Search

Traditional planar iodine-131 whole-body scan (WBS), which is frequently used to find radioiodine-avid metastases in thyroid cancer patients, is regarded as the standard diagnostic method. The constraints of planar iodine-131 whole-body scan in iodine-avid metastases have been addressed using SPECT/CT. The aim of this study was to compare iodine-131 SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of metastasis intermediate- and high-risk with thyroid carcinoma by radioactive iodine as therapy versus planar imaging. In a cross-sectional study, to sixty patients with diagnosed thyroid cancer 43 women and 17 men, ages 11 - 76 years to were examined at both the nuclear medicine sections of the Al-Andalus Private Hospital in Baghdad and the Al-Kawthar Nuclear Medicine Center in Basra. All patients had full or nearly full thyroid surgery. They received dose treatment with radioactive iodine-131 ranging from 3.7 GBq (100 mci) to 7.4 GBq (200 mci), after 5 days following the dosage, they had a planar whole body scan as well as SPECT/CT for the same day. Planar whole body scan and SPECT/CT data had been interpreted very differently for lymph node metastases and distant metastases, identifying sites of iodine uptake in some patients as it was judged equivocal, especially in the neck area, where the frequency of equivocal foci and middle cervical action was classified as a locoregional or thyroid residual illness. SPECT/CT interpreted the foci of iodine uptake sites thought to be equivocal detected on planar imaging. The results of the current study showed that the interpretation of uptake foci on whole-body planar imaging changed when the SPECT/CT results were reviewed, and the treatment plan had changed in 26 (43%) of 60 patients. This change was due to dependence on iodine uptake sites in the foci. The combination of SPECT/CT images had an increased greater than iodine-131 in planar scans in accurately defining central neck activity, and the incidence of radioactive avid metastases to lymphatic nodes (LN) on SPECT/CT was unusually large. SPECT/CT showed significantly more diagnostic data and additional benefit over whole-body planar scan for patients who received an oral therapeutic dose of iodine-131. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: SPECT/CT is a more effective instrument diagnosing as well as detecting thyroid cancer and determining treatment methods compared to a whole-body planar scan. The objective of this research is to directly compare I31I SPECT/CT methods for detecting metastatic thyroid carcinoma in the high-risk and intermediate-risk group methods to assess the diagnostic precision and performance of iodine-131 body scanning (WBS) with or without SPECT/CT. Patient and Methods: Sixty thyroid carcinoma sufferers, 43 women and 17 men, ages 11 years-76 years had been diagnosed with thyroid malignancy at both the Al-Kawthar Nuclear Medicine Center in Basra and the department of Nuclear Medicine at Al-Andalus Private Hospital in Baghdad. Each patient had a full or almost full thyroid surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: thyroid tumors that have an intermediate-risk and high risk. They were administered dose therapy with radioactive iodine-131 of (3.7 GBq [100 mci]) to (7.4 GBq [200 mci]) and acquired a planar scan 5 days after taking the dose. Planar whole-body examination foci of uptake have been defined as lymph nodes, lung metastases, bone metastases, thyroid remaint, or of unknown cause. These regions were subsequently imaged using a dual-head gamma camera for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT), and the categorization was changed according to the imaging. Result: Planar scans depicted 86 foci of 131I activity, classified as 45 neck foci and 41 distal foci. The majority of radioactive iodine uptake foci are located in the lung and bone. These foci were further divided into groups of distant metastasis, metastatic lymph node lesions, physiological activity, and thyroid remnants on SPECT/CT. 4 (7%) of the 39 foci were correctly downgraded from equivocal thyroid remnant to thyroid remnant by SPECT/CT findings, while 16 (27%) of the 39 foci were correctly downgraded from equivocal or thyroid bed remnant. More than two (3%) of the 39 foci were classified as physiological activity or salivary activity. SPECT/CT corrected 2 (3%) of the original 39 foci that were judged to be equivocal in the lymph nodes, and of these, 23 (38%) were correctly identified. The final classification included 2 physiologic activities, 17 metastatic lung lesions, and 11 metastatic bone lesions. However, in cases of bone metastases, additional properties could be achieved with SPECT/CT anatomical localization for iodine activity. Conclusion The present investigation employed SPECT/CT for ultra-fast detection of metastatic tumors with metastatic spread, screening, and efficient verification based on physiological simulation of the disease. Modification of therapeutic strategies in 26 (43%) intermediate-risk patients to high-risk patients of thyroid cancer through precise localization and characterization of iodine-131 avid foci 131I SPECT/CT shows greater value than 131I planar Whole-Body (WBS) in treatment management, in addition to being helpful for determining the radioiodine therapy dosage and for directing the surgical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: