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Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a highly prevalent disease in Malaysia. Early identification using cost-effective methods such as chest radiography can reduce the health burden of a TB epidemic. However, normal chest radiographic findings are common. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of smear-positive pulmonary TB with normal chest radiographic findings during an outbreak. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 56 pulmonary TB cases registered at Kodiang Health Clinic from April to October 2022. Smear-negative and extrapulmonary TB cases were excluded. Relevant information was extracted from the medical records and recorded in a case report form for data management and analysis. Results: Approximately 60.7% of the cases had symptoms lasting >2 weeks, and 89.3% showed abnormal findings upon clinical examination. Additionally, 73.2% had sputum acid-fast bacilli counts of ≥1+, and the sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and sensitivity test findings were positive in 82.1% of the cases. The proportion of smear-positive pulmonary TB with normal chest radiographic findings was 42.9%. The factors associated with smear-positive pulmonary TB with normal chest radiographic findings included being under 18 years old (P=0.021), being a student (P=0.010), being single (P=0.012) and being asymptomatic (P=0.04). Conclusion: Normal chest radiographic findings may lead to a misdiagnosis of smear-positive pulmonary TB, especially during an outbreak. Therefore, active case detection among close contacts with risk factors for normal radiographic findings should consider additional supportive tests.

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membangun ikat pinggang smart yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi dini ketika terjadi penculikan anak. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi dini penculikan anak adalah berdasarkan input data dari integrasi sensor multi-modal dan Global Positioning System (GPS) yang dapat terhubung ke smartphone orang tua menggunakan jaringan telephone berbasis SIM800L. Adapun sensor multi-modal yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi keadaan pergerakan anomali anak ketika terjadi penculikan adalah sensor IMU, getar, dan push button. Pada penelitian ini, kami menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 untuk mengolah data sensor multi-modal dan GPS, kemudian SIM800L untuk mengirim kondisi dan posisi anak ke smartphone orang tua melalui panggilan telephone dan Short Message Service (SMS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikat pinggang smart dapat mendeteksi kondisi anak dengan tiga level informasi, yaitu “aman”, “hati-hati”, dan “penculikan”, serta dapat memberi peringatan ke smartphone orang tua pada kondisi hati-hati dan penculikan. Kata kunci: Sensor Multi-Modal, Ikat Pinggang Smart, Penculikan Anak. ABSTRACT This study aims to build a smart belt that can be used for early identification when child abduction occurs. The method used for early detection of child abductions is based on data input from integrating multi-modal sensors and Global Positioning System (GPS), which can be connected to the child's parent's smartphone via a SIM800L-based mobile phone network. The multi-modal sensors used to detect the anomaly of children's movements when abduction occurs are IMU, vibration, and push button sensors. In this study, we used an ESP32 microcontroller to process the multi-modal sensor and GPS data, then SIM800L to send the child's condition and position to the parent's smartphone via phone calling and Short Message Service (SMS). The results of this research show that smart belts can detect a child's condition with three levels of information, namely “safe”, “caution”, and “abduction”, and can provide warnings to parents' smartphones regarding caution and abduction. Keywords: Multi-Modal Sensor, Smart Belt, Child Abduction.

In the present work, Zinc-oxide nanostructures and Ce/Zinc-oxide nanopetals were synthesized by a new environmentally friendly green synthesis method using the Withania coagulans plant. Cerium nitrate Ce(NO3)3 and zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2 were used as precursors. The prepared nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV–vis). Crystal planes (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112) and (201) at 2θ 31.75°, 34.35°, 36.2°, 47.55°, 56.6°, 62.75°, 66.3°, 67.9°, and 69.09° respectively confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of Zinc-oxide. Angular shifts for Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide and Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetal nanostructures were observed in the (100) and (101) planes of the crystal. More specifically, using Scherrer's equation, the crystallite sizes of Zinc-oxide, Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, and Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals were 16.48 ± 02 nm, 17.8 ± 2 nm, 18.8 ± 2 nm, and 18.87 ± 2 nm, respectively. The pure Zinc-oxide grain had the appearance of a nanoflower. On the other hand, the nanopetal structure of Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals had oval-shaped nanopetal morphology. The absorption peaks were observed at 373, 376.4, 377, and 378 nm for Zinc-oxide, Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, and Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, respectively, which results in a progressive redshift. The gap energies of Zinc-oxide, Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, and Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals were 2.796, 2.645, 2.534, and 2.448 eV, respectively. Photodegradation under visible light (>400 nm) indicates the high efficiency of the photocatalyst based on Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals. DFT calculations, structural changes, charge analysis, and electronic band structures were carried out to confirm the experiment.

Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) or Family Physicians (FPs) also called General Physicians (GPs) are the first port of call or entry point in the healthcare system. It is established through evidence that regions with functioning and well-organised primary care systems have better health outcomes. One of the components of primary care is disease prevention which is associated with reduced mortality, morbidity, and overall betterimproved health. Countries with a higher proportion of PCPs in the population have reduced all-cause mortality ratios across various age groups [1]. To have a better understanding of the existing primary healthcare system let’s answer these questions. Why is primary care important? Why is it underutilized in our country? Why the imbalance exists? Is the discipline of family medicine or general practice recognised? Are we producing trained primary care physicians to strengthen our country’s primary care system? In Pakistan, Primary Healthcare (PHC) facilities are either not accessible or have limited resources. Catchment areas or populations for primary healthcare facilities are not well defined either. Hand-held notes or files exist but are not well maintained. Electronic records are found in only a limited number of health facilities in the public and private sectors. Disease registry including the cancer registry at the national level is also lacking. People prefer attending secondary or tertiary healthcare facilities as they have lost trust in the primary healthcare system. This has led to increased disease burden on secondary and tertiary hospitals, late identification and detection of several conditions including non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and eventually poor disease prognosis. With no integration of health services, coordination between primary care physicians and referring specialties, or a framework of referral system existing between primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare facilities the continuity of care cannot be accomplished. Furthermore, inequity in access to health care services due to the paucity of essential health service packages particularly among rural & suburban populations results in higher mortality and morbidity rates in deprived populations. More funding and investments are diverted towards secondary and tertiary care as the center of focus is mainly curative services. Considering the huge burden of diseases, emphasis on preventive services integration into the existing healthcare system is the need of time. Noncommunicable diseases, mental health care, and care of elderly patients at home or nursing homes must be included in the essential healthcare service package. Primary care physicians must be trained in line with the health needs of local communities and local resources. PHC doctors are mainly non-specialists, with limited or no training as primary care physicians. The concept of trained PCPs/family physicians and recognition of Family Medicine as a specialty must happen. Currently, undergraduate medical students are only exposed to tertiary hospitals. Both undergraduate and postgraduate training in this specialty must be promoted alongside creating posts/ job opportunities to encourage new graduates to take up family medicine as a career [2]. It would be imprudent not to consider investing in primary care as significant savings can be achieved. Regions where the primary care system is resilient management of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular conditions, high blood pressure diabetes etc. and prevention and early identification of communicable diseases like hepatitis, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) etc. can be cost-effective. In addition to early recognition of diseases including cancers, and prevention of communicable and noncommunicable diseases (CDs, NCDs) a comprehensive primary care system offers a wide range of services like family planning, immunizations, initial management of acute conditions, cancer screening, antenatal care, new-born examination, 6 weeks check, and screening. It is clear that such measures help reduce health inequality and the outcome is an overall improvement in quality of care. Pakistan is a low-middle-income country with limited resources, and PCPs must act as the gatekeepers of the healthcare system. The concept of the family practice approach has also been supported by the World Health Organisation (WHO). In addition to providing care PCPs also act as health advocates and form the integral component of a country’s health care system. A study conducted in a peri-urban area of Karachi with over 4000 eligible women concluded that a communitybased family planning counselling program can have a short-term impact on the use of contraceptive methods [3]. Contraception counselling by primary care physicians can help promote the long-term and sustainable use of contraceptive methods. This in turn can have an impact on managing overpopulation issues. As per WHO’s recommendations, 3 trained PCPs/family physicians are required for the 10,000 population [4]. With the current paucity of trained family physicians, the implementation of a family practice approach cannot be achieved. In a country of 220 million population, approximately 70,000 trained primary care physicians are required. One way to achieve this is through a bridging programme. Such courses ensure the capacity building of PCPs based in both the public and private sectors. Several institutions (universities and degree awarding bodies) across Pakistan are currently offering such capacity-building programmes, some of them are conducting these courses in collaboration with WHO. Revamping of primary care through PCP’s education and training has started recently and efforts to build on is taking place. There is a huge hiatus in health facilities currently offered in urban and rural parts of Pakistan. All cadres of healthcare workers like doctors, dentists, and paramedics are massively deficient in rural areas. This has resulted in higher maternal mortality in the antenatal and postnatal period, neonatal and infant mortality rates, poor screening of congenital conditions, etc. We must learn from other countries in South Asia like Sri Lanka, Iran, and Nepal where family medicine is considered a specialty. Evidence from these countries suggests that primary care services provided by their trained PCPs have supported their existing healthcare system and led to improvement in the quality of healthcare. A well-organised primary care health system integration into the existing health system is crucial. Supporting the privileged population through Sehat Sahulat programmes and establishing posts/ cadre for trained family physicians in PHC will certainly give the primary care system a boost. Awareness and education of the masses regarding risk factors for various communicable and non-communicable diseases can be effectively achieved through primary care. Another important thing to recognise when offering an essential package of health services is that a team of trained family physicians is required. In the family practice approach, it is the physician’s responsibility to prescribe medications including antibiotics appropriately. Such measures are important to address emerging current antimicrobial resistance and promote guidelines-based prescribing. Strengthening primary care through multi-pronged and evidence-based strategies must be considered. Incentives must be provided for family medicine training for PHC physicians. Such training must be made mandatory for practicing as PCP in public-sector and private-sector healthcare facilities. Keeping in mind the shortage of trained PCPs planning to re-designing and reforming of primary care is urgently required. One option could be a public-private partnership; however, the service should be family physicians’ lead, either by capitation model or fee for service. Both federal and provincial health departments must be on board, and a clear vision and implementation strategies to overcome barriers to accomplish a well-organised primary care system must be set in motion.

