Search

The abilities of Ni-Si52, Ni-SiNT(6, 0), Ni-C52, Ni-B26N26, Ni-CNT (6, 0) and Ni-BNNT (6, 0) as catalyst of CO2-RR to CH4 are compared. The Eadoption and Eformation of Ni-Si52, Ni-SiNT(6, 0), Ni-C52, Ni-B26N26, Ni-CNT (6, 0) and Ni-BNNT (6, 0) are stable parameters. The Eadoption of CO2-RR on Ni-Si52, Ni-SiNT(6, 0), Ni-C52, Ni-B26N26, Ni-CNT (6, 0) and Ni-BNNT (6, 0) are − 3.34, -3.47, -5.42, -3.81, -3.99 and − 5.89 eV. The HCOOH, CO, HCOH, CH3OH and CH4 adsorption as important products for CO2-RR on Ni doped nanotubes an nanocages are examined. The Eformation of CO2-RR on Ni-Si52, Ni-SiNT(6, 0), Ni-C52, Ni-B26N26, Ni-CNT (6, 0) and Ni-BNNT (6, 0) are − 4.27, -4.39, -4.51, -4.87, -5.02 and − 4.92 eV. The CO2-RR mechanisms on Ni doped nanotubes and nanocages are examined. The overpotential of CO2-RR on Ni-Si52, Ni-SiNT(6, 0), Ni-C52, Ni-B26N26, Ni-CNT (6, 0) and Ni-BNNT (6, 0) are 0.338, 0.327, 0.331, 0.304, 0.295 and 0.296 V. The Overpotential of CO2-RR on Ni-C52, Ni-B26N26, Ni-CNT (6, 0) and Ni-BNNT (6, 0) are lower than metal catalysts. The Ni-Si52, Ni-SiNT(6, 0), Ni-C52, Ni-B26N26, Ni-CNT (6, 0) and Ni-BNNT (6, 0) is processed the CO2-RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, Ti2SnC powder was directly fabricated by high-temperature ball milling with Sn, Ti, and graphite as reactants and was compared with Ti2SnC formation by mechanical alloying and thermal treatment. Phase changes and microstructure of powder samples during milling and thermal treatment were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and transition electron microscopy. Results presented that TiC, Ti6Sn5, and Ti5Sn3 formed after 40 h of traditional milling, and finally, Ti2SnC with some impurities like TiC formed after thermal treatment. Because of the high-temperature ball milling, Ti5Sn3 and TiC were formed after 5 h of milling. When milling time reached 10 h, TiC and Ti5Sn3 reacted together and Ti2SnC was formed. According to the present work, the Ti2SnC formed at a lower temperature and time of milling in comparison to conventional mechanical alloying and heat treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic activity of Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 for HCHO oxidation to CO2 are investigated. The ∆Gformation values of Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 are -5.05, -5.28, -5.46, -5.70, -6.03 and -6.52 eV. The ∆Gadoption values of Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 are -4.40, -4.60, -4.76, -4.97, -5.26 and -5.68 eV. The catalytic activity of Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 are higher than metal catalysts. The ∆Greaction of formaldehyde (CH2O) oxidation on Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 by studied pathways are more negative than metal catalysts. The ∆Gadsorption values of CO2 on Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 are -1.08, -1.19, -1.32, -1.45, -1.61 and -1.78 eV. The ∆Greaction values of step 7 on Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 are 0.25, 0.28, 0.32, 0.36, 0.41 and 0.47 eV. The ∆Eactivation of formaldehyde (CH2O) oxidation on Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 by studied pathways are lower than metal catalysts. The Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 can oxidize HCHO. The catalytic activity of Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 for HCHO oxidation to CO2 are investigated. The catalytic activity of Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 are higher than metal catalysts. The ∆Greaction of formaldehyde (CH2O) oxidation on Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 by studied pathways are more negative than metal catalysts. The ∆Eactivation of formaldehyde (CH2O) oxidation on Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 by studied pathways are lower than metal catalysts. The Fe-Si46, Zn-C46, Zn-Ge46, Cu-Si76, Co-C76 and Co-B38N38 can oxidize HCHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic abilities of Ni-C50, Ni-Si50, Fe-C72, Fe-Al36N36, Cu-C82 and Cu-B41P41 nanocages for oxidation of HCHO through acceptable mechanisms are investigated by B3LYP functional and cc-pVQZ basis set. The HCOO → HCO and HCHO → HHCOO steps are rate-limiting steps for HCHO oxidation on Ni-C50, Ni-Si50, Fe-C72, Fe-Al36N36, Cu-C82 and Cu-B41P41 nanocages. Results shown that all calculated ∆Greaction for HCHO oxidation to CO2 on