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Plant diversity in southern Yemen is crucial for maintaining rangeland ecosystem functions. This diversity contributes to the resilience of local pastoral communities, by providing essential forage and resources. However, high stocking density has led to the overuse of palatable species, resulting in increased competition for forage. This study evaluates the nutritional value of 25 indigenous forage species from the natural rangelands of Lahij Governorate. Significant variations were observed among the Forage species, with moisture content ranging from 4 to 39.6%, crude protein from 5.5 to 21.4%, non-fiber carbohydrates from 31.8 to 66.4%, crude fiber from 8.3 to 42.65%, and ash content from 9.2 to 34.6%. Clitoria ternatea, Lycium barbarum, Senegalia mellifera, Vigna sinensis, Albizia lebbeck, and Acacia trees with crude protein content higher than 16% showed substantial potential as livestock feed due to their favorable proximate compositions. Incorporating these high-potential species into regular livestock diets could significantly enhance the sustainability and productivity of pastoral systems in southern Yemen, addressing the current fodder shortage.

Jaundice is a well-known condition that is commonly encountered during daily clinical practice. However, recurrent episodes of jaundice in which the unconjugated bilirubin is predominant without evidence of hemolysis have very restricted differential diagnoses, the most common of which is Gilbert’s syndrome (GS). Here, we reported a case of GS in a young adult in whom the recurrent attacks of jaundice were triggered by stressful situations. GS is a benign inherited condition that does not lead to liver cell injury; hence reassurance and avoidance of the triggering factors including a wide list of medications represent the cornerstones for the management of this condition.

Abstract Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are extremely common in females in Saudi Arabia and are highly prevalent in pregnancy. The Saudi MOH Mother Health Passport recommends that pregnant women undergo testing for complete blood count and ferritin in every trimester. The purpose of this study was to describe practices of screening pregnant women for ID or IDA during pregnancy and to identify the prevalence of anemia and IDA. The inclusion criteria were all patients who had at least 2 antenatal visits in the same center and 336 women were included. It was noted that 591 (51.5%) hemoglobin tests were performed during pregnancy, a 50% gap in comparison with MOH recommendations of measuring Hb in every trimester. The overall prevalence of anemia was 28.6%, 12.2% in the first trimester, 37.2% in the second trimester, and 36.3% in the third trimester. Ferritin was measured in less than 5% of patients, and most women had ferritin levels below 15 ng/ml. Screening practices for IDA and ID among pregnant women are suboptimal, and the prevalence of both entities is substantial. The development of detailed national guidelines for screening and managing ID and IDA in pregnancy is recommended.

Objective: The human gut microbiota is crucial to maintaining health and preventing diseases. The general population‘s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding microbiota composition and the factors affecting it remain poorly understood in Saudi Arabia. The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the general population in the Jazan Province of Saudi Arabia regarding the gut microbiota and its main influencing factors. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing a validated self-administered online questionnaire to collect data from participants aged 18 years and older. The study population excluded nonresidents of the Jazan region, individuals below 18, and those who declined to participate. Nonrandomized convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from the Jazan Province, targeting the general population. Results: One thousand one hundred twenty-six participants completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 93%. Most participants (50.4%) had average microbiota knowledge, 14.7% demonstrated good understanding, and 34.9% had poor knowledge. Regarding probiotics, the findings indicated that 76.4% of participants exhibited insufficient knowledge, 21.1% had average knowledge, and 2.5% displayed good knowledge. Most participants (65.7%) held a neutral attitude toward antibiotics and probiotics. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant gap in understanding probiotics among the general population in the Jazan Region. Comprehensive education and awareness campaigns are urgently needed to promote a better understanding of microbiota composition, its significance for health, and the potential benefits of probiotics. Effective public health initiatives should be developed to provide accurate and up-to-date probiotic information, fostering positive health outcomes. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 773-781]

The effects of dietary supplementation with Rumex nervosus leaves (RNL) on fatty acid (FAs) indices, organoleptic evaluation, performance index, and feed efficiency were investigated. This study consists of five treatments. Broilers in treatments 1–4 received basal feed plus RNL at doses of 0, 1, 3, and 5 g/kg, while broilers in treatment 5 received basal feed plus the antibiotic Colimex. On day 34, FAs profile and organoleptic assessment were evaluated, and performance index and feed efficiency were determined for the entire experimental period. Results showed that FAs profile of the breast meat was affected by treatments with varying degrees (p˂0.05). The 1 g RNL resulted in the highest eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid, which resulted in the highest meat lipid quality, the highest elongation index, improved organoleptic characteristics, and tended to improve performance index, feed efficiency, and nutritional index. The 5 g RNL treatment reduced total saturated fatty acids (ƩSFAs), omega-6/omega-3 ratio, especially linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid ratio, alanine aminotransferase, and increased total omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturation index, and Δ9-desaturase. In conclusion, RNL can be introduced to broiler diets, especially at an incorporation rate of 1 g, and it promotes broiler health and performance because it contains phytoconstituents that can alter the content and indices of FAs meat and improve storability and sensory quality.