This study aims to design a digital kWh-meter prototype to top-up the electricity pulse by automatically using relay modules based on Short Message Service (SMS) and Arduino Uno. The utilization of 12 relay modules to substitute the keypad input function in the digital kWh meter is our basic idea in this study. The method we used to replace the keypad input function with the relay module is based on the integration between the circuit path in the keypad board and the relay module as an electric switch that can activate when the relay gets a trigger from the Arduino Uno. In this study, when the user wants to charge the electric pulse, the user will send the voucher number to the GSM SIM900A module via SMS, then it will be processed to the Arduino Uno. Then Arduino Uno will trigger the relay to be activated so that it can automatically fill the voucher number to the digital kWh-meter. This study result is the success of relay modules can substitute the function of keypad input to fill the voucher pulse number to the digital kWh-meter through SMS with the successful voucher number filling up to 98%. The usefulness of the relay module to change the keypad input function on the digital kWh meter is our original idea for this study.

Objectives In low/middle-income countries (LMICs), more than half of patients with first-episode psychosis initially seek treatment from traditional and religious healers as their first care. This contributes to an excessively long duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). There is a need for culturally appropriate interventions to involve traditional and spiritual healers to work collaboratively with primary care practitioners and psychiatrists through task-shifting for early detection, referral and treatment of first episode of psychosis.Methods To prevent the consequences of long DUP in adolescents in LMICs, we aim to develop and pilot test a culturally appropriate and context-bespoke intervention. Traditional HEalers working with primary care and mental Health for early interventiOn in Psychosis in young pErsons (THE HOPE) will be developed using ethnographic and qualitative methods with traditional healers and caregivers. We will conduct a randomised controlled cluster feasibility trial with a nested qualitative study to assess study recruitment and acceptability of the intervention. Ninety-three union councils in district Peshawar, Pakistan will be randomised and allocated using a 1:1 ratio to either intervention arm (THE HOPE) or enhanced treatment as usual and stratified by urban/rural setting. Data on feasibility outcomes will be collected at baseline and follow-up. Patients, carers, clinicians and policymakers will be interviewed to ascertain their views about the intervention. The decision to proceed to the phase III trial will be based on prespecified stop–go criteria.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from Keele University Ethical Review Panel (ref: MH210177), Khyber Medical University Ethical Review Board (ref: DIR/KMU-EB/IG/001005) and National Bioethics Committee Pakistan (ref no. 4-87/NBC-840/22/621). The results of THE HOPE feasibility trial will be reported in peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences and disseminated to local stakeholders and policymakers.Trial registration number ISRCTN75347421.