By dividing the tumour into spheres for the purpose of this study, we are investigating whether or not there is a correlation between the degree of sphericity of a target volume and the dose distribution. This relationship is assessed using the selectivity, gradient index, and Isodose Volume to Target Volume (IV/TV) ratios, as well as metrics covering coverage, selectivity, and targetvolume. While planning radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma, it is important to consider both the conformity index and the mean dose. Purpose: Covering all the tumour with radiation and reducing the effect of radiation on normal tissue and evaluation indices include selectivity, gadient Index (GI), and Paddick Conformity Index (PCI). Methods: A cross-sectional study, The sphericity degree (φ) was determined for each Target Volume (TV) of the fifty patients who had Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) performed on them in order to treat vestibular schwannoma, Calculating this parameter required developing a theoretical concept for operational sphericity, which was done and following are some of the measurements that are used in the analysis of the values that were found: Coverage (C), Selectivity (S), Gradient Index (GI), Paddick Conformity Index (CI Paddick), and Dose Distribution(IV/TV). Results: The patients included in this study, the mean age of patients was 44.54 ± 11.93 years ranging from (20–80) years and the prevalence of females in this study is 35 (70%) more than the males 15 (30 %). The prescribed dose for vestibular schwannoma patients was 12 Gy. The mean target volume is 5.367 ± 0.058 cm3, ranging from (0.079–26.497) cm3 . Conclusion: According to the findings o f t his study, t he t umour c an be separated into spheres; the first sphere o utlines t he r egular p art o f the tumour, while the second sphere outlines the irregular cancer components. For analyzing the dose distribution of a plan for the treatment of vestibular schwannoma, the degree of sphericity is an ideal parameter to employ because the reference plan is a spherical target, and with a Leksell Gamma Knife® Icon (LGKI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Bilateral breast cancer cases are classified as complex in radiotherapy treatment, especially those with the left side mastectomy and right-side lumpectomy with left side supraclavicular lymph nodes patients. The purpose of this study is to find the optimum treatment planning technique among the three available techniques: 3Dimentional conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT), Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapu (VMAT). Material and Methods: Ten Bilateral breast cancer included in this study with left-side mastectomy and right-side lumpectomy with left-side supraclavicular lymph nodes. The patients are delineated by oncologists and prepared for radiation planning by MONACO 5.1 treatment planning system (TPS) with an X-ray photon beam of 6 MV or 10 MV energy using ELEKTA's Agility linear accelerator. The prescribed dose is set at 4005 cCy per 15 fractions. Statistically with anova test among each other. Results: The treatment with 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT show a significant difference in the results. VMAT gives high dose distribution for the left mastectomy breast and its regional supraclavicular lymph nodes, while the IMRT gives a higher value for the right side breast with lumpectomy. The good homogeneity index is acquired with IMRT, while VMAT gives a better conformity index. The 3D-CRT planning technique lowers the dose to the heart and lunges better than the other techniques. Conclusion: depending on the patient health and stage, the optimum treatment planning is applied. VMAT and IMRT give effective results than the 3D-CRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Quality assurance is necessary for every IMRT plan. Octavius 4D-1500 detector phantom is one of the new phantoms for determining the treatment plan quality. This study aimed to examine the IMRT plans using the Octavius 4D-1500 to determine if it is a reliable, dependable, and durable. Material and Methods: IMRT QA conducted for 30 cases: HN and pelvis. The Monaco TPS used for treatment planning. The treatment plans were then applied to the Octavius 4D-1500 phantom (virtually and actually), the γ-index was calculated in VeriSoft program to evaluate the IMRT plans. Results: Significant differences were observed between the measured and calculated dose distributions for HN and pelvic plans, while the treatment sites did not affect the GP rate. The results of the global GP were higher than the local GP, regardless of the study criteria. The HN plans showed a more significant difference than the pelvic plans. The HN plans, a strong significant correlation was found between the total fields 'area and %GP in both global and local analyses, while in the pelvic plans, there was only a significant association with the local %GP. Conclusion: The measured dose distributions significantly different from calculated distributions. The relationship between the fields' area and %GP was inverse. In the HN plans, a significant correlation found between the total fields' area and %GP in both global and local, while only local %GP in the pelvic plans was significant correlation. Overall, the