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Many factors are affecting intrauterine growth. The role of Wingless-type (Wnt) inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), a novel adipokine and placental proteoglycans in intrauterine growth, is not known. We aimed to measure umbilical cord blood levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, WISP1, and placental proteoglycans [glypican-1 (GPC1), glypican-3 (GPC3), and syndecan-1 (SDC1)] which are thought to have an important role in fetal growth and investigate their relation with birth weight.Full-term neonates were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study and classified as appropriate for gestational age (AGA), small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) according to their birth weight. Umbilical cord blood levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, WISP1, GPC1, GPC3, and SDC1 were measured.Leptin levels were higher in LGA newborns compared to AGA and SGA newborns, while WISP1, GPC1, GPC3, and SDC1 levels were not different between the three groups. Leptin and GPC1 levels were higher in infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus compared to infants of non-diabetic mothers, while WISP1, GPC3, and SDC1 were not different between the groups. Leptin was positively correlated with insulin, birth weight, and maternal weight. While there was a strong correlation between the WISP1, GPC1, GPC3, and SDC1 levels; there was no correlation between the birth weight, maternal weight, glucose, insulin, and WISP1, GPC1, GPC3, and SDC1 levels.Umbilical cord blood levels of GPC1, GPC3, SDC1, and WISP1 were not different between SGA, AGA, and LGA infants. The significance of serum levels of these adipokines and proteoglycans remains to be elucidated.

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we investigate the growth characteristics of very low birth weight premature infants of up to two years corrected age, considering the factors affecting growth and catch-up growth time.STUDY DESIGN: The demographic data, clinical features, and comorbidities of 77 preterm infants with birth weights of less than or equal to 1.500 g were examined, the infants’ growth statuses in the 40th gestational week (gw) and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months the corrected age, including their weight, height and head circumference, were evaluated.RESULTS: The findings revealed that very low birth weight infants should be closely monitored either during their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, or for up to 6 months corrected age, paying particular attention to growth data, and the appropriate supportive treatment should be administered. The applied support process is influential on the future somatic growth of preterm infants. It was noted in the study that bronchopulmonary dysplasia, proven sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, steroid treatment for more than three days, patent ductus arteriosus, and ibuprofen treatment seemed to affect somatic growth negatively.CONCLUSION: Small for gestational age newborns were found to catch up with appropriate for gestational age newborns at 2 years corrected age in terms of growth, although the percentage of catch-up growth during follow-up at the 40thgw, and at the 6th, 12th and 18th months was lower than that of appropriate for gestational age newborns.

Purpose: This study aims to achieve a better understanding of the trend of maternal milk macronutrient levels by analyzing protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and energy content of the breast milk and investigate the possible confounders of macronutrient content during the first 4 weeks of lactation to meet the specific needs of babies, guide optimum fortification of maternal milk. Patients and Methods: Breast milk from 39 mothers who had delivered preterm infants and 21 mothers of term infants were collected longitudinally for the first 4 weeks of lactation. Fresh milk samples were obtained on day 3, 7, 14, and 28 of lactation. The samples are analyzed using mid-infrared milk analyzer (MIRIS Human Milk Analyzer, HMA; Miris AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Results: Colostral milk protein concentrations of mothers of both preterm and term infants were significantly higher and the protein content of the samples decreased in time, according to the week of lactation during the study period. In contrast, fat, carbohydrate, and energy content were lowest in the colostral milk in both groups. When preterm and term milks were compared, fat and carbohydrate levels on 28th day and energy levels on 14th and 28th days were significantly higher in term milks, whereas no difference in protein contents were observed between the two groups on each time period. Mode of delivery was found to have statistically significant correlation with protein content of the milk. Conclusion: This longitudinal study revealed significant changes in analyzed macronutrient contents of mother's milk over the first 4 week period.

