Search

Orphenadrine is an anticholinergic ,antimuscarinic , centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant .It presents in the form of citrate and HCl salts which are used in treatment of the symptoms of mild Parkinson's disease and also it is used as adjuvant with other drugs in the therapy . Many trials were made to formulate Orphenadrine citrate as a plain tablet using wet granulation or direct compression technique in order to get a satisfactory formula through studying the effect of various factors such as binders , diluents and disintegrants types . The best formula was obtained by using Poly Vinyl Pyrolidine (PVP) as a binder also the results indicated that starch and mannitol gave acceptable physical properties to the tablets when they were used as diluents . At the same time , the results showed that Avicel which was used as a disintegrant gave an acceptable disintegration and dissolution time in comparison with the reference tablet DISIPAL Ò. In addition , the selected formula was used to study the effect of method of incorporation of disintegrant on the physical properties of tablets .It was found that the intragranular incorporation resulted in a shorter disintegration and dissolution times .The stability of Orphenadrine citrate prepared tablets was also studied upon storage at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C for four months .The drug was fairly stable and the expiration date for the prepared tablet was considered to be equal for 5 years .On the other hand , the results of clinical study on patients suffering from Parkinson's disease indicated that patients with tremor (regular rhythmic oscillation of extremities especially hand and finger ) and mild symptoms of Parkinson's disease showed a good response to the prepared tablets , but it had no effect on patients of dystonia ( fixed upward gaze , neck twisting ,clenching jaws ) and akinesia ( slow down of movement of voluntary muscle and difficulty of initiation of movement ). The overall results of this study indicate that the drug can be prepared as tablets , which fit the requirements of British Pharmacopoeia since the prepared tablets gave satisfactory results .

Introduction Nonacog beta pegol (N9- GP) is a glyco PEGylated recombinant factor IX ( FIX) with an extended half-life developed for routine prophylaxis and the prevention and treatment of bleeding episodes in patients with haemophilia B. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics ( PK) of N9- GP. Methods Data from 41 previously treated haemophilia B patients, enrolled globally (16 adolescents/adults and 25 children; FIX activity ≤0.02 IU mL−1) with no history of FIX inhibitors, were included. N9- GP was administered once-weekly as 10 IU kg−1 or 40 IU kg−1 in adolescents/adults and 40 IU kg−1 in children. Blood was sampled up to 168 h (1 week) post dose. Standard PK was estimated on the basis of plasma FIX activity vs. time ( PK profiles) using non-compartmental methods. Furthermore, a population PK analysis and FIX activity predictions were performed. Results Incremental recoveries were 0.02 ( IU mL−1)/( IU kg−1) in both adolescents/adults and children. The extended half-life resulted in mean trough levels of 0.27 IU mL−1 for adolescents/adults and 0.17 IU mL−1 for children at steady-state after weekly dosing at 40 IU kg−1. The population PK analysis confirmed a mono-exponential decay in FIX activity and allowed for predictions of FIX activity for adolescents/adults above 0.15 IU mL−1 at all times and 6.4 days week−1 in children. Conclusion N9- GP has the potential to shift previously treated haemophilia B patients from a severe/moderate disease state into a mild- or non-haemophilic range for most of the dosing interval, which is expected to reduce the number of bleeding episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The paradigm™2 and 4 phase 3 clinical trials investigated the safety and efficacy of nonacog beta pegol, a recombinant glyco PEGylated factor IX ( FIX) with extended half-life, in previously treated haemophilia B patients. Aim These post hoc analyses investigated the bleeding patterns in target joints. Methods Patients randomized to 40 or 10 IU kg−1 once weekly prophylaxis who had at least one target joint were included. Baseline demographics and disease-specific data were collected. Bleeding patterns were assessed, and an International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis ( ISTH) definition of target joints was used. Results A total of 67% and 8% of patients in the 40 and 10 IU kg−1 arm, respectively, did not experience target joint bleeds during the paradigm™2 trial. Twenty-four target joints were recorded in each prophylaxis arm at baseline. During the paradigm™2 trial, no bleeds were reported in 17 (71%) and 7 (29%) target joints in the 40 and 10 IU kg−1 arms respectively. All target joint bleeds in the 40 IU kg−1 once weekly prophylaxis arm were controlled with a single injection of 40 IU kg−1 nonacog beta pegol. By the latest ISTH definition, 90% and 58% of target joints in the 40 and 10 IU kg−1 arms, respectively, were no longer considered target joints at the end of the paradigm™2 trial. At the end of the paradigm™4 extension trial, all target joints in the 40 IU kg−1 arm were no longer considered target joints. Conclusion Routine prophylaxis with 40 IU kg−1 once weekly nonacog beta pegol has the potential for effective management of target joint bleeds in haemophilia B patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which examines the safety of turoctocog alfa for prevention and treatment of bleeding, and to develop inhibitors for blood coagulation factors VIII. Topics discussed include haemostatic effect during treatment of bleeding, several medical conditions like increased aspartate aminotransferase, and increased alanine aminotransferase related to turoctocog alfa, and treatment of bleeding episodes in adult, adolescent and paediatric patients.