Systemic plant protection products, such as neonicotinoids (NIs), are capable of being translocated throughout a plant. Although NIs are less toxic to mammals, fish, and birds, their impact on microbial and non-target insects is of concern. This study investigates the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of the NI, imidacloprid (IMI), in romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longipolia). Exposing 15-day-old seedlings to “10 mg/L” of IMI, the effects on microbial communities in both cultivated (CS) and non-cultivated soil (NCS) were studied along with IMI translocation within plant tissues. The concentrations of IMI in soil varied temporally and between soil types after initial application, with a decrease from 2.0 and 7.7 mg/kg on the first day of sampling to 0.5 and 2.6 mg/kg on the final sampling day (day 35) for CS and NCS, respectively. The half-life of IMI soil was 10.7 and 72.5 days in CS and NCS, respectively, indicating that IMI degraded more quickly in CS, possibly due to smaller grain size, aeration, microbial degradation, and water flow. The accumulated concentrations of IMI in lettuce tissues ranged from 12.4 ± 0.2 and 18.7± 0.9 mg/kg in CS and NCS, respectively. The highest concentration of IMI was found in the shoots, followed by the roots, whereas the soil showed the lowest IMI residuals at the end of the trial. Soil bacteria and fungi were altered by the application of IMI, with a lower abundance index within the bacterial community, indicating a negative impact on the distribution of bacteria in the soil.

The main motivation for the study of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) integrated into the electrical power system (EPS) is the electrical utilities' concern with eliminating Power Quality (PQ) issues and greenhouse gas emissions. This article aims to provide a thorough analysis of the SMES interface, which is crucial to the EPS. This article also discusses the development of SMES as a reliable energy storage system (ESS). Delivering outstanding performance to support the EPS in any upsetting scenario can help SMES achieve its goals. A few of the fascinating aspects of the application of SMES in this context are microgrids, transmission and distribution (T&D) grids, renewable energy sources (RES), and plug-in hybrid energy storage systems (HESS). However, power utilities must evaluate the effectiveness and enhance a better performance on PQ when presenting a highly efficient energy technology. This article examines the difficulties of integrating SMES into the electricity network as well as the performance effects of HESS and RES. Finally, by outlining the current state of knowledge and highlighting any gaps in the literature, the power protection strategies and difficulties for power networks using SMES are evaluated.

In this study, the polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were established by surface modification using C, N codoped-TiO2/WO3 (LTW) photocatalytic nanocomposite to amelioration of the membrane performance in terms of antifouling and self-cleaning properties. The nanocomposite membranes were characterized by ATR-FTIR, SEM, AFM, and water contact angle (WCA). The photocatalytic membranes' performance was evaluated using assessment of the pure water flux (PWF), antifouling behavior, photoactivity, and long-term filtration. The membrane modification improved morphology and hydrophilicity of the membranes surface, contributing to the enhanced permeability (PWF of 49.65 kg/m2.h), and substantial antifouling property (FRR of 96.96 %) as well as photoactivity (94.36 % dye removal) of the optimal photocatalytic membrane (M3 membrane). The long-term filtration of the optimal membrane represented its high performance and noteworthy antifouling resistance.

Providing green methods for the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds with biological properties is interesting for scientists. Through the multi-component reaction of aldehyde derivatives, methyl 2-cyanoacetate, and phenylhydrazine using K2CO3, and glycerol as a deep eutectic solvent, new derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile were synthesized. Biological evaluation of the synthesized 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives, including antioxidant activity on DPPH free radical and antimicrobial activity on a wide range of Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacterial, and fungal species, was done. In the antioxidant activity, IC50 value, and in the antimicrobial activity, IZD, MIC, MFC, and MBC parameters were assessed. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives showed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity and, in examining the results, a good relationship between the structure and biological activity of the 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives were found.

Offshore installations, e.g., offshore wind turbines and pipelines, are exposed to various mechanical loads due to wind or waves and corrosive loads such as seawater or mist. ZnAl-based thermal sprayed coatings, often in conjunction with organic coatings, provide sufficient corrosion protection and are well established for applications in marine environments. In this study, machine hammer peening (MHP) is applied after twin wire arc spraying to improve corrosion fatigue behavior through increased hardness, reduced porosity, and roughness compared to as-sprayed coatings. Mn-alloyed structural steel S355 J2 + C with and without ZnAl4 coating as well as with MHP post-treated ZnAl4 coating were cyclically loaded in 3.5% NaCl solution. MHP leads to a uniform coating thickness with lower porosity and roughness. ZnAl4 coating and MHP post-treatment improved corrosion fatigue behavior in the high cycle fatigue regime with an increase of the stress amplitude, applied to reach a number of cycles 1.2 × 106, up to 115% compared to sandblasted specimens. Corrosive attack of the substrate steel was successfully avoided by using the coating systems. Stress- and microstructure-dependent corrosion fatigue damage mechanisms were evaluated by mechanical and electrochemical measurement techniques.