The process of utilizing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) is crucial in addressing and reducing the impact of climate change. The CO2 methanation process, also known as the Sabatier reaction, is considered one of the appealing approaches since it provides synthetic natural gas (SNG), fulfilling the present needs. However, the CO2 methanation reaction demands an exceptionally effective catalyst capable of surpassing the energy barrier associated with eight proton-electron transfers from H2 molecules. Herein, the application of fibrous silica nanospheres along with the fibrous modification of mesostructured silica nanoparticles (MSN) towards CO2 methanation, called the Centre of Hydrogen energy silica (CHE-Si) and CHE-SM was reported. Both catalysts were successfully synthesized by utilizing micro-emulsion techniques and subsequently were characterized with x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption. FTIR results revealed that CHE-SM possessed superior Si-OH and Si-O species than CHE-Si despite displaying low surface area and pore volume. Consequently, CHE-SM achieved above 50% CO2 conversion and CH4 yield at 500 °C while CHE-Si exhibited lower performance. This discrepancy in catalytic performance was due to the fact that CHE-SM was comprised of more active sites that could adsorb and dissociate CO2 and H2 reactants.

The implementation of personalised learning in teaching English has become one of the effective approaches to cater learners’ needs in education. The educators in Malaysia, as in many countries, are interested in exploring the implementation of personalised learning in their lessons. However, the study on personalised learning to teach English in Malaysian schools is scarce. The prevalence of low academic achievement, especially in rural and low-enrolment schools, has led to teacher reluctance to adopt personalised learning approaches, potentially denying students the vital benefits of tailored education essential for their future success and development. Hence, this study aims to explore the implementation of personalised learning to teach English, particularly in Malaysian lowenrolment schools, as well as the challenges and ways to overcome the challenges. Personalised learning is implemented based on the SelfDetermination Theory in this study. This qualitative research used a narrative approach via oral history. Purposive and convenience sampling were used to select a total of four participants for this study. Online semistructured interviews were conducted with the participants to collect the data. The result analysis was trifold, including data transcription, data coding and data analysis to explore the research questions. Findings show that the implications of personalised learning in low-enrolment schools, grounded in the principles of Self-Determination Theory, are vast and promising. Personalised learning in English language education has the potential to transform Malaysia’s educational landscape by nurturing intrinsic motivation, enhancing language skills, engaging students culturally, supporting teacher development, and fostering systemic changes, ultimately improving academic achievement, engagement, and well-being.

Researchers have increasingly turned their attention toward Technology-Enhanced Collaborative Writing (TECW) as a valuable tool for second language acquisition. Despite the rapid adoption of technology in education, there exists a notable research gap concerning the challenges and strategies encountered by Malaysian ESL (English as a Second Language) teachers when incorporating technology into their collaborative writing classrooms. This paper seeks to bridge this gap by shedding light on the specific challenges faced by ESL teachers in Malaysia and the strategies they employ to integrate technology effectively into collaborative writing instruction. The research employs the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2) Model to measure these challenges, employing qualitative data collection methods through interviews with four ESL teachers situated in Kuala Lumpur’s Keramat District, all of whom are participants in the Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) pilot program. These findings emphasize the strategies needed for ESL teachers to elevate the quality of their instruction aspects. Ultimately, this research hopes to provide valuable insights to guide teachers in crafting context-specific guidelines for TECW procedures and offers a foundational framework for enhancing ESL instruction in the Malaysian context.

