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Tapping is inherently more complex than other machining processes. The main reason for this complexity is that the chip removal process takes place in a closed environment. For this reason, in order to use the tap tools more efficiently, it is necessary to know the cutting conditions and the stresses that occur in the tool during cutting. In this study, holes of different diameters were drilled in the AISI 1050 material and threaded with M10 taps with three different geometries. Uncoated HSS and TiN coated HSS taps were used in the study. The tapping operations were carried out in dry conditions. The simulation conditions were chosen exactly the same as the experimental conditions. Stresses during tapping were analysed using the Third Wave AdvantEdge program based on the finite element method (FEM). The tapping tools were modelled by reverse engineering method and then imported in the program. In general, the coating applied to the tools positively affected the stresses on the cutting tool. Also, the stresses in tapping tools with helical were lower than in straight tools.

Background Complete blood cell (CBC) counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLR) are simple measurements that are conducted as part of routine diagnostic procedures. Objective To determine the diagnostic importance, specificity, and sensitivity of these measurements for the diagnosis of neonatal infections and in discriminating between neonatal sepsis and various other infections. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of data from a consecutive series of 232 neonatal patients admitted to Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital in Ankara for 2 years from 2016 to 2018. We included patients with a diagnosis of or clinically suspected infection, and healthy neonates were included as controls. Data included CBC counts, and bacterial culture results, considered the criterion standard for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. NLR, LMR, and PLR were calculated. We compared data using independent Student t and Mann–Whitney U tests and determined the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio (LHOR) of the characteristics for neonatal sepsis using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Results We included data from 155 neonatal patients with a diagnosis or suspicion of infection and 77 healthy neonates. NLR was significantly higher in neonates with sepsis or fever due to dehydration (P < 0.001) than in neonates with other infections or healthy neonates. LMR was significantly higher in neonates with sepsis or viral infection than in those with other infections or healthy controls (P = 0.003). In neonates with early-onset sepsis (EOS), we found cut-off values of ≥4.79 [area under curve (AUC) 0.845, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–0.93, LHOR 11.6, specificity 98.7%, sensitivity 15%] for NLR, ≥1.24 (AUC 0.295; CI 0.18–0.41, LHOR 1.02, specificity 2.6%, sensitivity 100%) for LMR, and ≥37.72 (AUC 0.268; CI 0.15–0.39, LHOR 0.86, specificity 7.8%, sensitivity 80%) for PLR. We found cut-off values of ≥4.94 (AUC 0.667; CI 0.56–0.77, LHOR 4.16, specificity 98.7%, sensitivity 5.4%) for NLR and ≥10.92 (AUC 0.384; CI 0.26–0.51, LHOR 6.24, specificity 98.7%, sensitivity 8.1%) for LMR in those with late-onset sepsis (LOS). Conclusions CBCs, NLR, LMR, and PLR may be useful for the differential diagnosis of EOS and LOS, and neonates with sepsis from those with other infection. NLR may be a useful diagnostic test to identify neonatal patients with septicemia more quickly than other commonly used diagnostic tests such as blood cultures. NLR has high specificity and LHOR, but low sensitivity.

Nowadays, attention has been dedicated towards the development of foodstuffs whose constituents are from natural sources. In this study, grape, mulberry, and carob molasses containing natural sugars were evaluated in order to replace the use of sugar syrup and artificial additives in the production of gummy candy which was prepared by varied gelatin ratios. The molasses which have similar °Brix values (78–79) presented different types and amounts of sugar components. High invert sugar with low sucrose was observed in grape and mulberry but high sucrose with low fructose and glucose appeared in carob molasses. Unlike grape and mulberry, carob based jellies had a whitish appearance possibly as a result of the crystallization due to its high sucrose/invert sugar ratio. For all parameters of TPA, carob candy with 5 g/100 g gelatin and grape candy with 10 g/100g gelatin had the lowest and highest values, respectively. Gelatin concentration dependency trend of hardness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience was determined as grape > mulberry > carob. No significant effect ( p > 0.05) on gelling temperatures (21–29 °C) but significant effect (p