Ni-C50, Ni-Si50, Fe-C72, Fe-Al36N36, Cu-C82 and Cu-B41P41 nanocages are negative. The HCO + O + OH → HCOO + OH and HCOO + OH → CO2 + H + OH reaction steps through Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism have very high Eactivation values on Ni-C50, Ni-Si50, Fe-C72, Fe-Al36N36, Cu-C82 and Cu-B41P41 nanocages. The catalytic activity of Ni, Fe and Cu doped nanocages for HCHO oxidation are higher than metal catalysts. The Ni-Si50, Fe-Al36N36 and Cu-B41P41 nanocages can catalyze the HCHO oxidation to produce CO2 by possible mechanisms and high performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eutrophication caused by high nitrate levels in surface and subsurface water bodies is a major ecological concern. This process leads to the proliferation of algae and aquatic plants, which results in a reduction of dissolved oxygen and harm to aquatic organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to explore effective methods to remove nitrate ions from wastewater. In this study, the efficacy of Sargassum polycystum macroalgae as a biosorbent for nitrate ion removal was examined. The experiment investigated the impact of pH variations, initial biomass of S. polycystum algae, initial concentration of nitrate ions (50-300 mg L -1 ), and contact duration on the nitrate removal process. The dried powder of S. polycystum algae was used in the experiment. The findings indicate that the seaweed S. polycystum has a high capacity to absorb nitrate ions from wastewater, with a maximum absorption capacity of 545.70 mg g -1 of seaweed. The optimal test conditions for nitrate removal were found to be pH of 6, initial biomass of 0.02 g L -1, initial concentration of 300 mg L -1 nitrate ions, and contact duration of 60 minutes. Under these conditions, the nitrate removal rate was 52.8%. The results of this study suggest that S. polycystum macroalgae has a high potential for removing nitrate ions from wastewater. Overall, the use of S. polycystum as a biosorbent for nitrate removal can offer a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and efficient solution for mitigating eutrophication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies suggest that individuals who underwent noncurative endoscopic resection for gastric cancer may require additional surgery. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the risk of lymph node metastasis in these cases. Methods: We comprehensively examined relevant literature by extensively reviewing electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Subsequently, we analyzed clinicopathological outcomes and calculated pooled odds ratios and 95 percent confidence intervals using diverse effects models. Results: This analysis included 12 papers with 4808 individuals who underwent additional surgery after noncurative endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer. The results indicated significant associations between lymph node metastasis and submucosal invasion (Odd ratio 2.04, 95% (CI): 1.58-2.63, I 2 = 88.7%; p<0.001), vertical margin (Odd ratio 6.11, 95% (CI): 1.94-19.23, I 2 = 0%; p<0.001), lymphatic invasion (Odd ratio 10.02, 95% (CI): 7.57-13.27, I 2 = 92%; p<0.000), and vascular invasion (Odd ratio 7.11, 95% (CI): 5.49-9.22, I 2=92%; p<0.000). Conclusion: When choosing factors for surgical treatment, it is essential to thoroughly consider the invasion of lymph nodes, vascular system, submucosa, and positive vertical margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as TiO2 NPs, have been extensively researched for their potential use in aquaculture. One of the main uses of TiO2 NPs in aquaculture is as a natural water purifier. TiO2 has photocatalytic properties that make it highly effective in breaking down organic pollutants and toxic substances in water. Additionally, TiO2 NPs have been used to improve the efficiency of aquaculture feed. However, it is important to note that while the use of TiO2 NPs in aquaculture holds promise, there are also some concerns about their safety and environmental impact. Therefore, in this study, we sought to ascertain whether penicillamine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), two compounds used in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning and whose efficacy has been demonstrated in both warm-blooded animals and humans, may lessen the toxicity of TiO2 NPs in Nile tilapia. In this