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The fuzzy VIsekriterijumska optimizacija i KOmpromisno Resenje (VIKOR) has been used in solving various multi-criteria decision-making problems where triangular fuzzy numbers are utilized in defining decision-makers' linguistic judgements. Most of the fuzzy VIKOR are built from linguistic variables based on fuzzy sets and its generalization such as intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Recent literature suggests that single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) can offer a better alternative particularly when fuzzy sets have some extent of limitations in handling indeterminacy and uncertainty. This paper proposes the SVNS-VIKOR where single-valued neutrosophic numbers are utilized in defining linguistic variables of VIKOR. Differently from the typical fuzzy VIKOR which directly utilizes fuzzy numbers with a single membership, the proposed method introduces three independent memberships of truth, indeterminacy and false to enhance judgments in the group decision-making environment. The obtained solutions would help policy makers in identifying the best solution that could enhance the efficiency of treating wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the highest causes of death in many countries in this modern era is cardiovascular diseases. There are a few symptoms that linked significantly to the cardiovascular diseases. The symptoms and diseases relationship can be represented by neutrosophic set values. In general, neutrosophic set gives remarkable contribution in denoising, clustering, segmentation, and classification in handling data of many real applications including in medical field. This study aims to analyse the cardiovascular disease risks by a new distance-based similarity measure motivated from intuitionistic fuzzy set theory. The proof for all the properties is presented clearly. Then, a case study is conducted by using the data on the severity level of the six symptoms found in two different patients. The neutrosophic data are analysed to determine the patients' possibility of having any one or combination of the three types of cardiovascular diseases. A comparative study involving three common distance measures is conducted. The results show that the similarity indexes for all measures of both patients are less than 0.5. This situation can further conclude as both patients are possibly not suffering from cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutrosophic set is a powerful general formal framework. A lot of studies on neutrosophic had been proposed and recently, in multi-valued interval values. However, sometimes there is problem involving elements of ambiguity and uncertainties in which the function of membership is difficult to be set in a particular case. Clearly, these problems can be solved by soft set since it is able to solve the lack of parameterization tool of theory. Thus, this paper introduces a concept of multi-valued interval neutrosophic soft set which amalgamates multi-valued interval neutrosophic set and soft set. The proposed set extends the notions of fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set, neutrosophic set, interval-valued neutrosophic set, multi-valued neutrosophic set, soft set and neutrosophic soft set. Further, we study some basic operations such as complement, equality, inclusion, union, intersection, "AND" and "OR" for multi-valued interval neutrosophic soft elements and discuss its associated properties. Moreover, the derivation of its properties, related examples and some proofs on the propositions are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the oral protein delivery potential of pH-responsive bacterial cellulosebased hydrogels, a model protein drug was efficiently loaded into the hydrogels and the release profile was investigated in a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and a simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). In this study, we will propose a mathematical approach to evaluating the performance of the hydrogels in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids. We start by using the power law to determine the type of the release in each fluid. Then, the swelling behaviour of the hydrogel will be studied and the least squares method will be developed to find a suitable mathematical function to represent the growth. Mathematical models for the release will be developed and solved to be used to find the concentration of the protein at a given time. The mathematical procedures for diffusion coefficient determination in SIF and SGF will be concluded in an algorithm at the end of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]