OBJECTIVES Swaddling of new-borne and infants remains common in the developing world, but little is known about maternal knowledge of swaddling. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of safe swaddling practices among mothers of neonates visiting a Tertiary-Care Hospital. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted in the paediatric unit of tertiary care hospital in Peshawar city, Pakistan, between July and December 2018. A total number of 370 mothers of neonates who volunteered their participation were selected using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The study was based on a questionnaire comprised of socio-demographic and other questions related to the knowledge of safe swaddling practices. RESULTS A total number of 370 mothers of neonates knowledge were assessed. The study participants ranged between 17 - 49 years, with a mean age of 27.14 (SD ± 5.46). Of the total, 365 (98.6%) mothers were swaddling their babies, while only 5 (1.3%) reported not practising swaddling. Most mothers (51.1%) had good knowledge, while 44.3% had adequate knowledge, and only 4.6% had insufficient knowledge regarding safe swaddling. Knowledge of safe swaddling increased with age and parity. Most mothers (90%) correctly identified that "cotton cloth or light blanket should be used to swaddle baby". CONCLUSION It is concluded from this study that most mothers have adequate knowledge about safe swaddling, and the level of knowledge increases with age and parity. Safe swaddling techniques and information should be given to mothers at the beginning of antenatal care to benefit from its positive outcomes and, at the same time to avoid its drawbacks.

Lack of appropriate knowledge and awareness among the providers and community about the risk factors and essential life style changes is the leading cause of increasing morbidity and hospital admissions due to non-communicable diseases in our country. The foundations of a patient-centred healthcare system in Pakistan needs to be laid down as a priority. Strengthening of capacity building of the primary healthcare teams across all provinces and building an early primary care physician contact must be ensured at all levels.

Given the rising consumption of plastic products, it is becoming imperative to prioritize the recycling of plastic items as a solution to reducing plastic waste and environmental pollution. In this context, this research focuses on assessing the impact of incorporating rice husk and wood flour into recycled high-density polyethylene (rec-HDPE) to analyze its mechanical properties, flammability, and thermal stability. The combined rec-HDPE content of wood flour and rice husk varied between 0% and 20%. The rec-HDPE content of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was fixed at 3%. Mechanical characteristics such as flexural, tensile, and impact strengths were assessed. Cone calorimetry (CC) tests, limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, and horizontal and vertical burning tests were performed to determine the flammability or fire retardancy of these composites. On the other hand, to characterize the thermal characteristics of these composites, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used. To further characterize the fluctuation in these characteristics, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies were carried out. The mechanical characteristics were found to be increased in response to adding rice husk or wood flour. An 8% increase in tensile strength and a 20% increase in elastic modulus enhancement were recorded for a 20% rice husk-added composite. SEM revealed the reason for the variation in tensile properties, based on the extent of agglomeration and the extent of uniform distribution of fillers in rec-HDPE. Following these lines, the 20% rice husk-added composite also showed a maximum increase of around 6% in its flexural strength and a maximum increase of 50% in its flexural modulus. A decrease in impact strength was recorded for rice husk and wood flour-reinforced composites, compared with unreinforced rec-HDPE. Hybrid composites displayed a lack of mechanical strength due to changes in their nature. FTIR tests were performed for a much more elaborate analysis to confirm these results. Twenty percent of rice husk-added rec-HDPE displayed the best thermal properties that were tested, based on TGA and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis. This 20% composite also displayed the best fire-retardancy characteristics according to UL 94 tests, cone calorimetry tests, and limited oxygen index tests, due to the barrier created by the silica protective layer. These tests demonstrated that the incorporation of both fillers—rice husk and wood flour—effectively enhanced the thermal, mechanical, and fire-retardant attributes of recycled HDPE.

Abstract Background Over the last decade, the emphasis on improving the education and training of family physicians has increased. World Health Organization has also emphasized the importance of a trained primary care workforce. In 2017, Khyber Medical University (KMU) Peshawar initiated a one-year Postgraduate Diploma in Family Medicine for doctors working in primary care, to upgrade their skills and knowledge as Family Physicians. To justify the allocation of resources, there is a need for research on the impact of such programs. This study explores the impact of Diploma in Family Medicine (DFM) on primary care doctors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It also identifies the barriers associated with learning and its translation to practice. Methods A mixed-method explanatory study was conducted from February 2019-2020. Forty-five graduates from the DFM program at KMU were invited to participate in this study. The quantitative data was collected through questionnaires (n=30) and the results were then explained further through qualitative focus group interviews (n=24). Descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data and thematic analysis was performed for the qualitative data. Results The respondents (n=30/45) were satisfied from the course content and delivery. They agreed that the course is useful (93.3%), relevant to their learning needs (86.7%) and they were able apply it to their clinical practice (100%). The qualitative findings also corroborated that the course improved both the clinical and consultation skills of the participants. The learning environment encouraged them to identify their learning needs and attain new competencies. They reported being more patient-centered and evidence-based, which increased patients’ satisfaction. The program also resulted in increased career opportunities and other monetary benefits. Despite the blended nature of the program, the participants found it challenging to balance training with the provision of services. Conclusion One-year Postgraduate Diploma in Family Medicine is focused, practical and relevant to the learning needs of primary healthcare physicians. The policymakers should consider provision of such training opportunities in both public and private-sector. Future research should explore the long-term impact of such programs on healthcare outcomes.