Octavius 4D-1500 detector phantom might be applicable for assessing the QA of IMRT plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nanoparticle technology, or nanotechnology is the science that studies the treatment of matter on the atomic and molecular scale. Nanotechnology deals with measurements between 1 to 100 nanometers, i.e. deals with atomic clusters ranging from five atoms to a thousand atoms. They are much smaller than bacteria and a living cell palsy.Method: In this study, it involved the production of a new technique for diagnosing infection with Brucella bacteria. This study included 45 samples of patients suffering from brucellosis (women and men), in addition to 36 samples from other Brucella. All were diagnosed Injuries by hospital medical advisory staff using various tests vitek, ELISA, API20C, Morphology, Brucella media test. The samples were examined using the new technique compared to the routine method of diagnosis. We found that the new technique gave a positive result to the samples infected with Brucella bacteria, while the rest of the samples without infection with Brucella bacteria gave a negative result.Results: It was found that the tests of Elisa and API20C, Vitek were more sensitive 100% and specialized 100% for the diagnosis of Brucella bacteria than other method morpholgy with allergic 44%and specialized 86%, Brucella mediaTest, with allergy 88 % And specialty 86%. The results of the ELISA kit test were the nano-labs (the new technique) in this study to diagnose more successful bacteria compared to normal system and more allergic and specialized because of the antigen-containing.Conclusion: The new kit use in nanotechnology is more Sensitivity and Specificity for diagnosis to the brucella, Roads routine to diagnose brucella is not effective compared with API, Vitek and ELISA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the modulation complexity scores across treatment sites, and to examine their connection with monitor unit, segment number and global and local gamma passing percentage., Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Baghdad Centre for Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, from May 2021 to February 2022. Included were 34 patients, with the age range between 20 - 50 years, subjected to intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck tumours in group A or pelvic tumours in group B. Treatment planning was done using Monaco 5.1, and radiotherapy was done using Synergy linear accelerator. Modulation complexity scores were calculated using MATLAB 2019a. Data was analysed using SPSS 24., Results: Of the 34 patients, 22(64.7%) were in group A; 12(54.5%) males and 10(45.5%) females. There were 12(35.3%) patients in group B; 8(66.7%) females and 4(33.3%) males. The number of segments was greater in group B than group A. A modest positive linear association was seen in group A, demonstrating that an increase in segment numbers resulted in a rise in modulation complexity score (R2=0.0244). Group B tumours had inverse negative linear correlation (R2=0.0189). As the complexity of plans increased in group A, local gamma passing percentage decreased (R2=0.0452). Group B showed a slight negative connection with modulation complexity score (R2=0.0622)., Conclusions: The modulation complexity score may be used to provide a simple prediction for pre-treatment verification, and it may also serve as a simple quality assurance tool for intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans.

Objective: To compare intensity-modulated radiation therapy with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy 3DCRTwith respect to dose coverage for target volume., Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Amal National Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from November 2020 to March 2021 and comprised patients with head and neck cancerous tumours. The patients underwent computed tomography scans, and were subsequently subjected to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment planning techniques on the basis of Monaco 5.1. The oncologist selected the better plan depending on evaluation parameters for each patient who was then irradiated with X-ray treatment. Data was analysed using SPSS 24., Results: There were 30 patients, 17 (57%) females and 13 (43%) males with the age range of 19-45 years. Of the total, 28 received chemotherapy and 6 patients underwent brain surgery. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy resulted in significant coverage of the tumour than the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in phase 1 (p<0.00001) and phase II (p=0.0023). The intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique achieved a lower homogeneity value (p=0.0004) and higher conformity value (p<0.00001) than three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy. In phase II, no significant homogeneity index was found between the two therapies (p=0.072). The intensity-modulated radiation therapy showed significantly better conformity compared to three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (p<0.00001)., Conclusions: The intensity-modulated radiation therapy significantly improved coverage, plan conformity, and humongous dose distribution for head and neck tumours compared to the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy 3DCRT.

