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Abstract Background Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production is severely threatened by bacterial wilt, caused by the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. Recently, nano-enabled strategies have shown tremendous potential in crop disease management. Objectives This study investigates the efficacy of biogenic nanoformulations (BNFs), comprising biogenic silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and melatonin (MT), in controlling bacterial wilt in tomato. Methods SiNPs were synthesized using Zizania latifolia leaves extract. Further, MT containing BNFs were synthesized through the one-pot approach. Nanomaterials were characterized using standard characterization techniques. Greenhouse disease assays were conducted to assess the impact of SiNPs and BNFs on tomato plant immunity and resistance to bacterial wilt. Results The SiNPs and BNFs exhibited a spherical morphology, with particle sizes ranging from 13.02 nm to 22.33 nm for the SiNPs and 17.63 nm to 21.79 nm for the BNFs, indicating a relatively uniform size distribution and consistent shape across both materials. Greenhouse experiments revealed that soil application of BNFs outperformed SiNPs, significantly enhancing plant immunity and reducing bacterial wilt incidence by 78.29% in tomato plants by maintaining oxidative stress homeostasis via increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (31.81%), peroxidase (32.9%), catalase (32.65%), and ascorbate peroxidase (47.37%) compared to untreated infected plants. Additionally, BNFs induced disease resistance by enhancing the production of salicylic acid and activating defense-related genes (e.g., SlPAL1, SlICS1, SlNPR1, SlEDS, SlPD4, and SlSARD1) involved in phytohormones signaling in infected tomato plants. High-throughput 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that BNFs promoted growth of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria (Gemmatimonadaceae, Ramlibacter, Microscillaceae, Anaerolineaceae, Chloroplast and Phormidium) in both healthy and diseased plants, while suppressing R. solanacearum abundance in infected plants. Conclusion Overall, these findings suggest that BNFs offer a more promising and sustainable approach for managing bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines play a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response, which is essential for the proper functioning of our immune system. When infections or threats to the body’s defense mechanisms are detected, the innate immune system takes the lead. However, an excessive inflammatory response can lead to the production of high concentrations of cytotoxic molecules, resulting in tissue damage. Inflammasomes are significant contributors to innate immunity, and one of the most extensively studied inflammasome complexes is NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3). NLRP3 has a wide range of recognition mechanisms that streamline immune activation and eliminate pathogens. These cytosolic multiprotein complexes are composed of effector, adaptor, and sensor proteins, which are crucial for identifying intracellular bacterial breakdown products and initiating an innate immune cascade. To understand the diverse behavior of NLRP3 activation and its significance in the development of lifestyle-related diseases, one must delve into the study of the immune response and apoptosis mediated by the release of proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, we briefly explore the immune response in the context of lifestyle associated disorders such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, oral disease, and cardiovascular disease.

Water, as a vibrant resource, is central to the survival and prosperity of humanity. The increasingchallenges posed by climate change, global warming, population growth, and industrial expansion necessitate a sustainable approach to water management. Islamic thought of nature conservation offer a comprehensive framework for the stewardship of natural resources, including water. This paper explores the principles of water management from an Islamic perspective, emphasizing the ethical, legal, and conservational responsibilities rooted in Islamic jurisprudence. Water experts consider that non-availabilityof clean water has become an ever more pressing issue of the entire world as well as Pakistan. No doubt, the current water dams of Pakistan are insufficient for the endurance of the natural environment and water needs of rapidly growing population. World research reports indicate that water level is falling gradually in the every corner of our country. Application of Islamic guidelines about water management can play an effective role to manage water resources properly. Wastefulness of natural resources isstrictly forbidden in various Quranic verses and hadiths. By integrating these perspectives with contemporary water management practices, this research study aims to provide a holistic approach to addressing the issue water scarcity.

In response to escalating environmental concerns driven by greenhouse gas emissions, Pakistan, amid accelerated climate change and deteriorating air quality, struggles with power crisis. Our purpose of this research was to develop a pivotal strategy to address the power crisis and provide clean transportation facilities by involving power transitioning from fossil fuel vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). We aimed to establish EV charging stations powered by renewable sources like solar and wind energy using grid to vehicle (V2G) mechanism. Utilizing MATLAB Simulink, an optimal electric vehicle charging system with a Level 2 fast charging mechanism was designed, aiming to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from both the transportation and energy sectors. This framework aligned with global trends in climate change mitigation, providing developing countries like Pakistan with a practical solution. The results indicated a 10-kW, AC power output at 240 V coupled with an ideal 50 kWh EV battery rating, which was achieved for EV charging. The output parameters, including current voltage and power output of solar PV, micro wind, and battery levels, were used before and after the incorporation of a boost converter. Consequently, the application of a boost converter and proportional integral (PI) controller resulted in low overshoot and steady state output parameters of the proposed system. Also, the battery backup helped to optimize the power output for load driven EVs.

Introduction: Differences in adultery regulations in various countries in the world can be different, one of which is due to the ideology adopted by each country. Regulations related to adultery actually have relevance to state ideology and the values held and lived by society, including religious values. Purpose of the Research: This research aims to analyze and compare adultery regulations based on the values and ideology that apply in a country by comparing adultery regulations between Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Turkey. Method of Research: This research is normative legal research by prioritizing historical, conceptual, legislative and comparative approaches. Results of Research: The results of the research confirm that the development of adultery regulations in Indonesia has not been substantively facilitated since it was regulated in the WvSNI and even passed into the Criminal Code in 1946. This is because what is regulated in the Criminal Code as an official translation of Dutch criminal law is only an overspel that if translated into Indonesian is closer to the act of infidelity and not adultery. The regulation of adultery in the new national criminal law is officially regulated in the New Criminal Code, especially in Article 411 of the New Criminal Code, which is actually in accordance with the meaning of the offense of adultery in accordance with the values and culture of Indonesian society. Differences in the regulation of adultery in each country, especially countries with a majority Muslim population. This is a necessity because differences in adultery regulations in each country depend on the ideology adopted by each country. However, in general, in societies where the majority are Muslim, adultery is classified as a disgraceful act that deserves criminal sanctions as applied in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam, whereas Turkey, even though the majority of the population is Muslim, is based on a secularist view, only regulating adultery within the realm of law. private.

Chromium (Cr) toxicity hampers ornamental crops’ growth and post-harvest quality, especially in cut flower plants. Nano-enabled approaches have been developing with phenomenal potential towards improving floricultural crop production under heavy metal-stressed conditions. The current pot experiment aims to explore the ameliorative impact of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs; 10 mM) and indole butyric acid (IBA; 20 mM) against Cr stress (0.8 mM) in Freesia refracta. The results showed that Cr stress significantly reduced morphological traits, decreased roots-stems biomass, abridged chlorophyll (14.7%) and carotenoid contents (27.2%), limited gas exchange attributes (intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) 24.8%, stomatal conductance (gs) 19.3% and photosynthetic rate (A) 28.8%), condensed proline (39.2%) and total protein (40%) contents and reduced vase life (15.3%) of freesia plants by increasing oxidative stress. Contrarily, antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA and H2O2 levels, and Cr concentrations in plant parts were remarkably enhanced in Cr-stressed plants than in the control. However, foliar supplementation of Si-NPs + IBA (combined form) to Cr-stressed plants increased defense mechanism and tolerance as revealed by improved vegetative and reproductive traits, increased biomass, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll 30.3%, carotenoid 57.2%) and gaseous exchange attributes (Ci 33.3%, gs 25.6%, A 31.1%), proline (54.5%), total protein (55.1%), and vase life (34.9%) of metal contaminated plants. Similarly, the improvement in the activities of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase was recorded by 30.8%, 52.4%, and 60.8%, respectively, compared with Cr-stressed plants. Meanwhile, MDA (54.3%), H2O2 (32.7%) contents, and Cr levels in roots (43.3), in stems (44%), in leaves (52.8%), and in flowers (78.5%), were remarkably reduced due to combine application of Si-NPs + IBA as compared with Cr-stressed nontreated freesia plants. Thus, the hypothesis that the synergistic application of Si-NPs + IBA will be an effective approach in ameliorating Cr stress is authenticated from the results of this experiment. Furthermore, the study will be significant since it will demonstrate how Si-NPs and IBA can work synergistically to combat Cr toxicity, and even when added separately, they can improve growth characteristics both under stressed and un-stressed conditions.