Exact solutions of nonlinear equations have got formidable attraction of researchers because these solutions demonstrate the physical behaviour of a model. In this paper, we focus on extracting some new exact solutions of a (4+1)-dimensional Davey–Stewartson-Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (DSKP) equation. To find new travelling wave solutions of the DSKP equation, we use (G′G′+G+A)-expansion technique. The obtained solutions are in the form of the exponential and trigonometric functions. We obtain different kinds of waves solutions for specific values of parameters. We simulate the achieved solutions in 3D and 2D plots.

Food is a critical aspect of community resilience. The Covid-19 pandemic, however, has affected the natural environment, making food supply scarce and ultimately impacting economic and national stability. Despite this, the Mowewe community shares a local culture by which its people get empowered to maintain food security. Therefore, this study aims to discover and describe the local community's culture in Mowewe District in establishing a food security system. The method used was ethnography with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, after which the data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The findings revealed that the local culture of the Mowewe community was built upon the concept of Mekambare, principles of gotong royong (cooperation), and ecological adaptation. The Mowewe community was of deep concern for the pattern of life balance during the pandemic. They took advantage of natural resources by clearing agricultural land to grow rice, corn, patchouli, and sago and keeping bees in the forest to produce honey for an additional source of income and immunity

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh model pembelajaran blended learning terhadap hasil belajar IPA materi cahaya dan alat optik pada siswa kelas VIII di SMPN 3 Salahutu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen, dengan sampel sebanyak 66 siswa yang terbagi dalam kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini yakni instrumen tes (tes berbentuk pilihan ganda) dan non-tes (lembar observasi guru). Instrumen tes telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas, sehingga dari 50 soal, diperoleh 30 soal yang valid dan reliabel untuk selanjutnya digunakan sebagai instrumen pengukuran. Hasil tes siswa kemudian diuji statistik menggunakan uji t. Berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh nilai thitung sebesar 2,171 dan ttabel sebesar 2,036 sehingga thitung >ttabel. Hal ini berarti Ho ditolak pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran blended learning terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa diterima. Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran blended learning; hasil belajar; cahaya dan alat optik ABSTRACT This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the blended learning model on the science learning outcomes of light and optical instruments in class VIII students at SMPN 3 Salahutu. The type of research used is quasi-experimental, with a sample of 66 students divided into experimental and control classes. The instruments in this study are test instruments (multiple choice tests) and non-tests (teachers' observation sheets). The test instrument has been tested for validity and reliability, so that from 50 questions, 30 questions are valid and reliable to be used as measurement instruments. The students' test results were then statistically tested using the t-test. Based on data analysis, the value of tcount is 2.171 and ttable is 2.036 so that tcount > ttable. This means that Ho is rejected at the significant level = 0.05. Based on this description, it can be concluded that Ha which states that there is an influence of the blended learning learning model on students' science learning outcomes is accepted. Keywords: blended learning model; learning outcomes; light and optical devices

Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been consistently under-represented in the pool of contributors to academic journals on health. For the past two decades, prominent voices within the psychiatric profession have called for better representation of LMICs in the interest of advancing the understanding of mental health globally and benefiting health systems in these countries.Objective: To investigate the absolute and relative representation of authors affiliated to institutes from LMICs in the most influential journals on mental health in 2019.Method: Thirty top-ranking journals on mental health based on Scimago Journal Rank were selected, and all papers other than correspondence and letters to the editor published in those journals in 2019 were examined to extract the country of affiliation of each of their authors and their position (corresponding author, first author, second author).Results: Of the 4022 articles examined, 3720 articles (92.5%) were written exclusively by authors from high-income countries (HICs); 302 (7.5%) featured one or more authors from a LMIC along with those from HICs; 91 (2.2%) featured authors only from one LMIC; and only 3 (0.07%) featured authors from more than one LMICs but without any co-author from a HIC. The ratio of articles by contributors from LMICs to all the articles published in 2019 in a given journal ranged from 0% to 19%. Of 1855 individual contributors from 45 LMICs, 1050 (56%) were from China.Conclusion: Despite the growth of the global health movement and frequent calls for academic inclusivity, LMICs were significantly under-represented among the authors of papers published in top-ranking journals on mental health in 2019.

