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In this paper, we discuss estimating the fuzzy parameters of the ExponentialRayleigh distribution using the Progressive Censored sample for the Rank Set method to become the proposed Rank Set Sampling estimation Method (RSSEM) in Censoring sample using the Newton-Raphson method to determine the parameter estimate values. Then utilizing Al Karkh General Hospital-Ministry of Health and Environment in Iraq for providing information about the actual data for COVID-19. To ascertain the Chi-square test was used. The distribution of the using sample is the Exponential-Rayleigh distribution. (ER). Then, we estimate the probability density function, hazard function, and survival function. To follow the estimation of the parameters and ER distribution's fuzzy parameters, we use the suggested approach. Moreover, to find the efficiency of the estimators, we use the mean square error of the survival function: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recent studies about effective leader behavior reveal that the ability of managers to perform a clear vision in daily work will strongly evoke employee learning behavior and consequently lead to higher green proactive behavior. This study investigate the direct and indirect effects of this visionary leadership towards both employee learning behavior and green proactive behavior. This survey using cross sectional design using data of 226 leaders were gathered from the Policy Makers in Peninsular Malaysia. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and SmartPLS are used to analyze the findings. The results show that learning behavior is able to act as an effective mediating variable in the relationship between visionary leadership (effective communication and feedback) with green proactive behavior. In conclusion, this study reports that a leader's ability to demonstrate effective visionary leadership can enhance employees' commitment to mastering new learning diligently. As a result, this learning behavior can also positively enhance green proactive behavior within the studied organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy agricultural ecosystems underpin both environmental and societal sustainability. In January 2024, Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates officially joined BRICS, expanding their crucial role in shaping global economies and sustainable development. To fully assess the current state of agroecosystem research in BRICS+ nations and gain an in-depth understanding of their contributions to the environmental domain, this study systematically examined the contributions of BRICS+ nations to agroecosystems using bibliometric methods. A total of 392 papers from the 2023 Web of Science database were comprehensively analyzed using tools of VOSviewer and Scimago Graphica. The criteria for data collection were the selection of English-language articles on agroecosystems from BRICS+ nations published in 2023. The key findings included enriching research by Chinese scholars, the highly cited article by Liu et al., the notable role of the China Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, and the impact of Science of the Total Environment and Elsevier. The main research topics covered economic growth, agroecosystem management, healthy soil element cycling, and plant studies. Hot keywords included soil, rhizosphere, rice, fertilization, and use efficiency. This study provided a comprehensive and detailed framework for future research and contributed to the global sustainable development agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent empirical studies have recognised that trainee motivation indirectly influences the relationship between leadership training programmes and productivity. Although this relationship has been widely studied, the role of trainee motivation as a mediating variable has not been discussed in detail in the training management literature. This study focuses on the relationship between leadership training programmes and productivity and examines the role of trainee motivation as a mediating variable. A survey method was used to gather 328 sets of questionnaires from various categories of positions in the central administration sector, in Malaysia. This study employed SmartPLS programme path model analysis to evaluate the measurement and structural models and further examine the significance level of the research hypotheses. The results of path model analysis testing confirm that trainee motivation indirectly influences the relationship between leadership training programmes and productivity. This study's findings can be used as important certificates by management to understand the diversity of perspectives on trainee motivation and design a training programme master plan that can increase employee inspiration to succeed and maintain the organisation's strategies and goals in an era of global competition and an unstable economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This inquiry examines the downfall of the Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba, Andalus (Spain), in 1031 CE, which signaled the end of almost three centuries of Umayyad dominance in the region under Islamic governance. The primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the factors contributing to the demise of the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalus, drawing upon the insights presented by Ibn Khaldun. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study utilized content analysis methodology to examine pertinent documents and additional written sources. The findings of this research, as per Ibn Khaldun’s theories, identified critical elements that precipitated the collapse of the Umayyad government. These included a failed state, political disintegration, severe financial crises stemming from the erosion of social solidarity, a decline in the sense of belonging (‘asabiyyah), instances of injustice and tyranny, a culture of opulence, and weakened religious adherence. Ultimately, the populace of Andalus withdrew their support for the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to a diminishing sense of social solidarity. Consequently, the Islamic civilization in Andalus underwent a gradual decline, culminating in its destruction by external forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foundation of a successful business is essentially the level of consumer response to a product or service offered. Entrepreneurs’ abilitities to cater to their consumers’ needs are one of their secrets to success. Hence, the objective of this study is to uncover the secrets of business success, particularly the business lures that have helped Kelantan entrepreneurs to popularise products or services they offer. A qualitative approach was used to analyse the interview data according to themes. The study found five factors which determined the business success of the selected Malay Kelantanese entrepreneurs. These factors were: they were persistent in asking for help from Allah, they strived to be approachable entrepreneurs, and they cultivated positive entrepreneurial virtues such as having an honourable personality, being creative, and innovative, as well as being bold in their marketing strategy. Although the findings are not representative of all Malay entrepreneurs in Malaysia, this study can, however, serve as a source of reference to encourage other entrepreneurs to emulate the business success of the selected entrepreneurs. Apart from that, it can encourage awareness among the Muslim entrepreneurs, about the importance of managing a business in accordance with the Islamic laws