Background Effective treatment and close monitoring of hypoglycemia in children with congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (CHH) is vital to prevent brain damage. The current use of capillary sampling schedules does not provide a comprehensive assessment of glycemic status and fails to detect asymptomatic hypoglycemia episodes. Aim To investigate the efficacy and accuracy of a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system (RT-CGMS) in neonates with CHH. Methods A sensor connected to RT-CGMS was inserted into the newborn patients and maintained for at least 6 days during their stay in the hospital. We compared the readings of CGMS with capillary blood glucose values using Bland-Altman analysis. Results A total of 110 blood glucose values were compared to readings from the CGMS. All results were calculated and plotted for CGMS values at 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, 20–24, and 25–29 min after capillary blood glucose sampling. CGMS readings were highly correlated with blood glucose values, especially during normoglycemia. In case of hypoglycemia, the mean difference between the CGMS and capillary glucose values was higher. Although the false positive rate for hypoglycemia was relatively high in CGMS, RT-CGMS may show some episodes of hypoglycemia earlier than blood measurement. Conclusion RT-CGMS is accurate during normoglycemia, and it can reduce the number of capillary blood samples in children with CHH.

BACKGROUND Few data are available concerning normative lung function parameters measured in unsedated neonates. AIM To evaluate lung function changes in neonates. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, tidal breath parameters were measured using the MasterScreen PAED system and standardized protocols. Measurements were performed on 60 (30 male) term, healthy, unsedated neonates on the postnatal 2nd and 30th days. RESULTS Expiratory time (TE; p

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an important cause of morbidity in preterms. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease while omega-3 fatty acids are known ...

Amaç: Yenidoğan ölümleri ve ağır morbiditelerini azaltan antenatal betametazon tedavisinin preterm bebeklerdeki serum tiroid hormonlarına etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2013-2019 yılları arasında doğan ve gebelik haftası 32 hafta ve altında olan ve çalışmaya alınma kriterlerini karşılayan toplam 156 bebek bu retrospektif çalışmaya alındı. Bebeklerin bilgilerine hastane kayıt sisteminden ulaşıldı. Bebekler hiç steroid almayan, tek doz alan ve tam doz alan olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Yaşamın 30. gününden önce bakılan tiroid fonksiyon testleri karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Doğum haftası, doğum şekli, doğum ağırlığı, çoğul gebelik durumu, cinsiyet, anne yaşı, preeklampsi, erken membran rüptürü, koriyoamniyonit, annede tiroid hastalığı, bebeğin hastanede kalma süresi, tiroid testi örneklem zamanı, Apgar skoru, patent duktus arteriyozus, nekrotizan enterokolit, intraventriküler kanama, prematüre retinopatisi ve bronkopulmoner displazi oranı açısından her üç grup arasında fark saptanmadı. Tam doz steroid alanlarda surfaktan ihtiyacı anlamlı olarak düşüktü. Serum serbest tiroksin (sT4) ve tiroid uyarıcı hormon (TSH) düzeyleri açısından her üç grup arasında fark saptanmadı.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada preterm bebeklerde antenatal betametazon profilaksisinin serum tiroid hormonlarına etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür., Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of antenatal betamethasone treatment on serum thyroid hormones in preterm infants.Material and Methods: A total of 156 babies born between 2013-2019 with gestational age of ≤32 weeks were included in this retrospective study. Information of the babies was accessed from the hospital records. Infants were divided into 3 groups according to betamethasone treatment: no treatment, partial dose, and complete dose. Thyroid function tests were compared between the groups before 30th days of life.Results: There was no difference between the three groups in terms of gestational age, route of delivery, birth weight, rate of multiple pregnancy, gender, maternal age, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, maternal thyroid disease, hospital stay, sampling time of serum thyroid hormones, Apgar score, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The surfactant treatment was significantly low in the patients receiving complete dose of steroid. There was no difference between the three groups in terms of serum free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.Conclusion: It has been shown that antenatal betamethasone treatment has no effect on serum thyroid hormones in preterm infants.