Robot Operating System 2 (ROS 2) is a robotic software that uses a set of Quality of Service (QoS) policies to manage the quality of robot data transmissions in a network, such as the RELIABLE and KEEP_LAST options. In ROS 2 node communication, the RELIABLE connection guarantees that all message data can be properly sent from the publisher to the subscriber. However, strict reliability is not guaranteed if the RELIABLE connection uses the KEEP_LAST option to transmit the robot data in the publish–subscribe communication. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of local cache, cache control, and QoS balancing optimization to improve ROS 2 node communication when using the RELIABLE and KEEP_LAST options to transmit multi-robot data in Aggregated Robot Processing (ARP) architecture. Our idea in local cache and cache control is to streamline the sensor data output before processing it when the sensor device produces the data with the same value in a row. Furthermore, QoS balancing optimization aims to balance the DEPTH and DEADLINE QoS configuration to determine the rates and buffer size in ROS 2 node communication. This study shows that combining local cache and QoS balancing optimization improves multi-robot data transmission and cooperation in ARP architecture.

Abstract The 7.5 M w tectonic earthquake that hit Palu City on 28 September 2018 was followed by tsunami and liquefaction, triggered massive mudflows in Balaroa, Petobo, and Jono Oge areas. This study focuses on the generating factors of liquefaction such as the condition of soil lithology, depth of water table, the distance to the focal mechanism, and the thickness of soft sediment. Microtremor data, including the Horizontal Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR), geological condition, and borehole data, were examined to conduct the liquefaction analysis. The analysis results based on the microtremor data showed that the distribution of ground shear strain values in Palu City ranged from 0.75 × 10–4 to 2.56 × 10–4. The distribution of the locations of the liquefaction was correlated to the distribution of ground shear strain values. High ground shear strain values and a shallow groundwater level were discovered in Palu City valley, which indicates that liquefaction in Palu City will undoubtedly occur. The semi-empirical method confirmed that Balaroa, Petobo, and Jono Oge had undergone large-scale liquefaction at a maximum depth of 16 m below the ground level. The average peak of water runoff that generated the mudflow was estimated to be at 11.31 cm3/s. Since the soil has loose soil grain with high water content, the soil will turn into a massive amount of mud during the liquefaction.

This study aims is to build a home security system based on object motion detection using the Robot Operating System 2 (ROS2) and the Raspberry Pi. ROS2 in this study was used to read and process the camera data and to control the buzzer sound. At the same time, the Raspberry Pi hardware functioned to run ROS2 using the Linux Ubuntu 18.04 operating system. The camera function to read the image and video data could be developed for the input device to control the home security systems based on object motion detection. The method used to detect an object motion was Binary-Image Comparison (BIC). This method works by comparing the value of the binary image object with the binary master and using it as a decision-making algorithm when the camera detected the object movement based on the object colors. The object colors that were detected in this study were red, yellow, green, and blue. Each object color was processed using the OpenCV library in the ROS2 node service. After that, all of the nodes communicated through topics to communicating and exchanging the message data. This study has successfully developed a prototype that can generate a buzzer sound warning to the user when the camera detected the object motion based on the object color.

Historically, Indonesia's death penalty does not originate from religious doctrine but a series of democratization processes agreed upon in the legislation. Amidst these processes, two competing opinions respond to Indonesia's death penalty: the retentionist and the abolitionist. These different approaches to address the death penalty, whether imposed or abolished, result in competing perspectives and arguments in regulatory and practical issues both in the national and international arena. This study aimed to revisit the death penalty discourse in Indonesia that opposes the human approach by assuming that the death penalty violates human rights. The data were analyzed in three steps, among other things, unitization, comparison, and conclusion. This study showed that the death penalty remains relevant to Indonesia despite the long struggle of its rejection. It concluded that Indonesia's imposition of the death penalty is regarded as worth defending, with specific and selective applications. The specific application means that the death penalty is applicable for corruptors, drug dealers, terrorists, gross human rights violators, and premeditated murders. Selective application means that a convict sentenced to death must be proven in court with a level of accuracy considered and accepted in law.