This article discusses the definition, types and categories of ownership within muamalat framework according to the different perspectives of Muslim jurists as found in the literature. This will enable Muslims to make better-informed decisions while undertaking current muamalat transactions. The applications of ownership theory in relation to current muamalat practices will also be addressed. This article concludes that the ownership theory within muamalat framework has solid ground. However, due to the changing global landscape, fresh ijtihads and innovative approaches in dealing with contemporary muamalat practices are needed.

Background: Arthritis, a debilitating joint disease, remains a significant global health burden. This study uncovers the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plant Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGR) in attenuating progression of disease by modulating immune responses. Methods: Through computational approaches, key bioactive compounds in SGR were identified by using freely available databases: TCMSP, TCMID, HIT2.0, HERB, and INPUT in order to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action. Therapeutic targets for the disease have been retrieved by TTD, GeneCard, and OMIM databases. The STRING database was used to analyze the protein–protein interactions (PPI) of intersecting genes. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to reveal the functional roles of genes. Mcule was used for molecular docking and binding affinity of compounds and targets were evaluated by DeepPurpose model. ALP activity, cell viability assay, TRAP staining were also performed. Results: A total of 14 active SGR compounds with 59 common targets for arthritis have been identified. These targets have a major role in controlling biological processes such as wound healing, oxygen responses, and chemical stimuli. Molecular docking by Mcule platform demonstrated that quercetin and β-sitosterol showed higher binding energy affinities with TNF, TP53, PTGS2, and JUN as compared to other targets. To explore the complex relationship between compounds and targets, pre-trained Davis and KIBA models were used to predict the affinity values of selected compounds. In MC3T3-E1 cells, ALP activity was significantly increased and bone marrow macrophages (BMM) showed a low number of TRAP-positive cells in SGR-treated cells. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that SGR effectively inhibits/regulates inflammatory responses, prevents cartilage degradation, promotes bone regeneration, and can be used as a promising candidate for the development of novel arthritis treatment.

ABSTRACT Background: Oxidative stress and antioxidative status caused by hepatitis C therapy plays a significant role in aggravating the disease. A number of reactive oxygen species are responsible for the damaging of cell machinery and ultimately disturbing the homeostasis of the cell. Objectives: To assess enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants and circulating biomarkers in HCV patients receiving interferon therapy. Methods: Study subjects were divided into two groups; patients and controls. The levels of the Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, as a marker of lipid peroxidation), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation product (MDA) in the serum were estimated. Results: There was statistically difference between patients and healthy controls in levels of CAT(p< 0.000**), SOD( p< 0.000**), GSH (p< 0.000**)and MDA(p< 0.000**). Similarly, the levels of ALT (p< 0.048*), AST (p< 0.005*) and ALP (p< 0.000**) were also statistically different between two groups. 1 Arif Malik Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore. 2 Muhammad Saeed Qureshi Department of Biochemistry, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. 3 Abdul Manan Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore. 4 Saadia Saleem Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore. 5 Mamoona Munir Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore. 6 Atiya Fatima Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore. 7 Mahwish Arooj Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, University of Lahore. 8 Muhammad Husain Qazi Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, University of Lahore. Corresponding Author Arif Malik Conclusion: Imbalanced levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, MDA and serum enzymes (e.g. ALT, AST, ALP) revealed that interferon itself play a crucial rule in disturbing oxidative vs. antioxidative status which ultimately results in tissue damaging. Increased levels of MDA have a significant correlation with disease development during the course of therapy. KEY WORDS: ALT, AST ALP, Antioxidants, MDA (Malonyldialdehyde) Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Reduced Glutathione.

Introduction: Dentists are still confused about whether to stop anticoagulants during extractions or to practice local hemostatic measures and closely monitor patients' international normalized ratios (INR) levels. Aims & Objectives: To determine and analyze the level of knowledge of practicing students and dental surgeons regarding anticoagulation therapy of patients undergoing dental extractions. Place and Duration of Study: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among dentists and dental students in a teaching dental hospital (Islamabad Dental Hospital) for 5 months between August to December 2021. Material & Method: There were a total of 127 participants including BDS students, house officers, postgraduate trainees, and faculty members of all dental clinical departments who responded to the printed questionnaire. A convenience sampling technique was used to gather the data. After encoding, the data was input into SPSS version 22. For qualitative variables, mean and standard deviation were computed, whereas for quantitative variables, frequencies and percentages were determined., p.value? 0.05 was considered significant. The findings were displayed as tables, charts, and figures. Results: Out of 127 participants, 63.7% (n=81/127) were in favor of consultation with the patient's physician before dental extractions whereas 59% (n=75/127) considered discontinuation of aspirin seven days before extractions. Different international normalized ratio (INR) levels were considered for different medical conditions by 78.7% (n=100/127) while 49.6% (n=63/127) of the participants believed that warfarin should be replaced with low molecular weight heparin before dental extractions. 79% of participants knew the antidote of heparin. Postoperative clot formation was not checked by 25.2% (n=32/127), and 87.4% (n=111/127) gave both verbal and written instructions after dental extractions. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a good level of awareness and implementation of guidance among dental practitioners. Further research and training programs are advised to enhance the knowledge among dental practitioners and to upgrade the standard protocols for treating patients with anticoagulation therapy.

Control of billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L) currently uses herbicides, on the other hand, control using pathogenic fungi is environmentally friendly, but for mass propagation and storage, alternative media are needed. The aim of the study was to determine the best type of alternative media for fungal growth and shelf life, as well as its effectiveness against billygoat. The treatment tested involves a combination of two factors: the type of pathogenic fungi (Curvularia lunata or Fusarium oxysporum) and the type of medium (rice washing water or tofu liquid waste). A completely randomized design was used for the in vitro test, while in planta test used a randomized block design with each experimental unit repeated five times. The observed variables were conidia density, number of colonies, incubation period, disease symptoms, disease intensity, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), as well as weed height, number of leaves, fresh and dry shoot, and root weights. The results showed that the conidia density of F. oxysporum was 57% better in rice washing water than in tofu wastewater. The best shelf life for the fungus was four weeks. The use of rice washing water for F. oxysporum and C. lunata effectively delayed the incubation period by 77 and 71% respectively, suppressed disease intensity by 90 and 88%, and AUDPC by 94 and 93% compared to the control. The F. oxysporum grown on rice washing water media was able to reduce the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of billygoat by 25, 30, and 20% compared to the control, respectively.

Abuse of power harms the actions and effects of organizations. In the same vein, the damage will be greater if the abuse occurs in educational institutions. In developing countries like Afghanistan, the possibility of abuse of power in private universities is high. This study presents cases of power abuse in private higher education institutions in Nangarhar, Afghanistan. In this regard, the case study design fits the scope and purpose of the research. The researchers conducted interviews with students, administrative staff, and lecturers of private universities in eastern Afghanistan. As a result, the study found that there are two types of power abuse in private universities in Nangarhar: abuse of power by lecturers and abuse of power by senior management staff. The study also found that the abuse of power in private universities has many negative effects on the education process, such as the graduation of bogus students, low-quality teaching, and reduced research activities.

