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Sheep milk production is a complex process that is influenced by various factors. This study aims to investigate how the litter size (single vs. twins), birth type (male vs. female), age of the ewes and body weight affect the milk composition and fatty acid profile of milk fat. Milk samples were collected from 119 Najdi ewes that were the subject of this study. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MASS) was used to quantify the fatty acids (FAs). The results showed that the twins birth type (female/female) has a significant influence (P

Introduction: Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a crucial component of the healthcare system that demands adherence to standards to avoid and reduce the risk of infectious diseases spreading among patients, staff members, and visitors to healthcare institutions. The aim of this study was to assess IPC knowledge among undergraduate health sciences students and to identify the critical IPC components that need to be addressed. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 235 final-year health science students at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), involving five faculties: the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Health Science. A 45-item questionnaire was used to collect participants’ sociodemographics (5 items) and explore their knowledge about IPC across six aspects (40 items). A score of > 24 (62%) indicates satisfactory knowledge. Results: The majority of the participants were female (74.9%), and 34% were from the Faculty of Pharmacy. Medicine students had the highest level of IPC knowledge with a mean score of 29.3 (n = 52), which was significantly different from Allied Health Science students (M = 25.6, n =55, p < 0.001). Other faculties students had similar IPC knowledge with no significant differences (Pharmacy: M = 27.5, n = 80; Nursing: M = 27.4, n = 29; Dentistry: M = 27.2, n = 19). IPC components that need to be improved are knowledge about sharp disposals and sharp injuries, as well as respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette. Conclusion: IPC knowledge was adequate among health science students at IIUM, although certain IPC components still require improvement. Additional IPC educational materials and workshops should be added to all faculties' syllabi to address this issue.

IntroductionBurnout, resilience, and thriving significantly impact academics, particularly in health professions, where responsibilities are extensive. This study aimed to explore these constructs among academic health professionals, examining sociodemographic and work-related factors influencing these outcomes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among academic health professionals via web-based professional networks from August 2022 to February 2023. Validated tools were used, and descriptive and inferential statistics were applied.Results505 participants were included, predominantly female (63%), with a mean age of 38.15 ± 9.6 years. High burnout was reported by 10.9%, 13.7% experienced exhaustion, and 6.3% were disengaged. Resilience and thriving were moderate at 59.2 and 51.9%, respectively. Age correlated negatively with burnout (r = −0.131, p = 0.003) but positively with resilience (r = 0.178, p

This study investigates how reframing strategies and linguistic aspects are employed to legitimize and normalize ideologically loaded narratives introduced by the Yemeni internationally recognized government (YIRG), with a particular focus on the impact of dominant ideologies and the translator's political and social affiliations on the target texts. Combining frameworks from different fields, the study draws upon Baker's (2006) narrative theory and Jeffrie's (2010) model of critical stylistics to provide a comprehensive understanding of the translation process and its management during conflict. Analyzing English-language materials translated into Arabic, the study utilizes source English materials, including news, reports, and opinions, from Western media outlets. The corresponding Arabic translations are drawn from media belonging to the YIRG. The study concludes that the YIRG's dominant ideology significantly constrains the political translation process during the conflict. This ideology is reflected in the reframing of narratives to align with the adopted ideology, encompassing the repositioning and labeling of participants according to the prevailing ideology. Moreover, textual choices, grammatical and semantic, influence the translator's representation of events, word choice, and pragmatic references to the opposing party through deictic expressions.

Background: Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for hospitalized children. However, only a limited number of studies have evaluated antibiotic use in this population. The current work assessed the indication, prescribing pattern and appropriateness of antibiotics among pediatric inpatients. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the pediatric wards of a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Electronic charts of inpatients (≤12 years old) admitted in 2019 were reviewed. Antibiotic indication, selection, dosing regimen, route of administration and duration of treatment were evaluated using the national antibiotic guidelines (NAG). A binomial logistic regression was applied to test potential predictors of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing (IAP) incidence. Results: Out of 702 pediatric inpatients, 292 (41.6%) patients were given antibiotics and met the inclusion criteria. More than half of the patients (57.9%) were males, with a median age of 2.5 years. A total of 385 and 285 antibiotics were prescribed during hospitalization and at discharge, respectively. Azithromycin, co-amoxiclav and cefuroxime were the top three prescribed agents. Out of 670 prescriptions, IAP was identified in 187 (28%) prescriptions that were issued for 169 (57.9%) out of the 292 patients included in the study. Improper antibiotic selection, wrong dose and unnecessary antibiotic prescribing accounted for 41%, 34% and 10% of the identified IAP, respectively. Giving lower-than-recommended doses (28%) was more prevalent than prescribing higher doses (5%). The use of two antibiotics and treating upper respiratory tract infections were independent risk factors for IAP incidence. Conclusions: Prescribers did not adhere to the NAG in more than one quarter of the prescriptions. This may increase the risk of treatment failure, adverse drug reactions and the development of antibiotic resistance.