Kongenital kistik adenomatoid malformasyon KKAM , primer bronsiyollerin duzensiz, hamartamatoz ve adenomatoid proliferasyonu ile karakterizedir.Kongenital akciger malformasyonlarinin %25’ini olusturur ve yenidoganlarda en sik solunum sikintisi ile ortaya cikar. Bu yazida prenatal tanisi olmayan ve yasamin ilk saatlerinde solunum sikintisi semptomlari gelisen bir vaka sunularak ender gorulen KKAM ‘in tartisilmasi amaclandi

Akyuz-Unsal AI, Key O, Guler D, Bekmez S, Sagus M, Akcan AB, Kurt-Omurlu I, Anik A, Oruc-Dundar S, Turkmen M. Retinopathy of prematurity risk factors: Does human milk prevent retinopathy of prematurity? Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 13-19. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) development and the potential effect of human breast milk among these factors. For this purpose, infants admitted to a tertiary referral clinic for ROP screening and treatment between April 2013 and May 2015, were included in this retrospective study. The demographic data, accompanying diseases, previous surgery, type of feeding and duration of human breast milk intake were recorded. According to the ROP screening examination results, infants were divided into two groups as those with ROP (infants at any stage of ROP) and those without ROP. Relationship between the risk factors and ROP were evaluated. The comparison of 221 infants without ROP and 99 infants with ROP; revealed that gestational age at birth, birth weight, mechanical ventilation support, bronchopulmonary and cardiac diseases, hydrocephaly, any previous surgery, infections, steroid treatment percentages were high and human breast milk intake percentage was low among infants with ROP. Mean breast feeding time for infants with ROP (3.81 ± 2.33 month) was shorter than the infants without ROP (5.51 ± 1.43 month) (p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, the duration of breast feeding was inversely related with ROP (OR 0.744; 95% CI 0.621-0.891; p < 0,001). These results suggest that gestational age at birth and accompanying diseases are the main risk factors for the development of ROP. As the duration of the breast feeding of the infants without ROP was longer than the infants with ROP; breast feeding may have a preventive effect on ROP development.

BACKGROUND Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) is the optimal treatment option for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome; but can cause central nervous system, extremity and intestinal system injury. CASE We report the case report of ileal atresia and severe cerebral infarction co-occurrence after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation treatment. It is uncertain as to whether ileal atresia occurred due to ischemia associated with TTTS, the treatment with FLP, or a combination of both. CONCLUSIONS Cases with prenatal ultrasonographic abnormalities after FLP should have a close assessment to detect bowel complications. Despite many developments in its management, TTTS remains an important risk factor for cerebral injury.

Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) is a rare anomaly of the posterior cranial fossa. Concomitant brain or systemic malformations are frequent and can influence the prognosis. DWM is associated with cardiac abnormalities. Recognition of these anomalies are important for diagnosis and accurate surgical management. Association of aortic coarctation with DWM is extremely rare. Here, we report a newborn with DWM and aortic coarctation. Our aim was to emphasize that DWM can be associated with cardiac anomalies. Cardiac congenital defects are often associated with a poor prognosis. These kinds of features should alert the clinician to consider extensive screening in these patients not only for cerebral structures but also for cardiovascular abnormalities.

Jaundice is a problem in newborns. There are many maternal and infant-related factors affecting neonatal jaundice. The maternal pre-pregnancy weight, maternal body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain may have an effect on the newborn bilirubin levels. We research the effect of the maternal pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain on the bilirubin levels of the newborn infants in the first 2 weeks prospectively.Term and healthy infants who were born between 38 and 42 weeks in our clinic were included in the study. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMIs were calculated. Babies were divided into three groups according to their mothers' advised amount of gestational weight gain. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) values of the newborns were measured in the 2nd, 5th and 15th postnatal days.In our study, the 5th and 15th day capillary bilirubin level of the babies with mothers who gained more weight than the advised amount during pregnancy were found statistically significant higher compared to the other two groups (p 0.05). Similarly, the hematocrit level of the babies with mothers who gained more weight than the advised amount were found statistically significant higher compared to the other two groups (p 0.05).We conclude that the babies with mothers who gained more weight than the advised amount were under risk for newborn jaundice. Therefore, these babies should be monitored more closely for neonatal jaundice and prolonged jaundice.