Abstract: The embodiment of traditional values, which were replaced by Islamic values, is strongly tied to the application of sharia in the central Aceh regency of Bener Meriah. It is interesting to note that the application of Sharia in that region involved both anthropological and social factors. This qualitative investigation looked at the application of Sharia in Bener Meriah as a social phenomenon reflected in local residents' behaviours. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents for interviews, which served as the data gathering method. The findings showed three things. First, while the government and associated organizations continue to socialize the Sharia, it is primarily about interpreting Islamic law as a punishment for lash breakers. Second, the integration of Sharia ideals into social interactions is a goal of the establishment of Sharia. In addition to the traditional values of the Gayo culture, which have a long history, locals' awareness of Sharia also plays a vital role. Accordingly, based on the findings, the Sharia implementation is effective, especially in light of the few Sharia infractions that were discovered.Keywords: Muslim communities; Public views; Sharia implementation; Social construction

Calotropis procera is a medicinal, traditional, and therapeutic plant in Pakistan. In this research study, the biological activities, for instance, anticancer, antileishmanial, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and brine shrimp lethality assay and GC-MS are studied. MTT assay, antileishmanial bioassay, microplate Alamar Blue assay, agar tube dilution method, oxidative burst assay using chemiluminescence technique, B-hatching techniques, and triple quadrupole acquisition method MS parameters were the methods used for anticancer, antileishmanial, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, brine shrimp lethality assay, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Whole plant methanol extract of Calotropis procera (WMECP) inhibited 69.1% of the growth of HeLa cell line with an IC50 value of 3.1 ± 0.4 and whole plant n-hexane fraction of Calotropis procera (WHFCP) and whole plant and aqueous fraction of Calotropis procera (WAFCP) inhibited the growth by 70.2% and 65.2% with IC50 values of 5.0 ± 0.3 and 17.1 ± 1.0. Whole plant methanol extract of Calotropis procera (WMECP) inhibited 70.1% of the growth of the PC3 cell line with an IC50 value of 5.1 ± 0.3 and whole plant n-hexane fraction of Calotropis procera (WHFCP) and whole plant aqueous fraction of Calotropis procera (WAFCP) inhibited 61.6% and 59.7% with IC50 values of 3.7 ± 0.5 and 16.4 ± 1.0. None of the extract and fractions of Calotropis procera showed anticancer activities against the 3T3 cell line. None of the extract and fractions of Calotropis procera showed antileishmanial, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. Whole plant methanol extract of Calotropis procera (WMECP) exhibited lethality at the highest concentration while other fractions did not exhibit lethality. GC-MS studies revealed that the whole plant methanol extract of Calotropis procera (WMECP) consists of 11 compounds, whole plant n-hexane fraction of Calotropis procera (WHFCP) consists of 9 compounds, and whole plant aqueous fraction of Calotropis procera (WAFCP) consists of 7 compounds.

The conventional approach of drug development, which focused on inhibiting a single target, has been superseded by a more advanced strategy known as multi-target design. In this study, we describe the synthesis of new N-adamantyl-2-(2-(phenyl)hydrazone)-3-oxobutanamide (6a-k). These compounds were designed with the intention of serving as prospective drug like candidates that can target both alpha glucosidase and urease enzymes. For this purpose, both in-vitro and in-silico investigations were performed after synthesis and characterization. The density functional theory calculations were employed to calculate optimized geometries, global reactivity descriptors and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis. All compounds were found reactive and compounds 6b, 6c, 6d and 6e were found the most stable. The synthesized compounds were also tested for their ability to inhibit the enzyme activities of urease and α-glucosidase. The compound 6c exhibited strong inhibition of urease enzyme, with IC50 value of 13.10 ± 0.55 µM, in comparison to the IC50 value of the standard inhibitor thiourea i.e., 16.4 ± 1.02 µM. In addition to this, compounds 6d and 6e demonstrated a significant α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values of 17.16 ± 0.91 µM but found less potent as compared to the standard inhibitor Acarbose, i.e. 9.80 ± 0.20 μM. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) was established and the in-vitro results were further supported by the molecular docking investigations and molecular dynamic simulation studies. The in-vitro and in-silico results demonstrated a strong correlation in assessing the drug-like characteristics of all synthesized compounds (6a-k). The in silico investigation confirmed the findings in the search for inhibitors against the listed enzymes by elucidating the binding relationship between most of the active compounds and the active site of urease and α-glucosidase.

In the present study, 0.85BaTiO3–0.15Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3-xTa2O5 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025) processed via the conventional mix oxide route. The phase, microstructure, and dielectric properties were studied. Single perovskite phase developed and studied via XRD. A Dense microstructure for each composition was developed with the pseudo-crystal structure. Low grain size 1000 and low dielectric loss (tanδ

This study’s main focus was describing adjectives’ characteristics in English and Indonesian. It examined the similarities and differences in the features of adjectives in the two languages through a parallel comparison using the contrastive analysis approach. Data were collected from linguistics books from both languages. The results indicated that similarities and differences are found almost in all aspects of adjectives in both languages when analysed from the viewpoint of their classifications according to their forms, formations, meanings, and positions. At the morphological level, the reduplication form found and shared in Indonesian is not found in English. The habits of using Indonesian reduplication adjectives, which denote something done repeatedly and used for emphasis, tend to make Indonesian learners apply this rule to English. Both languages use different systems in terms of affixation as the formation of adjectives. English adjectives only have two kinds of affixes, namely prefix and suffix, while Indonesian ones have four kinds of affixes such as prefix, infix, confix, and suffix. The differences between native and foreign languages in forms, formations, meanings, and positions cause learning and teaching process difficulties. By knowing and understanding similarities and especially differences, teachers and students can solve the problems of learning and teaching English adjectives since these differences are the fundamental aspects of the problems faced by Indonesian native speakers when studying the target language. Consequently, having a good understanding of this critical aspect of the English language can reduce problems of learning and teaching English to Indonesian native speakers.

The scientific development of Islamic communication is determined by research based on Islamic values. However, the challenge is that Islamic communication deals with established general communication sciences. This study aims to see trends in the research direction of Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Study Program students and its position in the development of Islamic communication science. This study uses a type of qualitative study conducted at the Department of Islamic Communication and Broadcasting, Faculty of Da'wah and Communication Studies, UIN Imam Bonjol Padang with documentation data collection techniques. The objects studied were original documents resulting from student research for the last 5 (five) years totaling 298 titles. The study findings show that 40.98% of students choose mass communication and new media studies, only 19.67% choose da'wah communication studies and da'wah scholarship. This certainly has an influence on the scientific construct of Islamic communication. This means that the discourse on communication science is still dominated by "secular" communication studies, there are still few communication studies originating from Islamic teachings. The implication of this study is the need to encourage the integration of Islamic communication science and general communication science in future KPI student research activities. *** Perkembangan keilmuan komunikasi Islam ditentukan oleh penelitian-penelitian yang berbasis pada nilai Islam. Namun, tantangannya adalah komunikasi Islam berhadapan dengan keilmuan komunikasi umum yang sudah mapan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat kecenderungan arah penelitian mahasiswa Program Studi Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam serta posisinya bagi pengembangan keilmuan komunikasi Islam. Studi ini menggunakan jenis kajian kualitatif yang dilakukan di Jurusan Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam, Fakultas Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi, UIN Imam Bonjol Padang dengan teknik pengumpulan data dokumentasi. Objek yang dikaji adalah dokumen asli hasil penelitian mahasiswa selama 5 (lima) tahun terakhir sebanyak 298 judul. Temuan studi menunjukkan 40,98% mahasiswa memilih kajian komunikasi massa dan media baru, hanya 19,67% memilih kajian komunikasi dakwah dan keilmuan dakwah. Hal ini tentu memberikan pengaruh terhadap konstruk keilmuan komunikasi Islam. Artinya wacana tentang ilmu komunikasi masih didominasi oleh kajian-kajian komunikasi yang bersifat “sekuler”, masih sedikit kajian-kajian komunikasi yang bersumber dari ajaran agama Islam. Implikasinya, studi ini mendorong perlunya integrasi keilmuan komunikasi Islam dan ilmu komunikasi umum dalam kegiatan riset mahasiswa KPI kedepan.