We would like to extend our sincere thanks to us beloved parents who were the source of our inspiration and strength, who gave us all their giving and their continuous moral, spiritual, emotional and financial support for us whatever we say and do we will not fulfill their full right so thank you until the pens dry and the newspapers are full. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing is considered a key Internet technology. Cloud providers offer services through the Internet, such as infrastructure, platforms, and software. The scheduling process of cloud providers’ tasks concerns allocating clients’ tasks to providers’ resources. Several mechanisms have been developed for task scheduling in cloud computing. Still, these mechanisms need to be optimized for execution time and makespan. This paper presents a new task-scheduling mechanism based on Discrete Prey–Predator to optimize the task-scheduling process in the cloud environment. The proposed Discrete Prey–Predator mechanism assigns each scheduling solution survival values. The proposed mechanism denotes the prey’s maximum surviving value and the predator’s minimum surviving value. The proposed Discrete Prey–Predator mechanism aims to minimize the execution time of tasks in cloud computing. This paper makes a significant contribution to the field of cloud task scheduling by introducing a new mechanism based on the Discrete Prey–Predator algorithm. The Discrete Prey–Predator mechanism presents distinct advantages, including optimized task execution, as the mechanism is purpose-built to optimize task execution times in cloud computing, improving overall system efficiency and resource utilization. Moreover, the proposed mechanism introduces a survival-value-based approach, as the mechanism introduces a unique approach for assigning survival values to scheduling solutions, differentiating between the prey’s maximum surviving value and the predator’s minimum surviving value. This improvement enhances decision-making precision in task allocation. To evaluate the proposed mechanism, simulations using the CloudSim simulator were conducted. The experiment phase considered different scenarios for testing the proposed mechanism in different states. The simulation results revealed that the proposed Discrete Prey–Predator mechanism has shorter execution times than the firefly algorithm. The average of the five execution times of the Discrete Prey–Predator mechanism was 270.97 s, while the average of the five execution times of the firefly algorithm was 315.10 s.

Background: There is limited information about acute bronchiolitis (AB) in the United Arab Emirates. The study aims to describe incidents, hospitalizations, and seasonal variation of AB among children less than 2 years. Methods: The retrospective data were collected for children ≤24 months who were admitted in the University Hospital Sharjah with AB from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. Demographic characteristics, vital signs, management, admission data, cases seasonality, maternity history, and co-infections related to the cases were analyzed. Results: A total of 2496 AB cases were reported. Males and children more than 6 months were more infected than females and infants ≤ 6 month. Most of the cases were from emergency room, discharged within the same day and delivered by normal vaginal delivery. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the commonest cause of AB. Other etiological agents included influenza viruses, adenoviruses, Streptococcus spp., and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The seasonal variation peak of AB for the 2 years was found in the Autumn months, with a small peak reported in the beginning of Spring months. The number of AB cases in 2019 was greater than that in 2018. Conclusion: AB is a common reason for hospitalization among males and children more than 6 months during the Autumn season. RSV is the common responsible virus for hospital admissions and morbidity. Our results may guide effort toward healthcare provision and implementation of AB prevention.

Heba J Sabbagh,1 Jihan M Turkistani,2 Hadeel A Alotaibi,3 Abrar S Alsolami,3 Waad E Alsulami,4 Areej A Abdulgader,5 Sara M Bagher1 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Restorative Dentistry, Princess Noura University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Heba J SabbaghDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaTel +96655668481Email hsabbagh@kau.edu.saBackground: Parental preferences and attitudes strongly influence dentists’ choices for managing children’s behavior in clinics. This study aimed to assess parental attitudes toward two behavior management technique (BMTs)—nitrous oxide (N2O) sedation and/or protective passive stabilization by papoose board (PB)—before and after their children received dental treatment at two referral centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Methods: Participants were parents of healthy children who required dental treatment under N2O and/or PB over an 18-month period. Before and after dental treatment, parents answered a questionnaire on their attitudes toward BMTs used on their children. Parents were divided into three groups: Group 1 (parents of children who received N2O), Group 2 (parents of children who received PB), and Group 3 (parents of children who received both N2O and PB).Results: Out of the 132 parents who answered the questionnaire, 106 (80.3%) were in Group 1, 10 (7.6%) in Group 2, and 16 (12.1%) in Group 3. More children of parents with low monthly family incomes were in Group 3 than Group 1 compared to other family-incomes.Conclusion: Parental attitudes toward N2O and/or PB improved after their children experienced BMTs. The future use of PB alone with their child’s sibling was parents’ least preferred BMT (p = 0.001).Keywords: attitude, nitrous oxide, papoose board, protective stabilization, sedation