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil (BEO) draws attention for its phenolic acid content which causes it to be used as a medicinal agent and food additive. However, its vulnerability to environmental and technological factors can be an obstacle to its implementation in industry and, at this point, encapsulation technology is utilized. The objective of this study was to encapsulate BEO using a spray drying technique to extend its shelf life, and to evaluate the influence of different wall material formulations on the properties of the BEO microcapsules. Gum Arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MD), and whey protein isolate (WPI) were used as wall materials and four different formulations were studied: GA, GA:WPI (1:1, w/w), GA:WPI:MD (1:1:1, w/w), and WPI:MD (1:1, w/w). The GA, GA:WPI, and GA:WPI:MD emulsions displayed shear thinning behavior (pseudoplastic, n

Bu çalışmada, farklı koşullarda pastörize edilen sütten (A: 65 °C’de 20 dak, B: 75 °C’de 5 dak ve C:85 °C’de 5 dak.) üretilen Beyaz peynirlerin dinamik reolojik, tekstür, renk ve duyusal özellikleri 7., 30., 60. ve 90. günlerde araştırılmıştır. C ve B peynirlerinin, A’dan daha yüksek elastik özellikleri, sıcaklığa bağlı kazeinin molekül içi ve moleküller arası etkileşimlerinin gelişmesine ve bu yapıdaki denatüre peynir altı suyu yüzdesinin artmasına bağlanmıştır. Depolama sırasında viskoelastik özelliği ve kompleks viskozite parametresi en fazla A peynirinin değişirken, B peynirinin daha kararlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tekstür analizindeki sertlik ve dış yapışkanlık sonuçları da B peynirinin daha dirençli protein yapısına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Farklı pastörizasyon sıcaklıklarının, renk parametreleri üzerine bir etkisi bulunmamıştır. B peynirinin Yapı-Tekstür özelliği ilk aylarda daha yüksek puan alırken, son ayda örnekler arası fark görülmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, 75 °C’de pastörize edilen sütten, viskoelastik özelliği gelişmiş bir Beyaz peynir üretilebilmekledir fakat artan sıcaklık bu karakteri azaltmaktadır.

The effect of hypothermia treatment on white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values as an indicator of inflammation was evaluated in newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The study was performed that the before-therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and after-TH WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and NLR, LMR and PLR values of the complete blood cell count were retrospectively evaluated. The results of the patient group were compared with the results of healthy newborns. A total of 78 patients who underwent TH were evaluated in our study. Mean values before and after TH were NLR3.8/2.7, LMR 5.6/8.6, and PLR 60.3/67.1 respectively. A statistical significance was present for NLR values before and after TH in those with seizure in our study (4.15±2.95/3.01±2.54) but no statistical significance was found for LMR or PLR. In neonates with HIE, effect of TH on complete blood cell count and inflammatory mechanisms (mediated neutrophil and lymphocyte) may be minimal.

This research was performed to investigate the effect of hazelnut cake (HC) as a cold press waste product on the physicochemical and textural properties of the frankfurter-type sausages during cold storage. According to the highest emulsion capacity (174.14 mL oil/g), emulsion stability (79.86%), and optimum rheological results obtained in emulsions, 1% HC concentration was selected for the utilization in the sausage formulation. HC added sausage was compared with the control sample at 4°C for 60 days of storage. HC addition increased the hardness and chewiness properties and decreased weight loss of sausages during storage. The incorporation of HC in formulation slowed down the increase in malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes concentrations after the 15th day of storage compared to the control sausages. The results demonstrated that HC presented a good opportunity for protecting the quality parameters of emulsified meat products during storage.

In the present study, a novel method was developed to determine honey adulteration. Natural sunflower honey (A), adulterated honey (B), indirectly adulterated honey obtained by feeding of bee colonies using sugar syrup (C), mixtures of them (AB and AC), and two additional natural sunflower honey samples coming from different geographical regions (D and E) were examined after seeding at different levels (1, 5, 10%, w/w) of crystallized honey. The physico-chemical property, FT-IR spectra, thermodynamic property (T-p and Delta H), flow behavior [storage (G ') and loss (G '') modulus], and microstructural changes of the samples were investigated. According to the obtained results, natural sunflower honeys showed different visco-elastic and flow behaviors from adulterated honeys. The microstructure properties were also different and more homogeneous, and faster crystallization was detected in natural honey (A). The results of this study notably show that honey adulteration can be determined by examining honey crystallization behaviors. Therefore, it is thought that the industry will benefit from this easy and simple method instead of time-consuming, expensive, and complex methods used for determining honey adulteration.