سعى البحث إلى تحديد تأثير عوامل النجاح الاستراتيجي في صياغة استراتيجية العمليات، وتمثلت مشكلة البحث في صياغة أسئلة تهدف إلى اختبار العلاقات التأثيرية بين متغيرات البحث. وقد صاغ الباحثان مخطط البحث الفرضي الذي يسهم في الوقوف على طبيعة علاقات الارتباط والتأثير القائمة بين متغيراتها المتمثلة بعوامل النجاح الاستراتيجي كمتغير مستقل ودوره في صياغة استراتيجية العمليات كمتغير معتمد. واختيرت الشركات الصناعية المتوسطة في محافظة نينوى مجتمعاً لتطبيق الجانب الميداني من البحث، وتم اختيار (60) مديراً منها لاستقصاء آرائهم فيما يتعلق بالاستبانة. اعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في جمع البيانات الخاصة بمتغيرات البحث، وتم تصميم استبانة البحث اعتماداً على الدراسات السابقة، ووزعت على عينة قصدية من مديري الشركات الصناعية المبحوثة، وجرى تحليل البيانات المتحصل عليها والمعبرة عن مواقف المستجيبين باستخدام مجموعة من الأساليب الإحصائية وفق البرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS V26)، للحصول على الأوساط الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية ونسب الاستجابة وعلاقات الارتباط والتأثير. وأكدت النتائج دعماً واثباتاً لفروضها وايجابية أهدافها وسريان مخططها، وجاء التحقق الميداني متناسقاً مع الأهداف النظرية، ووجود علاقات تأثير بين متغيرات البحث وأبعادها. والتي تُشير أبرزها بأن هناك تأثير ذات دلالة معنوية لأبعاد النجاح الإستراتيجي في صياغة استراتيجية العمليات.

This work deals with the effect of adding aluminum nanoparticles on the mechanical properties, micro-hardness and porosity of memory-shape alloys (Cu-Al-Ni). These alloys have wide applications in various industrial fields such as (high damping compounds and self-lubricating applications). The samples are manufactured using the powder metallurgy method, which involved pressing in only one direction and sintered in a furnace surrounded by an inert gas. Four percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of aluminum nanoparticles were fabricated, which depended on the weight of aluminum powder (13%) in the sample under study. To find out which phase is responsible for the reliability of the formation of this type of alloy and its porosity, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests are used. The Vickers micro-hardness and porosity properties of these alloys were studied using a Vickers micro-hardness and porosity tester according to ASTM b328-1996. The results showed that increasing the concentration of aluminum nanoparticles in the alloy led to an increase in hardness with a decrease in the porosity, and the sample (15%) gave the best hardness (190.8 HV). The sample (0%) gave the highest porosity (19.573) %.

Introduction: Medication wastage is attributable to various factors, including therapeutic failure, over-prescription, and poor compliance. Data regarding the cost and types of returned medications are essential to estimate the financial burden that can be reduced locally through targeted intervention. This study aimed to investigate the types and cost of medications returned by outpatients at a teaching hospital in Kuantan, Pahang. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from the electronic medical record based on the list of returned medications at the outpatient pharmacy department at Sultan Ahmad Shah medical Centre (SASMEC)@IIUM between January and December 2021. All medications with SASMEC patients' label were included. The medications were classified according to the classification index based on the British National Formulary. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel version 16.52. The cost associated with returned medications was calculated, referring to the latest cost price of the respective medications. Results: A total of 134 patients returned their medications in 2021 (mean ± SD age: 63 ± 13 years), with 52% females. The total quantities of returned medications were 11,054 units. These included pills, devices (inhalers, insulin pens), bottles, and plastic containers. The overall cost of these medications was Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 13,594.90 (mean per patient: RM 101.45). The highest number of returned medications was from the cardiovascular group (32.5%), followed by the endocrine group (26%) and musculoskeletal group (11.9%). The highest cost for returned medications was the endocrine group (49%), followed by the cardiovascular group (20%) and the musculoskeletal group (10%). Conclusion: Medications used for cardiovascular diseases were the most frequently returned at outpatient pharmacy, whereas those for endocrine diseases contributed to the highest cost. Future research could focus on identifying modifiable factors that can contribute to the sustainability of health resources by reducing the cost of returned medications.

