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A hereditary condition called beta thalassemia is defined by a decreased or nonexistent synthesis of beta-globin chains, which are a part of hemoglobin. The protein in red blood cells called hemoglobin is responsible for transporting oxygen to all of the body's tissues. Deficiencies in selenium and copper can cause a variety of health concerns, such as impaired immune system performance, heart difficulties, and anomalies in the nervous system. Objective: Assess the selenium and copper levels in patients with thalassemia to look for imbalances or deficits relative to normal limits. This can reveal information about the nutritional condition of those with thalassemia. Methods: In the research, 40 female and 40 male patients were compared to 20 female and male healthy controls who were matched for ages. Samples were collected between (July 1 - September)2023. the patients were questioned to gather information on sociodemographic factors. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) was used to determine level of selenium and copper Results: For (β-Th) female patients, selenium level was higher than that of the female control group; however, for (β-Th) male patients, selenium level was similar in the male control group. The mean serum copper level was lower in male beta thalassemia patients with β-Th than in the male control group.. The association between the individuals who were infected within and outside the city was also discovered, and the outcome comprised 63 patients from the city center and 19 patients with beta thalassemia from beyond the city. Compared to patients from the city center, patients from outside the city had higher average levels of copper and selenium. Conclusions: Serum Se and Cu might play a role in the patients with β-Th. Cu is related to many diseases, such as Wilson's disease, mineral deficiency related for (Se) to the body's muscles, and iron deficiency, so it can be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The hereditary hemoglobinopathies that include beta thalassemia (β-thalassemia) are brought on by a mutation in the beta globin gene, which results in minimally functioning hemoglobin, damaged red blood cells, and anemia. The most prevalent genetic hemoglobinopathy in the world, thalassemia affects 4.4 out of every 10,000 live births. The bulk of patients in poor nations pass away before turning 20. Method: Data was retrieved via all patient registration records from the Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital's Thalassemia Center for two genders until December 31, 2022. Objective: The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of thalassemia patients, their incidence rate, rate of change and trend in Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq, it was the first study for this region. Result: Through data processing and processing for both genders, it was found that the prevalence of thalassemia increases with population expansion. the prevalence of thalassemia in Najaf was 75.9 per 100,000 persons in 2018, rising to 94.21 in 2022 while the incidence of thalassemia in 2018 was 1.08/100,000, while the highest incidence rate was 4.33 in 2021 and lowest incidence rate was 0.12 in 2022. Conclusion: Greater knowledge of the demographics of these diseases has the potential to assist in the more effective use of health care resources, establish seminars on educating the population about the disease and reducing its progression, as well as enhancing health care planning and delivery [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease caused by the novel enveloped single-stranded RNA virus quickly declared a pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with blood group type A. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Amal specialized hospital, Al-Najaf (March 8 to March 20/2021). The study included 123 hospitalized patients (63 females and 60 males), aged between 15-95 years, diagnosed with COVID-19, tested for blood group, blood sugar, blood urea, D-dimer, and serum ferritin. Results indicated significant differences in blood sugar and D-dimer in patients with type A blood group at P>0.05. At the same time, no significant difference was found in blood urea and ferritin at P>0.05. The majority of patients showed elevated levels of blood sugar, blood urea, serum D-dimer and ferritin. COVID-19 can infect people of all ages and causes severe infection in all blood groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]