Abstract: This research studied the recent implementation of sharia in the district of East Aceh by employing a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. This research focused on sociological interpretations of the data gathered through the processes of observation of social interactions that reflected demographic patterns of daily intercourse, events, and traditions. The results showed that the implementation of sharia laws triggered pros and cons within society in East Aceh. Some people argued that the government did not put maximum effort into the implementation. Many other people, however, experienced positive changes in their life due to the implementation of sharia. There are still many challenges such as weakness of faith and social activities that are now forbidden there plus different understandings of sharia law still exist. Co-operation between the governments, scholars, and the people, in particular opinion leaders will be the key to continue successful implementation.Keywords: East Aceh, The Holy Qur’an and al-Hadîts, People’s Perspectives, Islamic laws Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi pelaksanaan syariat Islam di Kabupaten Aceh Timur menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode etnografi. Penelitian ini berfokus pada interpretasi sosiologis dari data yang dikumpulkan melalui proses pengamatan interaksi sosial yang mencerminkan pola demografis hubungan sehari-hari, peristiwa, dan tradisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan hukum syariah memicu pro dan kontra di kalangan masyarakat di Aceh Timur. Sebagian kalangan menilai pemerintah kurang maksimal dalam pelaksanaannya. Namun, banyak orang lain mengalami perubahan positif dalam hidup mereka karena penerapan syariah. Masih banyak tantangan seperti lemahnya iman dan aktivitas sosial yang sekarang dilarang di sana ditambah pemahaman yang berbeda tentang hukum syariah masih ada. Kerja sama antara pemerintah, cendekiawan, dan masyarakat, khususnya para pemangku kebijakan akan menjadi kunci untuk melanjutkan keberhasilan implementasi hukum syariah. Kata Kunci: Aceh Timur, Al-Qur’an dan Hadist, Pandangan Masyarakat, Syariat Islam

The production of cotton is negatively affected by salinity. For this purpose, 8 parents and their 16 F1 hybrids were evaluated under saline stress (15 dSm−1) in Line × Tester fashion. Mean values of plant height, number of bolls plant−1, boll weight, lint weight, seed cotton yield plant−1, seed index, no. of seeds boll−1, seed mass boll−1, lint mass boll−1, seed volume per 100 seeds, fiber strength, fiber length, lint%, K+, K+/Na+ ratio, CAT, TSP, chlorophyll a, b, and relative water contents decreased under salt stress whilst the values of lint index, seed density, fiber fineness, Na+, H2O2, SOD, POD carotenoids, malondialdehyde, phenolic contents, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids increased under saline conditions. Under saline MS-71× CRS-2007, MS-71× KAHKASHAN, and IUB-65 × FH-312 exhibited performed better than other genotypes for most traits. For fiber quality traits IUB-65× CRS-2007 and IUB-65× FH-312 showed the highest value under salt stress. Improved identified cotton genotypes can enhance our capacity to grow cotton in salt-affected soils and the key morpho-biochemical traits can potentially be exploited to obtain higher and more stable crops yield under stressed environments.

The newly modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equations in three dimensions are examined in the current work through the use of conformable fractional derivatives to incorporate spatial and temporal fractional order derivatives. With the aid of the Wolfram Mathematica software, a variety of solutions, including hyperbolic and periodic function solutions, are created. The information was gathered to evaluate how well the proposed novel (G’/G2)-expansion method could compute exact solutions of the WBBM equations that could be applied to the implementation of the nonlinear water model in the ocean and coastal engineering. Table 1 shows a comparison between the recently discovered solutions and those that have previously been reported in the literature. There are some visual representations of the solutions.

C16H20N2O5, triclinic, P1‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 7.9179(7) Å, b = 10.1982(9) Å, c = 10.4144(8) Å, α = 76.184(7)°, β = 87.090 (7)°, γ = 73.500(8)°, V = 782.86(12) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0458, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1333, T = 93 K.

Abstract: The existence of ulama and dayah in political dynamics in Aceh has occurred for a long time, simultaneously with the development of Islam in Aceh. Ulama in Aceh has been playing as the main actors behind the successful political indicator in many phases, namely; empire phase, independence phase, new order (orde baru) phase until the phase of reformation. The doctrines played by ulama through religious languages have received great support from people in Aceh. This study employs the qualitative research approach with three main techniques of data collection, namely interview, observation and documentation. The result showed that there has been the participation from ulama and santri dayah in Aceh during 2019 General Election (GE). Such participation was reflected from the full support from ulama by calling up the political machine from santri dayah during 2019 GE, and deciding a political attitude by taking side on one of the candidates by holding a fundamental belief that Islam does not forbid ulama to participate in the political practice. Abstrak: Eksistensi ulama dan dayah dalam dinamika perpolitikan di Aceh telah berlangsung sejak lama, seiring berkembangnya Islam di Aceh. Dari berbagai fae perkembangan perpolitikan di Aceh, dari fase kerajaan, fase kemerdekaan, fase orde baru hingga fase reformasi telah ditemukan pula indikator suksesnya politik di Aceh akibat permainan aktor utama yaitu ulama. Ulama melalui doktrin-doktrin yang disebarkan melalui bahasa-bahasa agama, sehingga mendapat dukungan penuh dari kalangan masyarakat di Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data tiga macam cara yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat partisipasi ulama dan santri dayah di Aceh pada Pemilu 2019. Partisipasi tersebut tampak terhadap dukungan penuh ulama dengan mengerahkan “mesin politik” yaitu santri dayah terhadap Pemilu 2019, dan mengambil sikap politik berpihak kepada salah satu calon dalam Pemilu 2019 dengan landasan utama berpijak bahwa Islam tidak melarang ulama berpolitik. Keywords: ulama, santri, dayah, politics, general election, Aceh

ABSTRACT Sinar Cendekia (SC) is an educational institution that is managed professionally, from creative-innovative learning strategies and organized teacher and student development models. This study uses a qualitative methodological approach, namely a research method based on the post-positivism philosophy, which is used to examine the condition of a natural object, where the researcher is the key instrument, the data collection technique is done in a triangulation (combined), qualitative data analysis. The types and sources of data collected in this study are primary data sources, from data and information from interviews, observations and documentary studies found. This study sees that the implication process of self-efficacy is to be able to deal with one's own inner state, to regulate itself in spirituality, physical care, and in fostering human relationships with others in various environments through individual / group research activities in the form of visits to certain places that reflect one regional development dynamics.

Internet of Things, Machine learning, and Cloud computing are the emerging domains of information communication and technology. These techniques can help to save the life of millions in the medical assisted environment and can be utilized in health-care system where health expertise is less available. Fast food consumption increased from the past few decades, which makes up cholesterol, diabetes, and many more problems that affect the heart and other organs of the body. Changing lifestyle is another parameter that results in health issues including cardio-vascular diseases. Affirming to the World Health Organization, the cardiovascular diseases, or heart diseases lead to more death than any other disease globally. The objective of this research is to analyze the available data pertaining to cardiovascular diseases for prediction of heart diseases at an earlier stage to prevent it from occurring. The dataset of heart disease patients was taken from Jammu and Kashmir, India and stored over the cloud. Stored data is then pre-processed and further analyzed using machine learning techniques for the prediction of heart diseases. The analysis of the dataset using numerous machines learning techniques like Random Forest, Decision Tree, Naive based, K-nearest neighbors, and Support Vector Machine revealed the performance metrics (F1 Score, Precision and Recall) for all the techniques which shows that Naive Bayes is better without parameter tuning while Random Forest algorithm proved as the best technique with hyperparameter tuning. In this paper, the proposed model is developed in such a systematic way that the clinical data can be obtained through the use of IoT with the help of available medical sensors to predict cardiovascular diseases on a real-time basis.