Purpose Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is used in inflammatory diseases but the use of immunoglobulin as a treatment for acute lung injury (ALI) has not been previously studied. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of of ALI. Therefore we examined the levels of TGF-β and lung inflammation scores in IVIG treated ALI models. Methods Intratracheal lipopolysacccharide was given to rats. Groups 1 and 3 received saline, whereas group 2 received IVIG. 24 h later saline was given to groups 1 and 2 and IVIG to group 3. Blood samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were obtained from each group and sacrificed for pathological evaluation. Results BAL TGF-β levels of groups 2 and 3 on day 30, were lower compared to their levels of day 2 (p = 0.01, p = 0.01). BAL TGF-β levels of groups 2 and 3 were lower than the levels of group 1 on day 30 (p = 0.002, p = 0.001). Pathological examination revealed that the inflammation scores of groups 2 and 3 on day 30, were lower than the scores of day 2 (p = 0.02, p = 0.01). Inflammation scores of group 2 were lower than group 1 on day 30 (p = 0.02). Moderate fibrosis was seen in half of the rats from group 1 and one rat from group 2. Conclusion High-dose IVIG decreased lung inflammation scores and BAL TGF-β1 levels and this therapy would give even better results if it is given earlier.

Interleukin-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA), and the use of anti-interleukin-1 therapy has been increasing. We report a case of a 14-year-old male patient with SoJIA. He was in remission with anakinra treatment for almost 2 years. When we extended the therapeutic range and decreased the dose (1 mg/kg twice a week), he developed symptoms mimicking pulmonary embolism and cardiac ischemia. Increased cardiac enzyme levels and echocardiographic findings were interpreted as myopericarditis. Pulmonary computed tomography angiography revealed no thrombus. An SoJIA attack was considered because of high level of acute-phase reactants and clinical findings. Intensive immunosuppressive therapy with 2 mg/kg/day anakinra was reinitiated. Clinical and laboratory parameters began to improve on the fifth day of treatment. Thus, anti-interleukin-1 therapy is very important in patients with SoJIA. Although the treatment dose was gradually reduced and the therapeutic range was extended, it is noteworthy that the case progressed to a severe clinical condition. Broad prospective studies regarding whether, how long, and for what reasons the dosages of these drugs should be reduced in patients with SoJIA with no genetic disorders are required.

Delaying conception has increased the demand on assisted reproduction. Currently, more than 1% of children are conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) worldwide and this number is likely to continue increasing (1). Like any other medical intervention ART is associated with both short-term and long-term complications. IVF pregnancies may be at increased risk for multiple pregnancies, preterm birth, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, and perinatal mortality. It has long been known that the rate of congenital malformations is somewhat increased among infants born after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Risks of neural tube defects, orofacial clefts, cardiac defects, alimentary tract atresia, and hypospadias were increased. Possible association between IVF and the occurrence of imprinting anomalies, which can cause rare conditions such as Angelman syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, PraderWilli syndrome, russell-silver syndrome, UPD 14 syndrome, pseudohypoparathyroidism 1b, transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, and maternal hypomethylation syndrome (2, 3). In our cases, premature twins were born by ceserean section to a 38-year-old gravida 2, para 2 female. The mother had uncomplicated antenatal course. Infants were born after IVF (double embryo transfer). A prenatal ultrasound and NST were normal. At birth there were no problems. Apgar score was 9 at 1 and 5 minutes. During a routine physical examination, asymmetric crying face was noticed in both of twins; the right corner of the mouth drew right and downward, while the left corner did not move. Their extra-ocular movements were intact with perfect closure of the eyes. They were presumed to have asymmetric crying facies (ACF) secondary to hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris. Their echocardiogram and cranial MRI investigations was normal. Their chromosome and FISH analysis were normal. ACF is a minor anomaly, which presents with drooping of the corner of the mouth on the unaffected side when cying or grimacing and seen in 0.5% 1% of newborns. It is caused by either agenesis or hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle. ACF has been associated with other congenital anomalies in 20% to 70% of cases. Most anomalies are found in the head/neck and cardiovascular systems but they can also involve the skeletal, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal systems. In particular, ACF has been associated with the 22q11 deletion syndrome (4, 5). In summary, we report IVF twins with ACF. They were first IVF cases with ACF in the literature. We conclude that the general risk for a congenital malformation after IVF and some rare malformation syndromes are over represented among infants born after IVF and a multidisciplinary team should follow these patients, with screening for complications and appropriate management.