Background: Public knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use play a vital role in the success of controlling antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to assess the public’s knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) towards antibiotic use in Kuantan, Malaysia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the general public above 18 years old. The data was collected in public places using a pre-validated questionnaire. Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for statistical analyses. Results: Out of 410 participants who answered the questionnaire, 229 (55.9%) of them were female and 288 (70.3%) had a college/university degree. It was found that 258 participants (62.9%) have good knowledge and 306 of them (74.6%) have positive attitude towards antibiotic use. However, 160 respondents (39%) believe that antibiotics can kill viruses and 183 respondents (44.6%) stated that they would ask the doctor to give them antibiotics in case they have common cold symptoms. Having a good knowledge was significantly related to the age (P=0.005), employment status (P

Sheep milk production is a complex process that is influenced by various factors. This study aims to investigate how the litter size (single vs. twins), birth type (male vs. female), age of the ewes and body weight affect the milk composition and fatty acid profile of milk fat. Milk samples were collected from 119 Najdi ewes that were the subject of this study. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MASS) was used to quantify the fatty acids (FAs). The results showed that the twins birth type (female/female) has a significant influence (P < 0.05) on the concentration of linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), behenic acid (C22:0) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). On the other hand, saturated fatty acids (SFA), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:4; DHA), and odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA), such as C15:0-antiso and C19:1-cis 10, increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing age and body weight of the ewes, while the ALA and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a positive association between the age and the OCFA, ALA and small-chain fatty acids (C6:0 and C8:0). In addition, the type of birth showed a positive association with the fat, lactose and palmitoleic acid C16:1 cis9. Conversely, there is a negative association between the UFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and PUFA. In addition, the body weight (BW) and litter size were negatively associated with the protein, SFA and medium-chain fatty acids (C10:0, C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0). The physiological factors generally suggested that the milk quality and essential FA, such as ALA, were influenced by the type of the lamb’s birth and the age of the ewes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

يهدف البحث إلى معرفة فاعلية استراتيجية ترشيح الأفكار في تحصيل مادة التأريخ لدى طالبات الصف الرابع الأدبي. ولتحقيق هدف البحث استعملت التصميم التجريبي ذا المجموعتين المتكافئتين (التجريبية والضابطة)، إذ جرى اختيار شعبتي (أ، ب) عشوائيا كعينة للبحث من طالبات الصف الرابع الأدبي في اعدادية الاماني للبنات التي اختيرت عشوائيا، وجرى تكافؤ المجموعتين في متغيرات (العمر بالأشهر، الذكاء، درجات الطالبات للفصل الاول) و جرى حساب t-testوكانت النتائج غير دالة إحصائيا، تألفت عينة البحث من (60) طالبة، (30) طالبة في المجموعة التجريبية و(30) في المجموعة الضابطة، درست طالبات المجموعتين كتاب التأريخ للصف الرابع الأدبي لمدة اثنى عشر أسبوعا بواقع حصتين أسبوعيا ، ودرست طالبات المجموعة التجريبية باستخدام استراتيجية ترشيح الافكار ودرست طالبات المجموعة الضابطة بالطريقة الاعتيادية، اعدت الباحثة اختبار التحصيل، وجرى التحقق من صدقهما وثباتهما وتطبيقهما بعد نهاية التجربة، وجرى استخدام البرنامج الإحصائي SPSS لحساب t-test، معامل صعوبة الفقرات ، ومعامل ألفا كرونباخ ، وقد أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية وبين متوسطات درجات الاختبار في مادة التأريخ بين طالبات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة ولصالح طالبات المجموعة التجريبية. في ضوء النتائج استنتجت أثر استراتيجية ترشيح الأفكار في تحصيل التأريخ لطالبات الصف الرابع الأدبي، وخرجت بعدة توصيات منها استخدام استراتيجية ترشيح الافكار في التدريس وتدريب المعلمين على استخدامها، واقترح استكمالا للبحث الحالي استخدام الاستراتيجية في مراحل دراسية أخرى ومع متغيرات أخرى.

