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CO2 capture is a practical approach to mitigating the impacts of global warming. Adsorption‐based carbon capture is a clean and potentially energy‐efficient method whose performance greatly depends on adsorbent design. In this study, we explored the use of jute‐derived carbon as a high‐performance adsorbent for CO2 capture. The carbons were produced by pyrolyzing powdered jute sticks with NaHCO3 as an activating agent at 500–700 °C. Impressive adsorption capacities of up to 2.5 mmol ⋅ g−1 and CO2/N2 selectivities of up to 54 were achieved by adjusting the pore size distribution and surface functionalization. Based on the isotherm results, the working capacities, regenerabilities, and potentials for CO2 separation were determined for a practical vacuum swing adsorption process. The adsorbent materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM and N2 sorption at 77 K. This study provides a general approach for designing adsorbents for various gas‐separation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their potential applications in industry and potent toxicity to the environment, sulfides and their detection have attracted the attention of researchers. To date, a large number of controlled‐potential techniques for electrochemical sulfide sensors have been developed, thanks to their simplicity, reasonable limit of detection (LOD), and good selectivity. Different researchers have applied different strategies for developing selective and sensitive sulfide sensors. However, there has been no systematic review on controlled‐potential techniques for sulfide sensing. In light of this absence, the main aim of this review article is to summarize various strategies for detecting sulfide in different media. The efficiencies of the developed sulfide sensors for detecting sulfide in its various forms are determined, and the essential parameters, including sensing strategies, working electrodes, detection media, pH, LOD, sensitivity, and linear detection range, are emphasized in particular. Future research in this area is also recommended. It is expected that this review will act as a basis for further research on the fabrication of sulfide sensors for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we describe the case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with dysphagia of 2 months’ duration associated with vomiting, moderate abdominal pain, decreased oral intake, and significant weight loss. During the past 3 years, the patient experienced intermittent mild abdominal pain with infrequent vomiting. Endoscopy at Jordan University Hospital showed a mass in the esophagus, and endoscopic biopsies were performed. The preliminary histopathological report excluded malignancy. Two days after endoscopy, the patient presented to the emergency department complaining of severely worsening pain and total dysphagia. The pain persisted despite intravenous paracetamol administration, which was concerning for esophageal perforation; therefore, an urgent surgical intervention was performed. The mass was removed surgically, along with a para-esophageal lymph node. The final histopathological results of the endoscopic and resected specimens supported the diagnosis of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMHE). This is the first case reporting esophageal involvement of PMHE.

This paper examines the market reaction to hybrid security announcements in an emerging country, specifically Malaysia, from January 1996 to December 2009. The results indicated that announcements of the intention to issue convertible bonds in Malaysia are significantly associated with negative abnormal returns of 1.10% (significant at the 10% level) on the event window of (-1, 1). On the other hand, announcements of the intention to issue warrant-bonds document significantly positive abnormal returns of 2.25% (significant at the 5% level) on the same event window. The 'univariate' test confirmed that the wealth effect associated with the announcement of the intention to issue warrant-bonds is larger (i.e., more positive) than convertible bonds, in line with a few studies conducted in different markets. The findings of this study highlight that listed firms with high risk uncertainty in Malaysia contribute to more negative abnormal returns in comparison to lower risk uncertainty firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copy number variants (CNVs)-gains and losses of genomic sequences-are an important source of genetic variation underlying rapid adaptation and genome evolution. However, despite their central role in evolution little is known about the factors that contribute to the structure, size, formation rate, and fitness effects of adaptive CNVs. Local genomic sequences are likely to be an important determinant of these properties. Whereas it is known that point mutation rates vary with genomic location and local DNA sequence features, the role of genome architecture in the formation, selection, and the resulting evolutionary dynamics of CNVs is poorly understood. Previously, we have found that the GAP1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes frequent and repeated amplification and selection under long-term experimental evolution in glutamine-limiting conditions. The GAP1 gene has a unique genomic architecture consisting of two flanking long terminal repeats (LTRs) and a proximate origin of DNA replication (autonomously replicating sequence, ARS), which are likely to promote rapid GAP1 CNV formation. To test the role of these genomic elements on CNV-mediated adaptive evolution, we performed experimental evolution in glutamine-limited chemostats using engineered strains lacking either the adjacent LTRs, ARS, or all elements. Using a CNV reporter system and neural network simulation-based inference (nnSBI) we quantified the formation rate and fitness effect of CNVs for each strain. We find that although GAP1 CNVs repeatedly form and sweep to high frequency in strains with modified genome architecture, removal of local DNA elements significantly impacts the rate and fitness effect of CNVs and the rate of adaptation. We performed genome sequence analysis to define the molecular mechanisms of CNV formation for 177 CNV lineages. We find that across all four strain backgrounds, between 26% and 80% of all GAP1 CNVs are mediated by Origin Dependent Inverted Repeat Amplification (ODIRA) which results from template switching between the leading and lagging strand during DNA synthesis. In the absence of the local ARS, a distal ARS can mediate CNV formation via ODIRA. In the absence of local LTRs, homologous recombination mechanisms still mediate gene amplification following de novo insertion of retrotransposon elements at the locus. Our study demonstrates the remarkable plasticity of the genome and reveals that template switching during DNA replication is a frequent source of adaptive CNVs.