Deacetylation is a chemical modification process (DD, 0-50-100%) that was applied to purified salep glucomannan at different glycerol concentrations (G, 0-5-10%) to decrease its high hydrophilic film behavior and improve its barrier, mechanical and structural characteristics. The solubility and water vapor permeability of films were significantly reduced by deacetylation. The film mechanical parameters were decreased by 50% DD, but 100% DD increased these parameters compared with the unmodified film. The improved interactions between glucomannan chains induced by deacetylation were revealed by FTIR. SEM results indicated that acetyl-free films had a smooth and compact microstructure when treated with glycerol, but 50% DD films showed aggregation at the surface. XRD analysis showed the conformational rearrangement and improvement in the crystallinity of the films due to deacetylation. Deacetylated films possessed higher thermal stability. Overall, deacetylation provides a promising and potential approach to improve salep film performance, which can benefit its applications in the food industry.

In this study, it was aimed to improve the cutting performance of the cutting tool (drill) used in drilling which is of great importance in the industry. The study includes experimental determination of thrust force and torque occurred during drilling, and analysis of the effects of these cutting loads on cutting tool with the Deform-3D program based on finite element method (FEM). For this purpose, various drilling experiments with uncoated and TiAlN/TiN coated solid carbide drills were conducted on full solid and pre-drilled AISI 1050 samples using different cutting parameters (cutting speeds of 60, 75, 90, 108 m/min and feed rates of 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 mm/rev). Kistler 9272 type dynamometer was used to measure the thrust force and torque occurring during the drilling experiments. The stress effects of the experimentally measured thrust force and torque on the drill were analysed. In order to improve the performance of the drill, the drilling operation was simulated and the relationships between cutting parameters and stresses were investigated using the Deform3D program. The results obtained from the study will provide significant contributions to improving the cutting performance of the drill and to the selection of optimum cutting parameters. The stress analysis approach applied in the study can also be applied to other metal cutting operations such as turning and milling, and evaluations can be made regarding the design of cutting tools.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of deacetylation degrees (DD, 0-50-100%) and concentrations of glycerol (G, 0-5-10%) on the film solution rheology and physical properties of salep glucomannan film. Solution rheology experiments demonstrated that the deacetylation can be used as a tool to regulate film solution flow, its spread and also coating applications. Deacetylated salep films were produced with and without glycerol. The non-plasticized film was obtained with no cracks and bubbles. The deacetylation of purified glucomannan with the aid of glycerol significantly changed the physical properties of the film by increasing its density, opacity whereas light transmittance and moisture content were decreased due to the formation of associations between acetyl free regions of the glucomannan chains. Overall, 100% DD films with 10% glycerol demonstrated better physical characteristics. Findings suggest that deacetylation is promising chemically modification method for the production of food packaging materials.

This study was conducted to determine the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio; and to evaluate the effect of phototherapy on the peripheral blood cells in newborns with indirect hyperbilirubinemia. A total of 180 newborns consisting of 119 hyperbilirubinemic newborns, who received phototherapy; and 61 healthy newborns were included in the study. A statistically significant difference was present only between the patient group and healthy newborn white blood cell values after phototherapy. The differences found for pre-phototherapy neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio values were statistically significant, but no statistical significance was present for the values after phototherapy. These results suggest that phototherapy may have an effect on peripheral blood cells by directly decreasing both the cytokine and bilirubin levels. The decrease in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio after phototherapy could potentially be used in the evaluation of phototherapy's effect on peripheral blood cells. New studies on this subject are, therefore, required. Key Words: Newborn, Phototherapy, Inflammation, Peripheral blood cells.

Kurt, Abdullah/0000-0003-1452-3278 WOS: 000440390300016 Mushrooms are considered to be a next-generation health food due to their rich protein content with high biological value, fiber and bioactive compounds. Utilization of the protein and fiber contents of mushroom for the production of functional meat products with better emulsion characteristics was the aim of this study. Therefore, the influence of mushroom powder (MP) addition (0-3%) on the properties of a model meat emulsion was investigated. Dynamic and creep-recovery analyses were conducted to reveal the effect of MP on emulsion stability by evaluating internal structure variations. Samples with 2% MP added exhibited higher resistance to applied stress and higher gel-like behavior, complex viscosity, pseudoplastic behavior, heat resistance and emulsion strength compared with other samples. Modifications of the chemical structure of emulsions with MP included were confirmed by examination of Fourier-transform infrared spectra. The addition of 2% MP provided a higher protein adsorption at the lipid interface, resulting in a well-ordered emulsion structure. As a final product, cooked meat emulsion exhibited improvement in textural properties with the addition of 2% MP. Therefore, supplementation of emulsions with mushroom powder may help to obtain a functional product with better characteristics. Ondokuz Mayis University Research FoundationOndokuz Mayis University [PYO.MUH.1901.17.003] The authors would like to thank Ondokuz Mayis University Research Foundation (PYO.MUH.1901.17.003) for funding this project.