study, 280 Nile tilapia fries (3.20±0.12 g) were split into four treatments over the course of three replications. Following that, the OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals was used to evaluate and compare the acute toxicity of TiO2 NPs. In all stages of toxicity determination, the data demonstrated that the toxicity of TiO2 NPs in the control treatment was significantly higher than that of the treatments given penicillamine and EDTA. Finally, the efficiency of penicillamine is more than that of EDTA, and both of these drugs can be used orally to prevent and treat seafood poisoning caused by TiO2 NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used material in various products, including cosmetics, food additives, and medical devices. However, its small size (nanoscale) has raised concerns about its potential impacts on human health and the environment. One area of concern is the effect of nanosized TiO2 on the female reproductive system, particularly the ovaries. The purpose of this study is to look at how isoniazid-treated NMRI mice’s ovarian tissue alters in response to nanosized titanium dioxide (nano- TiO2) treatment. The 50 adult female mice used in this research were split into five groups of 10 at random. The experimental groups included the control group (no medication), sham group (0.5 mg/kg of normal saline), first experimental group (45 mg/kg isoniazid), second experimental group (45 mg/kg isoniazid and 0.5 mg/kg nano-TiO2), and the third experimental group (45 mg/kg isoniazid and 0.45 mg/kg nano-TiO2). All injections were given for 20 days. After that, the ovarian tissue from each animal was isolated and put in an 10% formalin solution before tissue analyses were carried out using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. In comparison to the control group, there was a reduction in the quantity of corpus luteum and secondary follicles in all experimental groups. In comparison to the first experimental group, there is a significant increase in the number of unilaminar primary follicles in the rest of the experimental groups. The damaging effects of isoniazid on ovarian tissue can be lessened by using nanoparticles in small amounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In routine physiological procedures and/or pathological conditions, the living tissues produce free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been well documented that the primarily responsible mechanism for cell damage and destruction would be the lipid peroxidation conducted by ROS. It is approved that human articular chondrocytes actively lead to significant ROS production. DNA damage and telomere shortening have been known as the most important consequences of any increase in ROS production. Therefore, the current research was designed to investigate the effect of pre- and post-osteoarthritis administration of glucosamine on induced osteoarthritis in rabbits. In this experiment, 20 adult female New Zealand white rabbits with an average weight of 2.14 ± 0.45 kg were used. Visual inspection evaluated the animals to be free of any joints and muscular disorders. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 5); Group A was ovariectomized without any treatments, while rabbits in Group B were ovariectomized, and after radiographic confirmation of OA, they were administered 75 mg kg-1 glucosamine. Rabbits in Group C were neither ovariectomized nor administered glucosamine, while rabbits in Group D were ovariectomized and administered glucosamine immediately after ovariectomy. Rabbits' gaits were scored before ovariectomy and at 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 weeks post-ovariectomy (PO). Stifle joints radiographs and blood samples were obtained at 12, 18, and 24 weeks PO. Gait assessment score (GAS) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in group A than in groups B, C, and D. Plasma concentration of TBARS was higher in groups A and B than in groups C and D, while plasma SOD decreased significantly (p < 0.05) between weeks 4 and 12 PO in all the groups. However, there were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of GSH, GPx, GST, tCHOL, TRIG, HDL, and LDL in all the groups. It was concluded that glucosamine inhibits lipid peroxidation; its prophylactic use has no significant advantage over its post-OA use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]