Abstract Plant vasculature transports molecules that play a crucial role in plant signaling including systemic responses and acclimation to diverse environmental conditions. Targeted controlled delivery of molecules to the vascular tissue can be a biomimetic way to induce long distance responses, providing a new tool for the fundamental studies and engineering of stress‐tolerant plants. Here, a flexible organic electronic ion pump, an electrophoretic delivery device, for controlled delivery of phytohormones directly in plant vascular tissue is developed. The c‐OEIP is based on polyimide‐coated glass capillaries that significantly enhance the mechanical robustness of these microscale devices while being minimally disruptive for the plant. The polyelectrolyte channel is based on low‐cost and commercially available precursors that can be photocured with blue light, establishing much cheaper and safer system than the state‐of‐the‐art. To trigger OEIP‐induced plant response, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) in the petiole of intact Arabidopsis plants is delivered. ABA is one of the main phytohormones involved in plant stress responses and induces stomata closure under drought conditions to reduce water loss and prevent wilting. The OEIP‐mediated ABA delivery triggered fast and long‐lasting stomata closure far away from the delivery point demonstrating systemic vascular transport of the delivered ABA, verified delivering deuterium‐labeled ABA.

Streptococcus agalactiae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are emerging as major milk-borne pathogens. Additionally, resistance to antibiotics of pathogens is of concern. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and drug resistance of S. agalactiae and K. pneumoniae in mastitis milk samples and assessed the antimicrobial potential of sodium alginate (G)-stabilized MgO nanoparticles (M) and antibiotics (tylosin [T] and ampicillin [A]) against both of these pathogens. A total of n = 200 milk samples from cattle were collected using purposive sampling, and standard microbiological approaches were adopted to isolate target bacteria. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used to analyze the obtained data. Four preparations, GT (gel-stabilized tylosin), GA (gel-stabilized ampicillin), GTM (tylosin and MgO nanoparticles stabilized in gel), and GAM (ampicillin and MgO nanoparticles stabilized in gel), were evaluated against both bacteria through well diffusion and broth microdilution method. The analysis revealed that 45.24% (95/210) of the milk samples were positive for mastitis, of which 11.58% (11/95) were positive for S. agalactiae and 9.47% (9/95) were positive for K. pneumoniae. S. agalactiae had a significantly higher zone of inhibition (ZOI) than K. pneumoniae against penicillin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin, whereas the opposite was observed against imipenem and erythromycin. All gel (G)-based preparations showed an increase in the percentage of ZOI compared with antibiotics alone, with GTM presenting the highest of all, i.e., 59.09 and 56.25% ZOI compared with tylosin alone against S. agalactiae and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Similarly, in a broth microdilution assay, the lowest MIC was found for K. pneumoniae (9.766 ± 0.0 μg/mL) against GTM, followed by GT, GAM, and GA after incubation for 24 h. A similar response was noted for preparations against S. agalactiae but with a comparatively higher MIC. A significant reduction in MIC with respect to incubation time was found at 8 h and remained until at 20 h against both pathogens. The cytotoxicity of the MgO nanoparticles used in this study was significantly lower than that of the positive control. Overall, this study found that K. pneumoniae and S. agalactiae appeared higher in prevalence and antimicrobial resistance, and sodium alginate-based antibiotics and MgO nanoparticles were effective alternative approaches for tackling antimicrobial resistance.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporoides is an important disease in cocoa. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of secondary metabolites derived from three isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens to control cocoa leaves anthracnose, and their influence on the growth of cocoa plants. The research was conducted at a smallholder cocoa plantation in Putat Village, Patuk District, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta for four months. A randomized block design was used with four replicates and seven treatments consisted of control, application of secondary metabolites from P. fluorescens P60, P . fluorescens P20, P . fluorescens P8, combination P . fluorescens P60 + P20, P . fluorescens P60 + P8, and P. fluorescens P20 + P8. Variables observed were disease intensity, infection rate, number of healthy shoots and qualitative phenolic compound. Results of the research showed that the secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60, P20 and P8 alone or in combination suppressed the disease intensity by 42.01-54.50%. The infection rate caused by metabolite secondary of P. fluorescens P60, P20, P8, P . fluorescens P60+P20, P . fluorescens P60+P8, and P . fluorescens P20+P8 was 0.23; 0.25; 0.26; 0.26; 0.31; and 0.24 units/day, respectively. The secondary metabolites of P . fluorescens P60 increased the number of healthy shoots by 67.44 %. The secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60 increased phenolic compounds (tannin, saponin, and glycosides) in cocoa leaves.

This field research using participant observation critically analyzed the post-war reconciliation between Aceh Province and the Indonesian Government. Special attention was paid to the violent incidents at Rumoh Geudong, Krueng Arakundoe, and Jambo Keupok. Besides, in-depth interviews with 16 informants who were engaged directly and indirectly on the problems to collect the data, followed by employing library research to sight the findings. The peace agreement was concluded by parties who hated each other. Contrarily, the government’s function as the developer of the post-understanding process was not shown substantially. This has further enhanced the new forms of violence carried out after the previous violence. This meant nothing to the power of peace itself. The reconciliation was not substantially successful but failed. The absence of which had an impact on the existence of war victims, particularly in rebuilding their psychological conditions. Human values during the 14 years of peace were not programmed in priority at all, which generated extensive sustainable peace. The collapse of the state’s responsibility to unravel all cases of dehumanization had an impact on the increasingly dominating pragmatic value, meaning that the value of the existence of war victims was minimal, even closer to nothing.

The integration of artificial neuromorphic devices with biological systems plays a fundamental role for future brain-machine interfaces, prosthetics, and intelligent soft robotics. Harikesh et al. demonstrate all-printed organic electrochemical neurons on Venus flytrap that is controlled to open and close.

This research aims to determine the best pH media for the production of Pseudomonas fluorescens P20 raw secondary metabolites, its effect on controlling damping-off, and on cucumber seedling growth. In vitro test uses completely randomized design with four replicates and seven treatments consisted of pH 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5; 7.0; 7.5; and 8.0. In planta test uses a randomized block design with three replicates and ten treatments consisting of control, mancozeb 80%, and raw secondary metabolites with pH 7.0 and 7.5, and 4 concentration levels, i.e., 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Variables observe population density, inhibition ability, protease and chitinase qualitatively, germination ability, incubation period, disease incidence, the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), crop height, number of leaves, root length, and crop fresh weight. The result shows that the best pH for the production of raw secondary metabolites is 7.0, indicated by population density as 5.68 × 1024 cfu/ml, inhibition ability as 50.8%, and the best protease and chitinase qualitatively. Application of the secondary metabolites on pH 7.0 could suppress disease intensity, incubation period, and AUDPC as 66.67, 77%, and 0%-day, respectively, and increase crop height, the number of leaves, root length, and crop fresh weight as 57.65, 37.19, 63, and 74%, respectively.