Kurt, Abdullah/0000-0003-1452-3278 WOS: 000402343000047 PubMed: 28504162 The aim of this study was to. investigate the effects of different extraction temperatures (25, 55 and 85 degrees C) on the structural characteristics of glucomannan (GM) purified from salep. All extraction conditions reduced protein content and molecular weight of salep. The effectiveness of removing the impurities and the highest purity of GM25 were observed with size exclusion profile. FTIR experiments demonstrated the presence of acetyl group, reduction of protein content and increment of polymer interaction of GM25. XRD patterns of GM25 with narrower and higher intensity than GM55, GM85 and native salep indicated strengthened interaction of GM25. Higher particle size was determined for GM25. The degradation peak observed with DSC increased from 293 to 314 degrees C and GM25 had the higher thermal stability which was also supported with TGA results. These results could provide widening the applications in food industry and other fields and also progressing development of salep with a better structural characteristic. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Araştırmanın amacı, Manisa Büyükşehir Belediyesindekispor politikalarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın deseni nitel araştırmayöntemlerinden olgu bilim (fenomeloji) desenidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2019yılı Mart ayı itibariyle Manisa ilinde spor yapılanması ile ilgili birimlerdeçalışan, spor konusundaki etkinlikleri düzenleyen ve organizasyonları yapanalanında uzman 5 yöneticidir. Araştırmada, veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmetekniği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Görüşmeler, ses kayıt cihazı ve not alma yöntemleri kullanılarakgerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan görüşme soruları açık uçlu sorumetoduyla oluşturulmuş ve analiz kısmında betimsel veri analizi yöntemindenyararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucu çalışma beş kategori altındatoplanmıştır. Bu kategoriler sırasıyla; belediyelerin spor politikası, sporhizmetleri, kurum ve kuruluşlarla iş birliği, spor örgüt yapısı ve tesislerdir.Araştırmanın sonucunda, Manisa Büyükşehir Belediyesinin spor politikasının,kanun ve mevzuatla sınırlandırılmış yetki ve görevler çerçevesinde sporpolitikaları olduğu görülmektedir. Bununla beraber, yerel halkı spora teşviketmek, talep ve ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak, tesis, malzeme ve ulaşım ile ilgilidestek sağladıkları görülmektedir. İldeki sporun işlerliği bakımından ise diğerkurum ve kuruluşlara koordineli olarak çalıştıkları sonucuna varılmaktadır., Purposeof this research is investigation of the sport policies in Manisa MetropolitanMunicipality. Phenomenology, which is one of the qualitative research methodswas used as research design. As of March2019, the working group of the research consists of 5 people working in thedepartments of sports structuring in Manisa, organizing activities andorganizing sports activities. In the research, the data were obtained by usingsemi-structured interview technique. Interviews conducted by using voicerecorders and note-taking methods. The interview questions which used in theresearch was formed by the open-ended question method and the content analysisand descriptive data analysis method was used in the analysis part. As a resultof the interviews with the participants; the views of the participants weregrouped under five headings. These are; sports policy of municipalities, sportsservices, cooperation with institutions and organizations, sports organizationstructure and facilities. At the end of the study, it is seen that ManisaMetropolitan Municipality’s sports policies are within the framework of powersand duties limited by law and legislation. However, it is seen thatmunicipality encourage local people for sports, meet their demands and needsfor sports, and provide support for facilities, materials and transportation.It is concluded that municipality work in coordination with other institutionsand organizations in terms of the functioning of sports in the province.