Since newborns are obligatory nasal breathers, upper respiratory tract problems may sometimes be life threatening. The most common pathology causing dyspnea and stridor in newborns is laryngomalacia. Nasal cavity pathologies that risk the neonatal airway are more rarely met. These anomalies may be seen either as solitary anomalies or as a part of a syndrome. While choanal atresia is one of the best-known nasal cavity anomalies, choanal stenosis, congenital nasal mid-line masses, congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis, and nasal tip anomalies are more rarely seen structural pathologies. Choanal atresia may be present either as an isolated congenital anomaly or as a part of CHARGE syndrome. Some rare chromosome anomalies may also cause significant problems during nasal respiration in newborns. With this study, we presented a case series of newborns with pathologies that affected nasal respiration. Although the diagnosis and treatment of choanal atresia and congenital dacryocystocele are well known, the information on the diagnosis and treatment of the other two uncommon cases are limited. With this study, we aimed to contribute to the literature by presenting our approach in six cases having congenital pathologies that cause nasal respiratory obstruction.

Alexander disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by degeneration of the white matter in the central nervous system. Alexander disease is a leukodystrophy that is usually observed in early childhood but rarely in adults. It is characterized by megalencephaly, demyelinization and multiple Rosenthal fibers. Specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and genetic investigations are necessary to diagnose the disorder. Signs of leukodystrophy were found in the bilateral white matter on a brain MRI of our four-year-old patient. He had megalencephaly since birth. We use this case to discuss Alexander disease.

Fraser syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder comprising cryptophtalmus, syndactyly and genital abnormalities. The diagnosis is usually made at birth from the obvious malformations, occasionally made on prenatal ultrasound. It is rare and is associated with various types of laryngeal abnormalities such as subglottic stenosis, laryngeal webbing or atresia. We herein report an infant who presented with respiratory failure in neonatal intensive care unit and diagnosed as Fraser syndrome with laryngeal web that had not been recognized in prenatal period.

Trisomy 18 is the second most common autosomal trisomy in liveborn infants. Various congenital malformations, mental retardation, and high rate of infant mortality in the first year of life are characteristic features of trisomy 18. Congenital heart disease occurs in over 90% of these patients and the most common cardiac lesions are ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect. This is a case report of a baby born with trisomy 18 (postnatal diagnosis) in whom there was an unusual echocardiographic appearance of a mobile structure (“flap-like”) around the area of a VSD—which was imaged prenatally. (Echocardiography 2011;28:E191-E193)

Purpose To evaluate the safety of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) and their complications in critically ill premature neonates. Methods A retrospective collection of data of infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) who underwent PICC placement over a 2-year period. Gestational age, birth weight (BW), sex, site of catheter placement, reason for catheter removal, duration of the catheter use, proven sepsis, type of the reported organism and the rate of complications were collected. The infants were classified into two groups according to BWs: Group 1–-VLBW infants (BW between 1,000 and 1,500 g) and Group 2–-BW Results During the study period, 90 VLBW infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. PICCs were attempted in 71 patients. A PICC was successfully inserted into 62 patients (87.3%). Totally, 68 PICCs were inserted into 62 infants. PICCs placed in either the upper or the lower extremity have no differences in complication rates. The median time of catheter insertion was 10 (1-22) days for Group 1 and 16 (1-47) days for Group 2 (p=0.001). The median duration of PICCs was 9 (2-18) and 12.0 (3-30) days, respectively (p=0.012). There were no significant differences between groups for the reasons for removal (p=0.859). Conclusions PICCs are convenient for the administration of long course antibiotics and parenteral nutrition for both VLBW and ELBW infants. The risk of catheter complications did not increase in ELBW infants. Although the technique of insertion is easy and using PICCs has many benefits, serious and fatal complications may occur in premature neonates in critical states.