Paddy serves as a staple food that sometimes receives special, unique appreciation from its consumers and producers. This study discusses cultivation rituals practiced as adat in Blang Poroh and Kuta Ibôh villages in West Labuhan Haji, South Acèh district. In these villages, the farmers still feel an urge to treat paddy as instructed by the adat, which is now on the brink of extinction over unstoppable modernity. The data forms are paddy-related myths and all rituals held until harvest. The findings reveal that since farmers believe paddy is of the exact origin as humans, it is metaphorically regarded as a human child. The belief is based on the myth of the Prophet Adam sacrificing his daughter’s soul to gain the first paddy seeds. This belief has become a constituent part of Aneuk Jamee agrarians in the sites of this study. A series of rituals to boost harvest outputs can curb pest attacks. Some taboos have to be taken into account, from paddy planting to its storing in the granary to keep its seumangat (life spirit), thus making it full of beureukat (blessing) that can satisfy hunger and reduce consumption.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya penerapan larangan nikah sesuku di Desa Tanjung Pauh. Masyarakat yang melakukan perkawinan diharuskan membayar denda adat berupa kambing atau kerbau. Jika tidak mampu, pelaku, kerabat dan keluarganya tidak dapat melakukan urusan adat lainnya bahkan sampai mereka diusir dari desa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan atau field research. Dalam mengkaji data primer yang didapat dari wawancara penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualittatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana adat perkawinan di Desa Tanjung Pauh perspektif hukum perkawinan di Indonesia. Pandangan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang pelaksanaan larangan adat ini tertuang dalam pasal 8 huruf f tentang larangan nikah pasal 66 yang melalui tafsir a contrario yang menerapkan hukum perkawinan adat. Hukum pernikahan adat dapat diterapkan selain yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 dan tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Islam. Berbeda dengan penerapan larangan nikah adat di Desa Tanjung Pauh yang ternyata telah tertuang dalam UU Perkawinan pasal 2 dan bertentangan dengan hukum Islam. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa undang-undang yang melarang perkawinan adat di Desa Tanjung Pauh bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974.

Gas pipelines are often subjected to various kinds of damages such as corrosion, welding failure, and excavation damages, due to harsh environmental conditions. The failure in gas pipelines may lead to catastrophic damages like human life loss, economic loss, etc. Predicting pipeline health is of critical importance to avoid these damages. In this study, 875 incidents are extracted from US DOT PHMSA from 2002 to 2020. For each of the incident, different parameters such as Age, NPS, Wall Thickness, Material, Operating Pressure, Location, and Area is analyzed. Two supervised learning techniques Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine are used to predict and classify different natural gas pipeline failures i.e. Corrosion, Pipeline Material, or Weld Failure and Excavation Damage by using actual pipeline incident data. One-Way ANOVA F-test is used to select the important features of the input dataset. The supervised models (Backpropagation Neural Network and SVM) are trained and tested on the input data. The performance of the models is assessed based on accurate predictions made by the trained models on the testing dataset. It is observed that Medium Gaussian SVM integrated with ANOVA (and Holdout cross-validation) performs better than other algorithms and yields 74.8% accuracy.

To understand the effect of heat stress on morphology and physiology of the cotton, eight cotton genotypes with their 15F1 hybrids (five lines, three testers) were grown in the field conditions under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two treatments i.e. normal and high-temperature stresses with two replications followed by split-plot arrangement. Data were collected for biochemical and yield-related parameters. Mean values of all studied traits were reduced significantly under high-temperature stress whilst the mean value of lint%, catalase activity, total soluble proteins, peroxidase, and carotenoids were increased under high-temperature. Under both conditions, the number of bolls, boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint index, seed mass per boll, hydrogen peroxide content, catalase activity, total soluble proteins, carotenoids, and chlorophyll contents had high heritability values along with high genetic advance percent mean which revealed, these traits were controlled by additive gene action. The lint%, seed index, short fiber index, fiber strength, fiber fineness, upper half mean length and peroxidase activity had high heritability with moderate genetic advance under heat stress conditions which showed, these traits were controlled by non-additive gene action. Under both temperature conditions, FH-458, IUB-65, CRS-2, and FH-313 were good general combiners for physicochemical and yield-related traits. The cross combination of IUB-013× CRS-2 and FH-458× FH-313 were good specific combiner for plant height and seed cotton yield whilst for fiber quality and biochemical traits, the best specific combiners were VH-329× FH-313 and IUB-013× CRS-2. These identified parents and cross combinations might be used for improving already present commercial varieties under high-temperature stress.

Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships may vary with climate. Here, the authors study relationships of plant and soil microbial diversity with soil nutrient multifunctionality in 130 dryland sites in China, finding a shift towards greater importance of soil microbial diversity in arid conditions.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine general dentists and dental students knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding diabetes mellitus, a major public health issue with oral complications. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study design was conducted in Islamabad dental hospital for three months on House officers and final year BDS students. A convenience sampling technique was used for the sample. A pretested questionnaire was selected from the previous study. After approval of the IRB, the questionnaires were distributed among participants of the research. The descriptive analysis of the collected data was done by using SPSS software version 20. RESULTS The overall results of knowledge of dentists towards diabetes scored high (90%), 80% of the respondents had a positive attitude towards diabetes mellitus. Less than half (20%) of the dentists scored poor in the practice of diabetes mellitus, while about three fourth of the respondents had a good score (80%). CONCLUSION Dentists in Islamabad dental hospital have good knowledge and practice skills regarding diabetes. The attitude of the dental practitioners in Islamabad dental hospital regarding diabetes is also positive.

The importance of electroceramics is well-recognized in applications of high energy storage density of dielectric ceramic capacitors. Despite the excellent properties, lead-free alternatives are highly desirous owing to their environmental friendliness for energy storage applications. Herein, we provide a facile synthesis of lead-free ferroelectric ceramic perovskite material demonstrating enhanced energy storage density. The ceramic material with a series of composition (1-z) (0.94Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3)-zNd0.33NbO3, denoted as NBT-BT-zNN, where, z = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 are synthesized by the conventional solid-state mix oxide route. Microphases, microstructures, and energy storage characteristics of the as-synthesized ceramic compositions were determined by advanced ceramic techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis reveals pure single perovskite phases for z = 0 and 0.02, and secondary phases of Bi2Ti2O7 appeared for z = 0.04 and 0.08. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrates packed-shaped microstructures with a reduced grain size for these ceramic compositions. The coercive field (Ec) and remnant polarization (Pr) deduced from polarization vs. electric field hysteresis loops determined using an LCR meter demonstrate decreasing trends with the increasing z content for each composition. Consequently, the maximum energy storage density of 3.2 J/cm3, the recoverable stored energy of 2.01 J/cm3, and the efficiency of 62.5% were obtained for the z content of 2 mol% at an applied electric field of 250 kV/cm. This work demonstrates important development in ceramic perovskite for high power energy storage density and efficiency in dielectric capacitors in high-temperature environments. The aforementioned method makes it feasible to modify a binary ceramic composition into a ternary system with highly enhanced energy storage characteristics by incorporating rare earth metals with transition metal oxides in appropriate proportions.

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is perhaps the most researched problem in the field of Computer Science and Operations. It is a known NP-hard problem and has significant practical applications in a variety of areas, such as logistics, planning, and scheduling. Route optimisation not only improves the overall profitability of a logistic centre but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions by minimising the distance travelled. In this article, we propose a simple and improved heuristic algorithm named 2-Opt++, which solves symmetric TSP problems using an enhanced 2-Opt local search technique, to generate better results. As with 2-Opt, our proposed method can also be applied to the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), with minor modifications. We have compared our technique with six existing algorithms, namely ruin and recreate, nearest neighbour, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, Tabu search, and ant colony optimisation. Furthermore, to allow for the complexity of larger TSP instances, we have used a graph compression/candidate list technique that helps in reducing the computational complexity and time. The comprehensive empirical evaluation carried out for this research work shows the efficacy of the 2-Opt++ algorithm as it outperforms the other well-known algorithms in terms of the error margin, execution time, and time of convergence.

