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Chronic disease is an irregular change inside or outside of the tissues and organs that results in accumulation, local damage, and inflammation or irritation. Suaeda aegyptiaca (S. aegyptiaca) is a plant that has been used for a long time for the treatment of human diseases. Therefore, the aim of this present research study is to prepare various plant extracts and screen their antioxidant activity spectroscopically, and later on to isolate antioxidant biomarkers from the significantly highest active crude extract of the aerial parts of S. aegyptiaca. To attain the present objectives, different crude extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of S. aegyptiaca by using a maceration method. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the prepared aerial crude extracts of S. aegyptiaca were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and brine shrimp lethality (BSL) methods, respectively. All the prepared aerial crude extracts of the particular plant at six different concentrations showed significant antioxidant activity against the DPPH. The ethyl acetate crude extract showed the highest antioxidant activity, and the lowest activity was in the butanol extract. However, all the aerial crude extracts of S. aegyptiaca were prepared at different concentrations did not show any activity against the BSL method. Based on the antioxidant activity results, the ethyl acetate extract was selected for the isolation of antioxidant compounds. The extract was purified using column chromatography by using different solvent ratios. A series of test tubes were collected with a volume of 3 mL and depending on the similar retention mobility (Rf) behavior, a total of twelve fractions were prepared. Similarly, the antioxidant activity of the obtained twelve fractions from column chromatography was determined by the same DPPH method. All the fractions showed significant antioxidant activity. Among the fractions from the column, fraction 6 gave the highest antioxidant activity and the lowest was fraction 1. In conclusion, all the aerial extracts showed promising activities against DPPH and the fraction with the highest antioxidant activity could be used as natural antioxidant biomarkers to prevent cell damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that creates high blood sugar level. Therefore, diabetes awareness is necessary to prevent diabetes by reducing sugar intake and using low-calorie alternative sweeteners instead. Stevia rebaudiana is a medicinal plant species belonging to the Compositae family. It is a sweet herb that contains diterpene glycosides, which are directly responsible for the sweet taste, but they have no caloric value. Since ancient times, there have been several reports on the use of S. rebaudiana as an alternative sweetener and extended research has been conducted on its phytochemicals and biological activities. The plant contains a good number of phytochemicals with significant biological activities, namely polyphenolic derivatives, diterpenes glycosides, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, chlorophylls, carotenoids, etc. For industrial use, those phytochemicals could be extracted from the selected plant and used for the preparation of nutraceuticals and food additives. S. rebaudiana is a natural herb; therefore, it has fewer or minimal adverse effects on human health. The selected plant in various forms is used for the treatment of diabetes, colon cancer, obesity, cavities, and others. However, the literature review shows that the information on this plant and its uses is not systematic. The purpose of the present review is to explore the status of phytochemicals and biological activities of the selected plant for young researchers. Therefore, the updated data will help them to develop new nutraceuticals and food additives that could help in the production of pharmaceuticals to treat different ailments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]