imperfect slip surface. The second-grade fluid interfaces with the boundary condition. The modified semi-analytical tool termed as hybrid homotopy scheme is used to perform the simulations. Shooting and homotopy methods are combined in this new approach. Relevant effects of parameters on physical phenomenon are explained. The importance of influencing parameters in relation to the velocity field, temperature, and concentration profiles is investigated graphically. It is claimed that analytical computations existed for shear thinning case. It is observed that there is a noticeable drop in concentration and thermal profiles due to the variation of viscoelastic parameter. The control of free stream velocity is claimed due to the interaction of slip parameters.

The impact of variable thermal conductivity plays a key role in the analysis of fluid mechanics. The applications of liquid are significant in nuclear reactors, automobiles, technical and manufacturing industry, electronic appliances, and so on. The novelty of this analysis is to exhibited the variable thermal conductivity in motion of Casson liquid via porous stretching sheet. In energy equation is consider thermal radiation and heat generation. Rosseland approximation plays a key role in the current work. Under the liquid motion assumptions, BL approximation is applied on numerical model and developed partial differential equations (PDE). The similarity transportation variable is taken by transporting PDE’s to ordinary differential equations. Numerical model is explored with the help of fourth-order boundary value problem with R–K–F procedure via shooting technique. The main key points noticed are: the heat transfer rate is more effective in the presence of heat generation than that in the absence of heat generation parameter. The temperature is enhanced in presence of variable thermal radiation while comparing absence of variable thermal radiation for large numerical values of Biot Number.

The research suggests an approach that prioritizes customer needs and aims to reduce energy expenses while safeguarding customer privacy. Furthermore, it is recommended that smart homes incorporate a home energy management system to optimize appliance energy consumption. Conversely, the introduction of demand-side management addresses the energy management challenges faced by smart households. The main goal of this approach is to decrease energy usage and electricity costs for customers. Moreover, it enhances user satisfaction while waiting at common intervals. The primary emphasis of this study is on a smart residence furnished with energy management technology and smart home gadgets capable of supplying electricity to the grid. These objectives are considered distinct aspects in the multi-objective optimization issue stemming from this approach. The study utilizes the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) to optimize battery and home appliance scheduling in smart homes with flexible devices. The goal is to reduce the overall cost of microgrid systems through demand-side management implementation. This comparison highlights the superiority of the proposed method in optimizing energy consumption and reducing carbon emissions in a variety of scenarios. By achieving lower energy costs and carbon emissions while maintaining a comfortable indoor environment, the proposed method proves to be a highly effective and sustainable solution for energy management in buildings. These simulation results provide strong evidence of the method’s potential to significantly impact energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in real-world applications. Furthermore, the consistent minimization of the discomfort index showcases the method’s ability to prioritize occupant comfort while still achieving significant energy savings and emissions reductions. Overall, the comparison with other algorithms solidifies the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method in addressing the complex challenges of energy management and sustainability in smart homes.

A new group of halides AgXF3 (X = Cr, Zr) compounds having perovskite structures were studied via the first principle approach supported on DFT, coded within WEIN2K and their properties were extensively investigated. Both AgCrF3 and AgZrF3 materials were confirmed to have the stability in the cubic structures because of having the Gold-Schmidt tolerance factor values in the range of stability. The band-gap information of all these materials were gathered by using the method of the modified Becke-Johnson potential. The metallic nature was found for the studied materials. The material AgCrF3 showed the greater tendency to restrain both the alteration in shape as well as in volume. Both AgXF3 and AgXF3 materials the showed nature of ductility, which was confirmed from both the Poisson's ratio and Pugh's ratio calculations and also the ionic nature of bonding was detected for all the studied materials. Moreover, the high optical reflectivity for both compounds are found. The obtained metallic nature and high optical reflectivity make them appropriate for electrode material and reflective coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allen Cahn (AC) equation is highly nonlinear due to the presence of cubic term and also very stiff; therefore, it is not easy to find its exact analytical solution in the closed form. In the present work, an approximate analytical solution of the AC equation has been investigated. Here, we used the variational iteration method (VIM) to find approximate analytical solution for AC equation. The obtained results are compared with the hyperbolic function solution and traveling wave solution. Results are also compared with the numerical solution obtained by using the finite difference method (FDM). Absolute error analysis tables are used to validate the series solution. A convergent series solution obtained by VIM is found to be in a good agreement with the analytical and numerical solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe heat transfer analysis in electro osmotic flow of nanofluid is studied through the complex wavy channel under the consideration of joule heat and thermal radiation effects. The Ellis fluid is considered a base fluid and gold particles are suspended in them. The complex system of equations is converted to dimensionless form with the help of dimensionless transformation and parameters. The concepts of longer wavelength and lower Reynolds number are utilized to simplify the problem and obtain the exact solution of velocity and temperature distribution by using the built-in command DSolve in the mathematical software MATHEMATICA 13.3. The graphs are plotted with the same software to check the effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature, heat transfer rate, and streamlines with the following range of parameters −5≤UHS≤5, 0≤β≤5, 0≤α≤3, 0