High pressure homogenized hazelnut milk (HM) as a functional food compound was incorporated into ice cream as a replacer of cow milk (0-25-50-75-100%) to investigate its effect on the rheological, textural, physical, functional, and sensory properties of ice cream. Rheological experiments showed that the water-holding properties, flow behaviors, and emulsifying capacity of ice creams were improved by increasing HM ratio (p

The gelation properties and gel structure of purified salep glucomannan (S) blended with xanthan (X) in different ratios (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) and at various pH values (water, pH 5.5 and pH 4.0) were investigated. The results indicated that the gelation temperature was rate-independent in varied environments, but the sol-gel transition temperature determined in water and at a pH of 5.5 decreased from 58 to 53 °C when the pH was 4.0. The early structural development of highly concentrated xanthan solutions was observed during the cooling process. In the gelled samples, 3XS and XS had more linear viscoelastic regions and higher yield stress values than 3SX when more stress was applied and the pH decreased. The gel was strong at a low frequency but weak at a high frequency. The early transition frequency of these gel types was observed for 3SX at low pH values, indicating that it had fewer junction points, and the average size of the junction points in the gel network were lower. The melting temperatures of the gels showed the thermo-sensitive behavior of the gels, which was determined to be higher for 3XS due to the stronger and more abundant junction zones. Thus, 3XS had a higher thermal stability than XS and 3SX. Other data supporting this result were observed by determining the creep-recovery parameters, color and gel strength values. The synergistically interacting salep-xanthan gels were shown by FTIR and these gels exhibited high water holding capacities. The usage of the same proportion of polymers and high salep ratios seems more preferable in the water system, while higher xanthan ratios were needed at low pH values if better a gel behavior was desired, such as for the potential use of these materials in food and biomedical applications.

Günümüzde kompozit malzemelerin, çeliğin yerini almasıyla %60-80 oranında ve alüminyumun yerini almasıyla ise %20-50 oranında ağırlıktan kazanım mümkün hale gelmiştir. Kompozit malzemeler birçok mühendislik uygulamaları için tercih edilen malzemeler haline gelmişlerdir. Fakat kompozit malzemelerin bu avantajlarının yanı sıra işlenmesinde yaşanan sıkıntılar söz konusudur. Farklı sektörlerde güncel teknolojinin vazgeçilmez malzemelerinden biri olarak görülen fiber takviyeli kompozit malzemelerin işlenmesi diğer malzemelere oranla daha zordur. Bu durum kesici takımlar açısından çok seçici olmayı gerektirir. Bu çalışmada, Karbon Fiber Takviyeli Kompozit (KFTK) malzemelerin işlenmesinde yaşanan güçlükleri ve özellikle de katmanlı/laminer yapıdaki levhalarda katman kalkması (delaminasyon) problemini bertaraf edebilecek özgün PCD kesici takım tasarımı yapılmıştır. Bu takımlar ile Karbon Fiber Takviyeli Kompozit malzemelerin frezelenmesinde meydana gelen delaminasyon ve kesme kuvvetleri araştırılmıştır. Kesme parametreleri olarak 350, 400 ve 450m/min kesme hız ve 1270 mm/min sabit ilerleme miktarı seçilmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda en iyi performansı tasarımı ve üretimi gerçekleştirilen ve 1 numara ile kodlanan kesici takımın gösterdiği görülmüştür. Artan kesme hızının hasarı ve kesme kuvvetlerini olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca regresyon analizi sonrasında elde edilen ANOVA istatistiklerine göre hasar ve kesme kuvvetleri açısından etkili olan parametreler tespit edilmiştir.

This study is performed to understand the effect of workpiece hardness and cutting parameters on cutting tool stresses in finish turning of soft (22 HRc) and hardened (52 HRc) H13 steel using low content CBN cutting tool by finite element analysis. For this aim, a series of precision dry turning tests were conducted with different cutting parameters (V : 150, 250, 350 m/min; f : 0.05, 0.2, 0.35 mm/rev., a : 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 mm) and then the cutting forces F-c, F-f, F-p were recorded. Finite element analysis shows that cutting stresses decrease with increasing depth of cut due to the increase of the tool-chip contact length/area. The low depth of cut and high feed rate lead to small chip contact region on the rake face and as a result increase the compression stresses. Finite element analysis of tool stress results gives information for selection of the optimum cutting parameters and shows that the largest compression stresses focused on the tool-chip contact region may cause the crater wear. The large tensile stress occurring under nose radius of the main cutting edge can lead to the flank and notch wear modes.