أن استخدام التمرينات الخاصة بالتدريب الرياضي المتطور الذي يشهده العالم وخصوصا في رياضات التحمل له اهمية كبيرة في تطوير الانجاز وخصوصا رياضة التجديف (الكاياك).لذلك وجد الباحثان أن المشكلة في زمن أنجاز لاعبي المنتخب الوطني العراقي (المتقدمين) في فعالية 500م تجديف (كاياك) وقد أعزى الباحثان ســبب ذلــك الــى ضــعف فــي بعــض القــدرات البدنیــة الخاصة محددين تحمــل القوة ولاجــل الارتقـاء بمستوى اللاعب بما یتناســب ومــستلزمات التطــور فــي هــذا لـــذا أرتكز هدف البحث في التعرف على تأثير التمرينات خاصة في تطوير تحمل القوة وانجاز (500م) تجديف (كاياك) بعد تطبيقها على عينة البحث ضمن منهج تدريبي لمدة شهرين وبواقع (3) وحدات تدريبية بالاسبوع ، مستخدمين منهج البحث التجريبي باسلوب المجموعتين المتكافئتين،حيث تمثل البحث بلاعبي المنتخب الوطني للمتقدمين بالتجديف (الكاياك) البالغ عددهم (8) مجدفين وتم أختيارهم بالطريقة العمدية، وقسموا الى مجموعتين كل مجموعة (4) مجدفين الاولى ضابطة والاخرى تجريبية، وأستنتج الباحثان ان ممارسة افراد المجموعة التجریبیة للتمرینات الخاصة المعدة من قبل الباحثان والاستمرار على ممارستها بانتظام كان له تاثیر ایجابي في تطویر تحمل القوة وتقدم المستوى في الانجاز، ومن خلال ذلك أوصى الباحثان على أستخدام هذه التمرینات لما لها من تاثیر ایجابي في تطویر الصفات البدنیة ومنها صفة تحمل القوة وبالتالي الارتقاء بمستوى الانجاز الریاضي.

Angiosarcoma in the setting of immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients is exceedingly rare. In this report, we describe the occurrence of angiosarcoma arising at an arteriovenous fistula site of a 39-year-old renal transplant recipient that clinically mimicked a thrombosed aneurysm. These tumors are histologically high-grade and clinically aggressive malignancies. They have a predilection for arteriovenous fistula sites. The literature on this uncommon entity is reviewed and possible histogenesis is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis bakteri patogen pada tanaman kantong semar (Nepenthes sp.). Penelitian ini meliputi pengamatan gejala dan eksplorasi penyakit pada daun, batang dan akar Nepenthes, isolasi bakteri patogen dari gejala, uji patogenesitas pada tanaman inang, uji hipersensitif pada daun tembakau, karakterisasi morfologi koloni dan morfologi sel, dan identifikasi secara biokimia dan fisiologi. Hasil penelitian mennjukkan gejala bercak cokelat kebasahan pada daun N. mirabillis disebabkan oleh Erwinia sp., gejala bintik kuning pada daun N. ampullaria dan N. rafflessiana disebabkan oleh bakteri Xanthomonas sp., sedangkan gejala busuk hitam pada batang N. ampullaria dan N. rafflessiana disebabkan oleh bakteri Pseudomonas sp. Kata kunci: bakteri patogen, eksplorasi, identifikasi, Nepenthes