Meperidine is an opiod analgesic used in a variety of clinical situations. The active metabolite, normeperidine, is a central nervous system excitatory agent and has the ability to cause irritability, hyperreflexia, tremor, myoclonus and seizures. Previously identified risk factors for the development of meperidine-related seizures include renal failure, high meperidine dosages, and co-adminestration of hepatic enzyme inducing medications or phenothiazines which decreases seizure treshold. Patients with normal renal function rarely manifest seizure activity when given meperidine. Here we report a 10 year old boy with a femur fraction who had normal renal function. We used low dose meperidine due to post operative pains.

Safra kesesi hidropsu, cocukluk caginda seyrek gorulen ve safra kesesinin tassiz asiri distansiyonu ile karakterizedir. Safra kesesi tasi,bakteriyel enfeksiyon veya safra sisteminin kongenital anomalilerinin yoklugu ile karakterizedir. Ates, kusma, karin agrisi, skleralarda ikter, hepatomegali ve sag hipokondriyumda hassasiyet ile basvuran yedi yasinda bir kiz cocugunu sunduk. Laboratuar incelemeleri, hiperbilirubinemi ve artmis karaciger enzim duzeylerini gostermekteydi. Bakteriyel veya parazitik enfeksiyon bulgusu yoktu. Viral hepatit serolojisi akut hepatit A enfeksiyonunu gostermekteydi. Abdominal ultrasonografi distandu, hidropik, tassiz safra kesesini gostermekteydi. Bu yazimizda, hepatit A virus enfeksiyonu nedeniyle gelisen akut viral tassiz kolesistitli yedi yasinda bir kiz cocugunu sunduk.

Background: The Nanoduct ® device has acceptable diagnostic accuracy, but there is not enough systematic data supporting its usage in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: A retrospective review of patients with an indication for the sweat test was conducted. The conductivity test was repeated in patients who had values higher than 60 mmol/L, and they were referred for sweat chloride measurements. Associations between sweat conductivity measurements and age, gender, (pH, HCO 3 , pCO 2 , Na, K, Cl), family history, consanguinity, indications for the test and number of hospitalization were studied. Results: Among 2,664 patients, 16 children had sweat conductivity values higher than 80. The median age of patients diagnosed with CF was 4 months old. Age, pH, HCO 3 , Na, Cl, K and the sweat conductivity test were statistically related (P ). The ROC curve showed very high agreement between the 2nd conductivity test and the sweat test. Conclusions: Patients suspected to have CF can be screened using the Nanoduct ® conductivity device in non-qualified centers. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jocmr1191w

This study investigated the association among breastfeeding, serum zinc levels, and nutritional status of children.One hundred healthy infants were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements of the children were taken, and their plasma zinc levels were determined. The mothers were interviewed about the duration of breastfeeding and nutrition pattern of the children at the time of zinc measurement.Low zinc levels were associated with lower weight measurements (r=0.49, p0.001), but the association between height and zinc level was not statistically significant (r=0.18, p0.05). There was a negative correlation between breastfeeding duration and weight-for-age percentile (r=-0.2, p0.05), height-for-age percentile (r=-0.3, p0.05), and serum zinc level (r=-0.3, p=0.002). The pattern of nutrition correlated only with the weight of the infant (r=0.2, p0.05) and not with either height or serum zinc levels (p0.05).Exclusive breastfeeding beyond 6 months of age has negative effects on serum zinc levels and can be associated with low weight gain, which will be especially important in developing countries.

