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Hypothyroidism is a common disorder of the thyroid gland in which the gland cannot compete with the body requirement of the thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Hypothyroidism is classified into overt (OH) and subclinical (SbH), in which the first comprises the cases that have elevated levels of thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) and reduced levels of T4 while the second comprises the cases with elevated TSH but normal T4 levels. The goal of the present study is to investigate the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and some minerals (calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) in patients with SbH and OH. For this purpose, 80 patients from Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital were enrolled in the study half of them were diagnosed with OH and the other half were diagnosed with SbH. The study has been controlled with 40 healthy people of comparable age and all of the three groups were contained 50% males and females. The anthropometric examination of subjects has revealed that the body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHpR) were significantly (p

In this work, the study of Hylocereus undatus properties was done by studying quantitative phytochemical compounds and seeking for total phenolic compounds, synthesis of gold nanoparticles was created via reduction of aqueous gold ions with the aqueous fruit extract of The Hylocereus undatus (dragon). The synthesized AuNPs were asserted by using (Uv-Vis) spectrophotometer; Fourier transforms infrared (FI-IR) spectroscopy, Atomic force microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Zitasizer. The absorbance for SPR is noticed in 546 nm by using Uv-Visible spectroscopy The SEM and AFM analysis evidenced the particle size between 35-100nm, and spherical in structure. Mechanisms of AuNPs synthesis had been suggested and free radical scavenging activity was examined quantitatively by thin-layer chromatography and quantitatively by DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picsylhydrazyl) assay. The biosynthesized AuNPs showed much higher antioxidant activity compared to The Hylocereus Undatus fruit extract alone. The toxicity of the nanoparticles and extract was examined by giving all of them at dose 50mg\b.w orally to mice and the diagnosis of the result of pathological changes, which showed that both extracts are simple toxicity. So, the results confirmed that the fruit extract was a good bio reductant for the synthesis of AuNPs. Which can be applied as good agents for antibacterial applications and Anti-inflammatory and it could be helpful for the preparation of pharmacologically useful drugs.

Obesity is a chronic disease renowned as a global epidemic. Prevalence of obesity proceeded as highly elevated to almost two-thirds of the world population, including Iraq. One of the major reasons of overweight and obesity is increasing food intake. Obese people are often suffering from chronic inflammatory state due to a variation in immune efficiency in the adipose tissue. Our research aims to assess the ferritin and hepcidin level in obese women with and without hypertensive. Eighty of obese women were participants as volunteers, as well as, 40 subjects as healthy control. Based on Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR) and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHpR). Participants were divided into two categories, the: first with BMI ≥ 18.5-25 kg/m2 as non-obese (control) and the, second with BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 as obese subjects. The studied parameters showed the following results: A significant elevation in TG, LDL, VLDL, glucose, AST, ALT, calcium, Creatinine, Uric acid, Urea, ferritin and hepcidin in obese (for both obese women and hypertensive obese women) compared with control group, while a significant decrease was noticed in HDL level in obese group as compared with control group. This study improved that ferritin and hepcidin can be considered as good markers to monitoring obesity, showing a high increase with increasing BMI.

Noble metal nanoparticles were synthesized directly by pulsed laser ablation (Nd:YAG, λ=1064 nm) of gold and silver plates immersed in pure water. Concentrations of the nanoparticles were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy measurement. Atomic force microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis were used to characterize the size and size distributions of the metals nanoparticles. The objective of this work is studying the effects of presence gold and silver nanoparticles on the levels of tri-iodothyronine hormone (T3) in saliva of patients with chronic renal failure their thyroid had disorder (hypothyroidism). Also the study characterized the binding between the anti-T3antibody with its antigen i.e., T3 in saliva patients in the presence affixed size concentration of nanoparticles to improve and modify a competitive ELISA method. It is found that both gold and silver nanoparticles demonstrated activation effect on the binding between anti-T3 antibody and antigen (T3) in the saliva of patients and these effects increased with increasing the concentrations and size for both nanoparticles (gold was more activation effect than silver). Optimization of experimental conditions for the binding in the saliva were: 40 μL and 20 μL of saliva (T3) in presence both silver and gold nanoparticle, respectively, pH = 7.4 of 0.2 M phosphate buffer was selected as the detection solution, the temperature of incubation was 22 °C while the incubation time were 30 min, 90 min for silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively.

Natural plant Dandelion Taraxacum officinale have been used as a phytomedicine, in this study, the chemical components of the Dandelion Taraxacum officinale leaves in watery and alcoholic extracts were identified. The results showed that watery extract was alkaline (presence of alkaloids) while the alcoholic extract was acidic in these contained: glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and proteins, while the saponins and resins were not found. The result also showed that high concentrations of the following trace elements were found in the leaves (K ,Ca , Na ,Fe) with 185.1, 22, 19.5, 11.2 ppm, respectively and low concentrations of (Zn, Cd, Cu) with 6.3, 1.3, 0.2 ppm, respectively. The effect of these extracts on the different microorganisms were studied. It has been found that the concentration 0.5 mg/ml was effective on the inhibition of the growth of the intended bacteria (for both extracts) especially Gram positive, Staphylococcus aureus and the alcoholic extracts with concentration 0.5 mg/ml was more effective on the Gram negative, E.coli, than the watery extract, while less than 0.1 mg/ml failed to inhibit any microorganisms. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify some flavonoids as compared to standard one; the analysis showed that both kaempferol and morin were absent. Keyword: Dandelion Taraxacum officinale, Plant extraction, Trace elements, HPLC.