Karbon fiberler ile takviye edilmiş kompozitlerin mukavemetlerinin ve rijitliklerinin cam lifleri ile imal edilen kompozitlere oranla çok fazla olması, yoğunluğunun az olması ve yorulma mukavemetlerinin fazla olması sebebi ile günümüzde kullanımları gittikçe artmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu malzemelerin işlenmesi diğer malzemelere oranla daha zordur. Bu çalışmada karbon fiber takviyeli kompozit malzemelerin PCD takımlar işlenmesinde meydana gelen yüzey pürüzlülüğü araştırılmış ve matematiksel bir model geliştirilmiştir. Deneylerde çalışmada kapsamında tasarımı ve üretimi yapılan üç farklı geometride PCD parmak frezeler kullanılmıştır. Deneyler CNC dik işleme merkezinde yapılmıştır. Kesme parametreleri olarak 350, 400 ve 450m/dak kesme hız ve 1270 mm/dak sabit ilerleme miktarı seçilmiştir. Artan kesme hızının yüzey pürüzlülüğünü olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca regresyon analizi sonrasında elde edilen ANOVA istatistiklerine göre yüzey pürüzlülüğünde etkili olan parametreler tespit edilmiştir.

Kurt, Abdullah/0000-0003-1452-3278 WOS: 000361920900078 PubMed: 26344324 Glucomannan is the main and important constituent of salep. The other contents are called as impurities. In this study, the removal of them was achieved by ethanol treatment to increase salep quality (40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%). The highest glucomannan and the lowest impurities contents were succeeded with the 40% ethanol treatment (SF40). Apparent viscosity of SF40 increased about 5 folds as compared with native salep. SF40 also had higher intrinsic viscosity [eta] and lower critical concentration (C*) than other samples. The improved molecular entanglement between glucomannan chains were demonstrated with increased Berry number C chi[eta]. The storage (G') and loss (G '') moduli spectra of SF40 were found higher within the whole range of frequency and temperature. This simple ethanol process could be used as a promising modification method for improving the properties of salep. (C)15 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Recent studies have shown that the oxidative state plays an important role in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammatory diseases. Determination of erythrocyte arginase, and catalase (CAT), and also plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) malondialde- hyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were measured to establish differences between antioxidant state and lipid peroxidationto assess prognosis in neuroinflammatory disease. Three groups were studied, meningitis ( n = 28), encephalitis (n = 30), and a control group (n = 40) for the spectrophotometric measurements of arginase, and CAT activities in erythrocytes, thiosemicarbazide diacetylmonoxime, and Aebi methods were used respectively. Plasma and CSF MDA levels were analyzed with a modified Yagi method and NO levels were assessed using spectrophotometric methods using the Griess reaction. Levels of erythrocyte arginase, erythrocyte CAT, and CSF NO differed between meningitis and encephalitis ( P< 0.05). While levels of erythrocyte CAT, and CSF MDA, plasma NO and CSF NO concentrations differed between the meningitis group and controls ( P< 0.05). Concentrations of erythrocyte arginase, CSF MDA and plasma NO differed between encephalitis and control groups ( P< 0.05). All tests in the study except erythrocyte arginase and plasma MDA differed between meningitis cases and controls ( P< 0.05). In the meningitis and encephalitis cases, studied oxidative states in blood, and CSF were affected at different levels, meningitis being more severe.