Objective: To evaluate the better radiotherapy plan for pelvic tumours that may achieve a high target coverage dose and low normal tissue tolerance dose using simultaneous integrated boost-intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique., Methods: The analytical, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 at Al- Amal National Hospital for Cancer Treatment, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised male pelvic cancer patients aged 50-80 years. Computed tomography scans were randomly selected. For each patient, 4 treatment plans (phases Ι and Π) were generated using the simultaneous integrated boost-intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique while keeping all parameters constant except the number of beams, which were 5, 7, 9 and 11. The optimal and safe dose was defined as the one to cover 95% planning target volume. Homogeneity and conformity indices were used to assess the uniformity of dose distribution in the target volume, and various treatment plans in the same patient were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 24., Results: There were 15 males with mean age 67.12±2.84 years. There was a significant variance in the target volume dose and organ at risk in the 4 different plans generated using the simultaneous integrated boost-intensitymodulated radiation therapy technique (p<0.05). The 9-beam treatment plan was the best for coverage of tumours and protection of healthy organs assessed through homogeneity and conformity indices (p<0.05)., Conclusions: The 9-beam treatment plan showed significant tumour coverage, homogeneity and conformity values, and sparing dose for organs at risk.

Objective: To compare the efficiency of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy techniques., Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from February to August 2021 at Al-Amal National Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised patients aged 19-45 years with cancerous head and neck tumours of size 2-7cm. All the patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography simulation scans. Treatment planning techniques used for each patient were three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensitymodulated radiotherapy. After evaluating patterns, a better plan and treatment with an X-ray beam was chosen. Data was analysed using SPSS 24., Results: The study involved thirty participants, with 17(57%) females and 13(43%) males, aged 19-45, and 28 patients having chemotherapy. Six out of thirty had craniotomy surgery. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy had a safer radiation dose than the three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for spinal cord (p=0.3203), brain stem (p= 0.17924), right parotid gland (p=0.8556) and left parotid gland (p=0.2193). The three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy protected the organs better than intensity-modulated radiation therapy for left optic nerve (p=0.1227), right optic nerve (p=0.0032), left eye (p=0.3859), right eye (p=0.1189), left lens (p=0.0004), right lens (p=0.0001), optic chiasm (p=0.0320) and pituitary gland (p=0.9162)., Conclusions: The intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique protected the spinal cord, brain stem, and right and left parotid glands. The three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was safe for left and right optic nerves, left and right eyes, left and right lenses, optic chiasm and pituitary glands.

Objective: To measure the setup error of the patient's positioning using cone-beam computed tomography during radiation therapy treatment fractions by finding systematic, random errors and the planned target volume errors., Methods: The observational, longitudinal cohort study was conducted at the Al-Warith International Cancer Institute, Karbala, Iraq, from January to May 2022, and comprised patients with head and neck cancer who underwent radiation therapy. The oncologist delineated and the medical physicist planned. Then the medical physicist modified the positioning system using the cone beam computed tomography option workstation. The vertical value was taken in anteroposterior site, longitudinal in superoinferior, and lateral in e mediolateral. The SPSS 25 were used to analyse data., Results: Of the 31 patients, 17(54.8%) were females and 14(45.2%) were males. The overall mean age was 48.3 ± 10.22 (range: 4-77 years), and 22(70.96%) patients had been treated previously with chemotherapy. The lateral shifting inaccuracy 2.501mm was above the limit, whereas the vertical shifting 1.164mm was within acceptable limits (±2mm). The longitudinal shifting had the smallest displacement 0.436mm. Random error displayed longitudinal moving 1.965mm, lateral shifting 0.623mm and vertical shifting 0.276mm. The planned target volume margins were too wide in longitudinal shifting 3.333mm. Vertical shifting 0.481mm was greater than lateral 1.092mm, but both were within limits (±2mm)., Conclusions: Radiation-induced errors in normal tissues must be reduced by reducing planned target volume margins, especially for longitudinal and lateral directions.

Objective: To compare beam profiles of MatriXX scanning system and water phantom for different treatment parameters., Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Amal National Hospital for Cancer Treatment, Baghdad, Iraq, from November 2020 to March 2021. Beam data for 6MV and 10MV photon beams generated from the linear accelerator was utilised at field sizes 20×20cm2, 15×15 cm2, 10×10cm2 and 5×5cm2 at depth 10 and source-to-skin distance 100cm. Data was obtained for both water phantom and MatriXX system. The dose distribution for the two systems were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 24., Results: The 32 measures taken were all related to symmetry and flatness. Flatness data indicated that all measurements were within tolerance except for cross line plane variations in 10x10cm2 field size with 6MV energy (-3.81%) and 5x5cm2 field size with 10MV energy (-3.01).Symmetry data revealed all measurement differences were within tolerance., Conclusions: MatriXX system could also be used for routine photon profile measurements as a substitute for water phantom.