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Globally, chemical coagulants such as alum are employed in water treatment during coagulation and flocculation process to improve drinking water quality. This process has an effect on human health. This research was carried out to assess the potentials of a plant-based coagulant (Cyperus esculentus Pulp) as substitute for alum or as coagulation aids. The water sample from river Gorao along Minna-Bida Road in Niger State were obtained in line with the standard laboratory procedures of the American Public Health Association (APHA) for the evaluation of the efficacy of the two coagulants (Plant-based Coagulant – Cyperus esculentus) and Aluminium Sulphate (Alum). Jar Test was done for some turbidity range. The results showed Turbidity and Colour removal efficiencies of 80.47% and 55.37% respectively. The Water Quality Index (WQI) shows that Cyperus esculentus produces good quality water (grade B) with WQI of 44.5. Recommendations arising from this study includes that further investigation should be carried out on other potential plant-based coagulants. Yellow variety of Cyperus esculentus should be investigated for its coagulation potentials and the use of Cyperus esculentus as coagulant is recommended as coagulant aid for reduction of turbidity in water. &nbsp

This study examined the barriers to use of information technology (IT) in science education at the Yanbu school district in Saudi Arabia. Sub-domains investigated included: infrastructure and resources, policy and support, science teachers’ personal beliefs, and staff development. This chapter is using a survey which shows common barriers encountered by the science teachers were identified. Demographic data enabled description of science teachers based on similarities and differences of gender, location of the school, training, years of teaching experience, and age. Science teachers rated the barriers limiting their use of technology in teaching on a scale ranging from 0 (does not limit) to 3 (greatly limits). We present results which showed that all four domains were highly significant barriers: infrastructure and resources (M = 2.06, p

Context: Heart failure (HF) is defined as a clinical syndrome that is caused by mal-structural and malfunctional changes in the myocardium resulting in an impairment of ventricular filling or the ejection fraction. There are many causes of HF such as reduced ventricular function, ischemia related malfunction, and hemodynamic overload. HF is mostly clinically diagnosed and classified, but laboratory markers help in confirming the diagnosis. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1985, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: heart failure, ventricular dysfunction, classification of heart failure, clinical evaluation, diagnosis of heart failure, management of heart failure Aim: In this review, we aim to study the classification, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of heart failure. We will also study the appropriate methods of diagnosis and management. Conclusion: Heart failure is a complicated disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries. The pathophysiology behind it is various. A standardized medical therapy has been successful in the early stages of HF. The management is different according to the presented symptoms and the advanced stages of HF require frequent hospitalization due to the presence of severe HF and or associated co-morbid condition. The management plan differs whether the patient is in admission or in outpatient settings. Keywords: heart failure, cardiac emergencies, management of hear failure