Due to the increasing demand for communications services, particularly the application of broadband multimedia services, it has become necessary to search for easy, low cost and reliable communications with information security. Communications via power lines PLC have become an attractive environment for communications services because of the power grid covering large areas of the world. This research will discusses the most important factors affecting the efficiency of PLC systems, and will focus more on distance between modems and change in load within the network. A set of modems has been connected to the local area network LAN, performing the tests at different distances, then switching the load and observing changes in system efficiency. The practical results have shown that the long distance had a negative effect, also the change in load has a significant negative impact on the rate of transfer of information and efficiency, as described later in the practical section. Therefore requires further practical research and full knowledge of other challenges that currently limit their widespread commercially PLC application

Abstract Background The awareness of symptoms and action towards heart attack and stroke is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among lay public in Malaysia. The questionnaire was developed in both English and Bahasa Melayu. Methods Primarily the questions were generated in English. Face and content validity were performed by five experts in Pharmacy Practice and Medicine. A translation as per guidelines into Malay language was performed; followed by face-to-face interview of 96 lay public in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. For internal consistency, reliability was assessed utilizing Cronbach’s alpha. Results The mean ± SD of the awareness and action towards heart attack symptoms and risk factors was 65.52 ± 6.3, with a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75), whereas the mean of the awareness and action towards stroke symptoms and risk factors was 61.93 ± 7.11, with an accepted internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86). Conclusion The current validation research showed that the developed questionnaire is valid and reliable for assessing the awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among lay public in Malaysia.

Due to the increased development in technique of data transfer over internet and transmission media, the access and copy to these data in unathentical manner became a big challenge in the transmission media. This challenge led to make effort in digital multimedia security. In this paper a new algorithm is proposed to protect image from unauthentication access using watermarking. The watermarking algorithm hide the mark image in frequency domain using Discrete Cosine Transform and extract it at the receiver from the transmitted image without need for origin image. The basic principle of the algorithm is depend on spread spectrum communications. The spread spectrum depend on transmit a narrow band signal over a much larger bandwidth where that the signal energy is undetectable. Similarly, the watermark image bits are spread by a large factor called chip-rate so that it is imperceptible and arrange in cover image in away where if the half of the watermarked image is cropped, the watermark image is not affected. The proposed algorithm efficiency is measured by using many of measurement factors such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio PSNR and Normalized Correlation Coefficient NC, the watermark robustness and feasibility are measured by using many types of attacks.

With the increased development in digital media and communication, the need for methods to protection and security became very important factor, where the exchange and transmit date over communication channel led to make effort to protect these data from unauthentication access. This paper present a new method to protect color image from unauthentication access using watermarking. The watermarking algorithm hide the encoded mark image in frequency domain using Discrete Cosine Transform. The main principle of the algorithm is encode frequent mark in cover color image. The watermark image bits are spread by repeat the mark and arrange in encoded method that provide algorithm more robustness and security. The proposed algorithm efficiency is measured by using many of measurement factors such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio PSNR and Normalized Correlation Coefficient NC, the watermark robustness and feasibility are measured by using many types of attacks.

Most patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) have frequent relapses (FR); this is considered one of the main problems because of its association with a high incidence of complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the different factors that might be associated with the occurrence of relapse in SSNS. This is a retrospective study of 80 patients with SSNS conducted at the Pediatric Nephrology Clinic in the Al-Kadhymia Teaching Hospital between January 2011 and November 2011. The study patients were divided into two groups: FR and infrequent relapses (IFR). The age of the study patients was between one and 14 years; 45 patients had FR (56.3%) and 35 patients had IFR (43.7%). Males constituted 55 patients (68.7%) and 25 patients were female (31.3%). The incidence of FR was high in all age-groups, except in the 1-5 years age-group, and was higher in children living in urban areas. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, gender, place of residence and renal functions. However, there was a significant difference in the presence of hematuria, time taken to respond to therapy and duration of steroid therapy required; all were higher in the FR group. Our results will help clinicians in identifying possible FR such that they may be monitored closely.