Kurt, Abdullah/0000-0003-1452-3278; Atalar, Ilyas/0000-0001-8560-0010 WOS: 000432774000021 This study investigated the potential use of quince seed to improve the rheological, melting, textural and sensory characteristics of ice cream. The high dietary fiber, polysaccharide and protein contents of these seeds made them a candidate to achieve these aims due to their water-holding properties, gelation behavior, and emulsifying characteristics. Four different formulations were developed that contained quince seed powder (QSP) at levels of 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%. In general, inclusion of 0.25% QSP decreased the flow behavior parameters, but 0.50% QSP had no effect on the rheological parameters of the mixes compared with the control mix. The viscosity, yield stress and thixotropic behaviors of mixes were enhanced by the addition of 0.75% QSP due to the occurrence of interactions and stabilizations. This modification also provided weak gel characteristics and a higher material stiffness property to the mixes, which indicated the presence of a large number of intermolecular interactions. Complex modulus/viscosity and loss tangent variations also supported the flow behavior improvement of the QSP added mixes. Better melting properties and textural characteristics were observed for the 0.5 and 0.75% QSP added samples. Reduction in the melting rate and retardation of complete melting times were achieved by QSP addition. The effect of QSP on reducing the ice crystallization caused to decrease the hardness of the ice cream and resulted in a smooth product with a higher overall acceptability. The enrichment of ice cream with QSP could be an effective way to enhance the nutritional and structural characteristics of dairy products. (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Obtaining specific polysaccharide of gum by separating other parts appears to be an approach to get a hydrocolloid with a higher quality and new functional properties. Therefore, gum tragacanth (GT) was used for these aims. The characterization of alcohol precipitated part of GT were performed in terms of physico-chemical compositions (moisture, ash, protein, color and transparency); rheological behaviors aqueous solutions at different concentration, temperature, pH, presence of salt and sucrose; and structural characterization (FTIR, XRD, DSC and SEM). Applied process has no effect on sucrose its chemical compositions which is important for preserving of progressing application. Clearer solution was obtained for purified sample which was important for sensorial properties of end-product. Rheological experiments indicated that separation insoluble part (bassorin) from GT increased viscosity and improved the stability to the different environmental conditions. FTIR experiment results confirmed that tragacanthin and bassorin is physically mixture not chemically bonded. The improvement of thermal stability of GT was also observed by DSC as a result of bassorin separation. The results suggest that extraction soluble part of GT resulted in higher rheological and structural characteristics which may help to widen its application.

Aim Despite extensive research, there is still controversy regarding the time at which sucking and swallowing functions mature in preterm infants. This study aimed to evaluate maturation using the noninvasive method of swallowing sound. Methods We compared 52 preterm infants of between 27 and 36 weeks' gestational age with a control group of 42 healthy full-term infants. Feeding performance was based on swallowing data collected during two-minute audio recordings. The following variables were generated for each evaluation: total number of swallows, total number of rhythmic swallows, total number of resting intervals, average time between resting intervals, average time between swallows, average time between rhythmic swallows, maximum number of rhythmic swallows and volume of milk ingested. The dependency of the variables on postmenstrual age was also investigated. Results The volume of milk ingested by the preterm infants and the maximum number of rhythmic swallows were positively correlated with postmenstrual age (PMA). The preterm infants reached the 10th percentile of the control infants at 34–35 weeks' PMA and were not significantly different from the control infants at 38–40 weeks' PMA. Conclusion Swallowing sound can be used to assess feeding maturation in preterm infants during neonatal intensive care unit follow-up.