Introduction: The aim of our study is to evaluate thrombocytosis at the time of the diagnosis in the patients with pneumonia, bronchiolitis and asthma, and its importance in terms of the diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 583 patients diagnosed as asthma (n=36), bronchiolitis (n=387) and pneumonia (n=160) in pediatry clinic of GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital and Zeynep Kamil Research Hospital between January 1, 2007 and January 1, 2010; and the ratio of patients with thrombocytosis at the time of diagnosis retrospectively. Results: We found that the mean thrombocyte counts in patients who had been diagnosed as pneumonia and as bronchiolitis were found significantly higher than control group (p

To evaluate if cardiac dysfunctions are important in assessing the outcome in newborns with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), by evaluating cardiac functions with N-terminal prohormone of brain natriüretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, M-mode and tissue doppler echocardiography at 6-12 mo of age.Twenty eight patients were retrospectively classified as mild, moderate and severe according to the diagnostic criterias for BPD. All cases were assessed with standard M-mode, tissue doppler echocardiography and NT-proBNP levels. Control group consisted of 28 healthy infants, having similar postnatal ages as patients and were assessed with standard M-mode and tissue doppler echocardiography.The age of patients with BPD was 9.8 ± 2.3 mo and control group was 9.5 ± 2.6 mo. There was no significant difference between the postnatal ages of two groups (p0.05). Neither pulmonary hypertension nor pulmonary/tricuspid regurgitation was detected. The M-mode echocardiography measurements did not differ between patients and control group (p0.05). Tissue doppler echocardiography, tricuspid valve medial segment early diastolic myocardial relaxation velocity (TME') measurements of patients were found significantly lower, peak transtricuspid filling velocity in the early diastole (TE)/TME' ratios and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) measurements were found significantly higher than control group (p0.05). Tricuspid E, TE/TLE' (Tricuspid valve lateral segment early diastolic myocardial relaxation velocity), TE/RVLE'(Right ventricular lateral segment early diastolic myocardial relaxation velocity), TE/TME' levels were also found as significantly abnormal in patients with severe BPD. A significant correlation was found between right ventricular diastolic disfunctions and severity of BPD (p0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between NT-proBNP levels, BPD stages and tissue doppler echocardiography measurements (p0.05).This is the first study evaluating cardiac findings in patients with BPD by tissue doppler echocardiography and NT-proBNP at the same time. On the basis of cardiac evaluations, tissue doppler echocardiography measurements were found as significant and specific for the early assessment of right ventricular diastolic disfunctions.

Trisomy 18 is the second most common autosomal trisomy in liveborn infants. Various congenital malformations, mental retardation, and high rate of infant mortality in the first year of life are characteristic features of trisomy 18. Congenital heart disease occurs in over 90% of these patients and the most common cardiac lesions are ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect. This is a case report of a baby born with trisomy 18 (postnatal diagnosis) in whom there was an unusual echocardiographic appearance of a mobile structure ("flap-like") around the area of a VSD-which was imaged prenatally.

Thomas syndrome is a rare syndrome including Potter sequence, renal anomalies, heart defects, cleft palate with other oropharyngeal anomalies. Here, we report a newborn with Potter sequence, bilateral renal hypoplasia and cystic dysplasia, multiple cardiovascular malformations, long large ears, frontal bossing, small lips, partial simple toe syndactyly, and cleft palate. To our best knowledge, this patient may be considered as a new variant of Thomas syndrome or a new syndrome.

The aim of this study was to compare the mean platelet volume (MPV) in babies of preeclamptic and normal pregnant women and to investigate the correlation between thrombocytopenia and MPV in the babies of preeclamptic mothers. A total of 63 newborns with similar gestational ages were included in this retrospective study. They were divided into three groups as 21 babies of preeclamptic mothers with thrombocytopenia (Group A), 21 without thrombocytopenia (Group B), and 21 babies of normal pregnant women without thrombocytopenia (Group C). Hematologic data of these patients, obtained in the first 72 h of their life, were obtained from their medical records. Groups were compared according to their birth weights, platelet counts, and MPV. Gestational ages and birth weights of all groups were similar. The platelet count of group A was significantly lower (P < 0.001). MPV seemed to increase as platelet counts decreased when the groups were compared. However, no significant correlation was found between MPV and platelet counts and no significant difference between MPVs (P = 0.052). Increase in MPV is accepted as a sign of platelet destruction and decrease as a sign of platelet production insufficiency. Our results showed that the cause of thrombocytopenia in babies of preeclamptic mothers cannot be explained with the help of MPV.