AbstractThe current work is focused on the analysis of heat and mass transfer in a magnetohydrodynamics Jeffrey nanofluid flows across a vertical plate because of these possible uses. Free convection, magnetic effect, and thermo-diffusion properties are all applied to the flow considered here. The modeling also takes into account the passive and active control of the Jeffrey nanofluid. The constant proportional Caputo fractional operator which was recently introduced is used in this work together with generalized Fick’s and Fourier’s law. Using suitable nondimensional variables, ordinary differential equations are obtained from the modeling equations, and the Laplace transform method is used to solve these modeled equations. The concentration and temperature profiles are rising functions of the fractional and thermophoresis parameters, and they drop more quickly as the values of the Schmidt, Prandtl, and Nb (Brownian motion parameters) rise. The constant proportional Caputo (CPC) fractional derivative is the best choice for achieving more stable concentration, temperature, and velocity than conventional fields. Raising the values of α will increase the rate of heat transfer and skin friction coefficient. Additionally, as compared to the classical model, the constant proportional Caputo derivative model shows more decay nature. Consequently, compared to the classical model, the constant proportional Caputo differential model has a superior memory function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractFractional order derivatives are often regarded as extremely complex mathematical instruments that may be used to find practical solutions in numerous fields of engineering and science. This article examined the non-linear Casson fluid fractional order model because of the widespread use of fractional derivatives. In the different physical situations of mass transfer, the temperature gradient force affects the mass flux. In this situation, lightweight molecules move to the region of higher temperature, and heavy molecules move to the region of lower temperature. The governing equations in the equations of the present flow model are partial differential equations (PDEs), where the temperature, velocity, and concentration distributions are calculated numerically using the Crank–Nicolson method. Furthermore, the graphs of the field of interest are used to illustrate the physical characteristics of material parameters and flow parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe stretching surface flow phenomenon plays novel significance in the differential industrial sectors like manufacturing processes, food processing, polymers, petroleum engineering, glass fiber production, metal spinning, and many others. This research focuses on investigating the flow of electroosmotic-driven transport of magnetic Casson fluid over an exponential stretching sheet. The study employs mathematical modeling based on partial differential equations which are further truncated into ordinary system under the implementation of dimensionless variables. The quartic B-spline method is applied for obtaining solutions. Key findings indicate that electroosmotic and Helmholtz–Smoluchowski effects enhance fluid velocity, while magnetic forces reduce velocity. Additionally, an increase in the Hartmann parameter leads to a decrease in the skin friction coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the physical behavior of SrMO 3 (M = Hf and Pt) compounds, which are strontium-based oxide perovskites. We utilized the WIEN2k software to simulate and investigate their physical properties. The structural stability of SrHfO 3 and SrPtO 3 was verified using the Birch-Murnaghan equation of states for optimization. We also checked the elastic stability through the computation of elastic constants using the IRelast software. Our results indicate the stability of these compounds and showed their anisotropic, ductility, scratch-resistive, and plastic strain-resistant characteristics. Using the TB-mBJ potential approach, we determined that SrHfO 3 is an insulator, whereas SrPtO 3 is a metal in nature. The density of states computations was used to find the band structure as well as the contribution of different electronic states. Optical property research was conducted using the band gap energies of these substances. Our findings suggest that these crystals have low energy absorption and reflectivity of up to 65%, making them suitable for use in high-frequency UV devices. Specifically, SrHfO 3 is more transparent before the energy point 2.80 eV, while the compound SrPtO 3 after 6.50 eV to 12.0 eV and SrHfO 3 from 12.0 and 14.0 eV. This study represents the first DFT-based investigation of these discussed crystals according to the best of our knowledge., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)