Kurt, Abdullah/0000-0003-1452-3278 WOS: 000401105000016 PubMed: 28457433 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different extraction temperatures (25, 55 and 85 degrees C) on the rheological characteristics of glucomannan (GM) purified from salep. GM was isolated using the following method: extraction of GM with water, removal of impurities by centrifugation and precipitation of GM with ethanol. The extraction yield of GM was approximately 45% for all products. Higher GM (95%) and lower starch (3%) contents were obtained for GM25. GM25 showed higher apparent and intrinsic viscosity, storage and loss modulus and lower activation energy than GM55 and GM85. The addition of different salts and sugars did not affect viscosity due to the non-polyelectrolyte behavior of GM. Gel behavior of purified samples appeared at pH 9. The usage of salep in milk was reduced by purification. These results are potentially useful for widening the applications for salep and for furthering research and development of GM. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Kurt, Abdullah/0000-0003-1452-3278 WOS: 000399484800028 Controlled deacetylation of salep glucomannan (SGM) was performed in this study for the first time. SGM, with different degrees of deacetylation (DD), were prepared with the control sample. The rheological properties of SGM were affected by the deacetylation process. Deacetylated samples showed lower apparent viscosities and pseudoplastic characteristics. The gelation of SGM occurred at 90 and 100% DD for 0.75% and 1% SGM concentrations, and increasing the concentration from 0.5% to 1% increased the gelation kinetics of the samples. The whiteness index and strength of salep gel increased as the DD and concentration increased. The remarkable decrease in absorption bands at approximately 1736 cm(-1) with deacetylation was detected with an FTIR experiment. The SEM images showed that deacetylation resulted in a smooth surface. Removing acetyl groups with the aid of alkali weakened the solubility but improved the thermal stability of SGM, which was determined with DSC and TGA experiments. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tornuk, Fatih/0000-0002-7313-0207; Kurt, Abdullah/0000-0003-1452-3278; Toker, Omer Said/0000-0002-7304-2071 WOS: 000406984300113 PubMed: 28450249 The present study was aimed to use different combinations of xanthan (XG) and locust bean gum (LBG) in the biodegradable edible film preparation by benefitting from their synergistic interactions for the first time. Concentrations of LBG, XG and glycerol of the optimized film sample were found to be 89.6%, 10.4% and 20%, respectively. At the optimum point the WVP, TS, E% and EM values of film were found 0.22 gmm h(-1) m(2) kPa, 86.97 MPa, 33.34% and 177.25 MPa, respectively. The optimized film was characterized for its physical, thermal and structural behavior. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses exhibited miscibility and presence of interaction between polymers. In conclusion, XG and LBG interaction was used successfully to get biodegradable films and coatings with improved characteristics. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Oculo-aurikulo-vertebral syndrome also referred to as Goldenhar Syndrome is a rare condition described initially by Goldenhar in 1952. Goldenhar Syndrome is a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies that involves structures arising from the first and second branchial arches. The syndrome is characterized by anomalies of the ear, hemifacial microsomia, and defects of the vertebral column. The etiology of this rare syndrome is not understood completely and seems to be heterogeneous. Management of Goldenhar syndrome requires a multidisciplinary approach to provide most appropriate treatment. Here we report a newborn with Goldenhar Syndrome who presented all classical signs of this rare condition., Goldenhar sendromu olarak da bilinen okülo-aurikulo-vertebral sendrom, ilk kez 1952 yılında Goldenhar tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Goldenhar sendromu birinci ve ikinci brankiyal yarıktan köken alan yapıların konjenital anomalilerini içerir. Kulak anomalileri, hemifasiyal mikrosomi ve vertebral kolon anomalileri ile karakterizedir. Sendromun nedeni tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte heterojen kaynaklı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Goldenhar sendromunun yönetimi, en uygun tedaviyi sağlamak için multidisipliner yaklaşım gerektirir. Burada sendromun tüm klasik bulgularına sahip Goldenhar sendromlu yenidoğan vakası sunuldu.

Objective: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a clinical syndrome, characterized by maternal pruritus and biochemical cholestasis. Epidemiologic surveys show significant regional differences in the incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and perinatal/neonatal outcomes in our hospital. Methods: Twenty patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and their 22 newborn babies (3 twins), and one intrauterine exitus with unknown etiology were included in this retrospective analysis. Ursodeoxycholic acid was given to 50%of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy patients. Fifteen (65.2%) of the newborn babies were ≤37 weeks. Eight (34.7%) of newborns had transient respiratory support, 2 with continuous positive airway prssure. None of the babies had diagnosed respiratory distress syndrome, thus none of them required surfactant. One case of intrauterine exitus has occured with unknown etiology. Results: We conducted a retrospective study about frequency and perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy between June 2007-August 2010 at Baskent University Ankara Hospital. Perinatal/neonatal outcomes were retrospectively studied by medical chart review. Conclusion: In our study intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was present in 1.4% of pregnancies, that was similar to the European population. Increased risk of preterm delivery and respiratory distress syndrome were reported in literature, in our study group, none of the babies had RDS or other serious neonatal complications of preterm labor despite high rate of preterm birth rate and rather high levels of maternal serum bile acid levels.

Modernization in the food sector have been promoting the use of advanced technology. Halva is usually produced according to the conventional methods. A new technique for halva production applications is put into practice and a system prototype equipped with automation technology was manufactured. System can perform mixing, kneading, shaping, cutting, and cooling of halva without hand touch. Airflow used for cooling can control the temperature, conveyor belt speed, guillotine cutting time, shovels, and the mixing time. Cooling tunnel calculations and pipeline analysis were carried out to reduce the center point temperature of production line whose working fluid temperature is approximately 80 degrees C and the production band which is 19 x 45 x 78 mm and 80g of mass, to 34.9 and 39.1 degrees C (cooling at similar to 416 and 597s, respectively). Halva production process which takes 12-15hr by traditional methods, is reduced to 10-20 min with the designed new cooling system.