Abstract: This study discusses the foundation of Sufi tenet developed by Shaykh Amran Waly and the communities’ response to the integration of the tenet – the Study Council of Sufism Tawhîd (MPTT) and ratéb siribèe (one-thousand dzikr)–within the northern and eastern Aceh, Indonesia. Qualitative approach was implemented as the observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies were due to collect the data. MPTT and ratéb siribèe as its integration aim to restore the grandeur of Acehnese people in the past. However, the tenet was responded in many ways by the communities. Some considered that MPTT and ratéb siribèe could act as a means of practicing Sufism, while the others assumed that the teachings developed were deviant since those contain the style of Ibn al-‘Arabî and al-Jîlî Sufism– once considered heretical with the concept of wahdah al-wujûd (unity of existence), which is dissimilar with the Sufism concept–wahdah al-syuhûd (unity of appearance). Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji fondasi ajaran tauhid-tasawuf yang dikembangkan oleh Shaykh Amran Waly. Penelitian ini juga menelaah respons masyarakat utara dan timur Aceh terhadap integrasi dari ajaran tersebut–Majelis Pengkajian Tauhid-Tasawuf (MPTT) dan ratéb siribèe (zikir seribu). Pendekatan kualitatif diimplementasikan dengan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi sebagai instrumen pengumpul data. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa ajaran tersebut berdasarkan dari gaya sufisme yang dikembangkan oleh Shaykh ‘Abdul Karîm al-Jîlî yang pernah dianggap bidah. MPTT dan ratéb siribèe sebagai integrasi ajaran tersebut memiliki tujuan untuk mengembalikan kejayaan rakyat Aceh pada masa lalu. Namun, berbagai respons muncul dari kalangan masyarakat. Beberapa menganggap MPTT dan ratéb siribèe dapat menjadi media untuk melatih ajaran sufisme, sementara pihak lainnya menganggap ajaran tersebut sesat karena mengandung gaya sufisme dari al-‘Arabî dan al-Jîlî yaitu wahdah al-wujûd (keberadaan) dan bertolak belakang dengan konsep sufisme wahdah al-syuhûd (rupa) Syekh Abuya Muda Waly al-Khalidy. Keywords: Amran Waly, MPTT, ratéb siribèe, sufism, tawhîd

Abstract Background Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is grown for fiber and oil purposes in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Pakistan is the 4th largest producer of cotton. It has a significant contribution in the GDP of Pakistan. Therefore, the present study was performed to assess the genetic variations and genetic diversity of yield and fiber quality traits in cotton and to analyze the associations present among them. Results Analysis of variance exhibited significant variation for all studied traits except total number of nodes and the height to node ratio. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all studied traits. Plant height, monopodial branches, total number of bolls, lint index, seed index, and seed cotton yield displayed high heritabilities in a broad sense with maximum genetic advance. Correlation analysis revealed that seed cotton yield had a significant positive association with plant height, the number of monopodial branches, the number of sympodial branches, ginning outturn (GOT), the number of bolls, seed per boll, seed index, uniformity index, the number of sympodial branches, reflectance, and seed index at the genotypic level while a significant positive relationship was observed with plant height, the number of sympodial branches, boll number, and GOT. Plant height, monopodial branches, GOT, boll weight, seeds per boll, and short fiber index exerted direct positive effects on seed cotton yield. The first 6 principal component analysis (PCs) out of the total fourteen PCs displayed eigenvalues (> 1) and had maximum share to total variability (82.79%). The attributes that had maximum share to total divergence included plant height, uniformity index, the number of sympodial branches, seed per boll, GOT, seed cotton yield, and short fiber index. Conclusion The genotype AA-802, IUB-13, FH-159, FH-458, and CIM-595 were genetically diverse for most of the yield and fiber quality traits and could be utilized for the selection of better performing genotypes for further improvement.

Abstract: Majelis Pengkajian Tauhid Tasawuf (MPTT)-The Council for the Study of Tawhîd and Tashawwuf- is a religious institution which in principally related the aspects of tawhîd and tashawwuf initiated by sûfî Shaykh Haji Amran Wali al-Khalidy. The primary aim of this institution is to preach the teachings of monotheism and Sufism in the midst of society. Even though its teaching is not accepted by all segment of societies, MPTT continues to diffuse its teachings, even to several countries in Southeast Asia. This research is a qualitative study to critically examine the existence of the MPTT in terms of tawhîd and tashawwuf in Aceh. The data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation which then analyzed using Analysis Interactive Model. The results showed that MPTT plays an important role in bringing positive changes to Acehnese society both in the fields of worship and morals. MPTT is able to propagate Sufism teachings by balancing the world’s issues and the hereafter. Keywords: MPTT roles, preaching, teaching of tawhîd and tashawwuf, Aceh

Plants are able to sense and respond to a myriad of external stimuli, using different signal transduction pathways, including electrical signaling. The ability to monitor plant responses is essential not only for fundamental plant science, but also to gain knowledge on how to interface plants with technology. Still, the field of plant electrophysiology remains rather unexplored when compared to its animal counterpart. Indeed, most studies continue to rely on invasive techniques or on bulky inorganic electrodes that oftentimes are not ideal for stable integration with plant tissues. On the other hand, few studies have proposed novel approaches to monitor plant signals, based on non-invasive conformable electrodes or even organic transistors. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are particularly promising for electrophysiology as they are inherently amplification devices, they operate at low voltages, can be miniaturized, and be fabricated in flexible and conformable substrates. Thus, in this study, we characterize OECTs as viable tools to measure plant electrical signals, comparing them to the performance of the current standard, Ag/AgCl electrodes. For that, we focused on two widely studied plant signals: the Venus flytrap (VFT) action potentials elicited by mechanical stimulation of its sensitive trigger hairs, and the wound response of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that OECTs are able to record these signals without distortion and with the same resolution as Ag/AgCl electrodes and that they offer a major advantage in terms of signal noise, which allow them to be used in field conditions. This work establishes these organic bioelectronic devices as non-invasive tools to monitor plant signaling that can provide insight into plant processes in their natural environment.

HCV (Hepatitis virus) has been identified as a foremost cause of long-lasting liver disease and has been linked to severe attacks of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that causes abnormal glucose homeostasis. Insulin resistances (IR) and diabetes can occur at any stage of HCV infection. There are several mechanisms for the development resistance against insulin and diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C. The study was carried out during year 2109–2020 in the Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, D.G. Khan. The result of the research ware good and matches the findings of other researcher too. Maximum numbers of respondents have never practiced smoking, alcohol, aspirin, urination, fatigue, exercise, hunger and thirst. Diabetic patients have also gone for all type of their diabetes test. While HCV responds were good as maximum number of respondents have done test and they have also stop smoke, alcohol etc.

Lead-based electro-ceramic compositions are excellent energy storage materials used for high-energy storage density applications in dielectric ceramic capacitors. However, these materials have lead contents in their compositions, making them toxic, with a negative impact on human health and the environment. For this reason, we synthesized a lead-free bismuth-based electro-ceramic perovskite, 0.80(0.92Bi1/5Na1/5TiO3-0.08BaTiO3)-0.20(Na0.73Bi0.09NbO3−xTa2O5), abbreviated (BNT-BT-NBN1−xTx), from mixed oxides with doping of tantalum (Ta) at different concentrations, using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The effects of Ta doping on the phase evolution, microstructure development, and energy storage applications were investigated. Detailed powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a pure perovskite phase with Ta doping at ≤0.05. Furthermore, it was observed that excessive addition of Ta has been resulted in secondary phase generation. Scanning electron microscopy validated the development of dense microstructures with a reduced grain size for the Ta concentration of ≤0.01. Electrochemical analysis revealed a maximum polarization (Pm) of ~22 µC/cm2 and a recoverable energy density of 1.57 J/cm3 with 80% efficiency for Ta doping at 0.05 with an applied field of 175 kV/cm. These results demonstrate the development of enhanced ferroelectric characteristics in an as-synthesized electro-ceramic perovskite for high-energy storage density applications in electro-ceramic capacitors.

In an intelligent multi-target tracking (MTT) system, the tracking filter cannot track multi-targets significantly through occlusion in a low-altitude airspace. The most challenging issues are the target deformation, target occlusion and targets being concealed by the presence of background clutter. Thus, the true tracks that follow the desired targets are often lost due to the occlusion of uncertain measurements detected by a sensor, such as a motion capture (mocap) sensor. In addition, sensor measurement noise, process noise and clutter measurements degrade the system performance. To avoid track loss, we use the Markov-chain-two (MC2) model that allows the propagation of target existence through the occlusion region. We utilized the MC2 model in linear multi-target tracking based on the integrated probabilistic data association (LMIPDA) and proposed a modified integrated algorithm referred to here as LMIPDA-MC2. We consider a three-dimensional surveillance for tracking occluded targets, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other autonomous vehicles at low altitude in clutters. We compared the results of the proposed method with existing Markov-chain model based algorithms using Monte Carlo simulations and practical experiments. We also provide track retention and false-track discrimination (FTD) statistics to explain the significance of the LMIPDA-MC2 algorithm.

SOCIALIZATION AND TRAINING ON THE UTILIZATION OF MIXED ANTAGONISTIC MICROBIAL BIOPESTICIDES TO CONTROL SHALLOTS IN THE RAINY SEASON. The constraints on shallot cultivation in the rainy season are the more severe attacks of Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt) and Alternaria porii (purple disease). Solid formula of Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp. B8, and Bacillus sp. B11 have been proven to increase their effectiveness and also cultivation technique and environmental modification. However, the benefit of the technology did not informed members of Farmers Group in Tambaksogra Village, Sumbang Regency, Banyumas District yet. The objectives of the activity are to increase farmers’ knowledge and skills on shallot cultivation technique out of the season, to multiply and to apply the antagonistic microbes solid mixed formula, to increase the crop production quantity and quality, and to increase farmers’ income. The method used was transfer of the technology through education, training, and demplot. The activities carried out were socialization of the potency and application of shallot cultivation technique out the season, multiplication and application of the antagonistic microbial solid mixed formula with the use of available media at the location, demonstration plot of the shallot cultivation technology with the application of the solid mixed formulation compared to single antagonistic, and farmers’ accompaniment in implementing the technology package. Result showed that there was an increase in farmers’ knowledge on the potency and application of solid formula biopesticides by 69.61%, as well as an increase skill in making solid formula biopesticide and its application by 64.33%.

Internet of things (IoT) is one of key pillars in fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) networks. It is estimated to have 42 billion IoT devices by the year 2025. Currently, carbon emissions and electronic waste (e-waste) are significant challenges in the information & communication technologies (ICT) sector. The aim of this article is to provide insights on green IoT (GIoT) applications, practices, awareness, and challenges to a generalist of wireless communications. We garner various efficient enablers, architectures, environmental impacts, technologies, energy models, and strategies, so that a reader can find a wider range of GIoT knowledge. In this article, various energy efficient hardware design principles, data-centers, and software based data traffic management techniques are discussed as enablers of GIoTs. Energy models of IoT devices are presented in terms of data communication, actuation process, static power dissipation and generated power by harvesting techniques for optimal power budgeting. In addition, this article presents various effective behavioral change models and strategies to create awareness about energy conservation among users and service providers of IoTs. Fog/Edge computing offers a platform that extends cloud services at the edge of network and hence reduces latency, alleviates power consumption, offers improved mobility, bandwidth, data privacy, and security. Therefore, we present the energy consumption model of a fog-based service under various scenarios. Problems related to ever increasing data in IoT networks can be solved by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) along with machine learning (ML) models in IoT networks. Therefore, this article provides insights on role of the ML in the GIoT. We also present how legislative policies support adoption of recycling process by various stakeholders. In addition, this article is presenting future research goals towards energy efficient hardware design principles and a need of coordination between policy makers, IoT devices manufacturers along with service providers.

When the war of independence in 1857 against British imperialism had failed and when the Muslims were unstable both economically and educationally, the Britishers were very pleased. At that time, Allah Almighty sent down two schools of thought: one promoted modern education at Aligarh while the other reawakened the spirit of getting ancient learnings of Deoband. They also played a great role in the creation of Pakistan. These institutes produced many intellectuals and scholars who served in these institutes. One of them was Yusaf Banori who belonged to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He founded a religious institution in Karachi. Thus, the whole vicinity is famous after its name as Banori Town. Scholars of all schools of thought were greatly impressed by his personality. This is the reason that he was unanimously appointed as president of 'The Assembly to Protect the Finality of Prophethood” (Majilis-e-Khatam-e-Nabuwat). With his religious insight, he was successful to make the then Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto declare the Qadianis Non-Muslim in the General Assembly by running a nonviolent movement. Therefore, the Qadianis were declared as Non-Muslim minority in 1973 as a result of his movement on a national level. Besides, he had been an author of so many books. Many of those books were published by Jaamia Azuhar, Cairo Egypt. He died on the 17th of October, 1977 and buried in his Madrassa.

Abstract Background Phytochromes are plant photoreceptors that have long been associated with photomorphogenesis in plants; however, more recently, their crucial role in the regulation of variety of abiotic stresses has been explored. Chilling stress is one of the abiotic factors that severely affect growth, development, and productivity of crops. In the present work, we have analyzed and compared physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses in two contrasting phytochrome mutants of tomato, namely aurea (aur) and high pigment1 (hp1), along with wild-type cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) under chilling stress. In tomato, aur is phytochrome-deficient mutant while hp1 is a phytochrome-sensitive mutant. The genotype-specific physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses under chilling stress in tomato mutants strongly validated phytochrome-mediated regulation of abiotic stress. Results Here, we demonstrate that phytochrome-sensitive mutant hp1 show improved performance compared to phytochrome-deficient mutant aur and wild-type MT plants under chilling stress. Interestingly, we noticed significant increase in several photosynthetic-related parameters in hp1 under chilling stress that include photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, stomatal aperture, transpiration rate, chlorophyll a and carotenoids. Whereas most parameters were negatively affected in aur and MT except a slight increase in carotenoids in MT plants under chilling stress. Further, we found that PSII quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSII operating efficiency (Fq′/Fm′), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were all positively regulated in hp1, which demonstrate enhanced photosynthetic performance of hp1 under stress. On the other hand, Fv/Fm and Fq′/Fm′ were decreased significantly in aur and wild-type plants. In addition, NPQ was not affected in MT but declined in aur mutant after chilling stress. Noticeably, the transcript analysis show that PHY genes which were previously reported to act as molecular switches in response to several abiotic stresses were mainly induced in hp1 and repressed in aur and MT in response to stress. As expected, we also found reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, and higher accumulation of protecting osmolytes (soluble sugars, proline, glycine betaine) which further elaborate the underlying tolerance mechanism of hp1 genotype under chilling stress. Conclusion Our findings clearly demonstrate that phytochrome-sensitive and phytochrome-deficient tomato mutants respond differently under chilling stress thereby regulating physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses and thus establish a strong link between phytochromes and their role in stress tolerance.