Abstract Secretome derived from human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC-S) is rich in soluble bioactive factors (SBF) and offers untapped therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine while avoiding putative cell-related complications. Characterization and optimal generation of AFSC-S remains challenging. We hypothesized that modulation of oxygen conditions during AFSC-S generation enriches SBF and confers enhanced regenerative and cardioprotective effects on cardiovascular cells. We collected secretome at 6-hourly intervals up to 30 h following incubation of AFSC in normoxic (21%O2, nAFSC-S) and hypoxic (1%O2, hAFSC-S) conditions. Proliferation of human adult cardiomyocytes (hCM) and umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC) incubated with nAFSC-S or hAFSC-S were examined following culture in normoxia or hypoxia. Lower AFSC counts and richer protein content in AFSC-S were observed in hypoxia. Characterization of AFSC-S by multiplex immunoassay showed higher concentrations of pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory SBF. hCM demonstrated highest proliferation with 30h-hAFSC-S in hypoxic culture. The cardioprotective potential of concentrated 30h-hAFSC-S treatment was demonstrated in a myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury mouse model by infarct size and cell apoptosis reduction and cell proliferation increase when compared to saline treatment controls. Thus, we project that hypoxic-generated AFSC-S, with higher pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory SBF, can be harnessed and refined for tailored regenerative applications in ischemic cardiovascular disease.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Clinical assessment of head and neck cancers is highly challenging owing to the complexity of regional anatomy and wide range of lesions. The diagnostic evaluation includes detailed physical examination, biopsy and imaging modalities for disease extent and staging. Appropriate imaging is done to enable determination of precise tumor extent and involvement of lymph nodes, and detection of distant metastases and second primary tumors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the initial staging discrepancy between conventional contrasted computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and its impact on management plans for head and neck malignancies. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cross-sectional study in two tertiary-level hospitals. METHODS: This study included 30 patients with primary head and neck malignant tumors who underwent contrasted computed tomography and whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT assessments. The staging and treatment plans were compared with the incremental information obtained after 18F-FDG PET/CT. RESULTS: 18F-FDG PET/CT was found to raise the stage in 33.3% of the cases and the treatment intent was altered in 43.3% of them, while there was no management change in the remaining 56.7%. 18F-FDG PET/CT had higher sensitivity (96% versus 89.2%) and accuracy (93% versus 86.7%) than conventional contrast-enhanced computed tomography. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that 18F-FDG PET/CT had higher sensitivity and accuracy for detecting head and neck malignancy, in comparison with conventional contrast-enhanced computed tomography. 18F-FDG PET/CT improved the initial staging and substantially impacted the management strategy for head and neck malignancies.

Compressed Sensing (CS) theory breaks the Nyquist theorem through random under-sampling and enables us to reconstruct a signal from 10%-50% samples. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a good candidate for application of compressed sensing techniques due to i) implicit sparsity in MR images and ii) inherently slow data acquisition process. In multi-slice MRI, strong inter-slice correlation has been exploited for further scan time reduction through interpolated compressed sensing (iCS). In this paper, a novel fast interpolated compressed sensing (FiCS) technique is proposed based on 2D variable density under-sampling (VRDU) scheme. The 2D-VRDU scheme improves the result by sampling the high energy central part of the k-space slices. The novel interpolation technique takes two consecutive slices and estimates the missing samples of the target slice (T slice) from its left slice (L slice). Compared to the previous methods, slices recovered with the proposed FiCS technique have a maximum correlation with their corresponding original slices. The proposed FiCS technique is evaluated by using both subjective and objective assessment. In subjective assessment, our proposed technique shows less partial volume loss compared to existing techniques. For objective assessment different performance metrics, such as structural similarity index measurement (SSIM), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE) and correlation, are used and compared with existing interpolation techniques. Simulation results on knee and brain dataset shows that the proposed FiCS technique has improved image quality and performance with even reduced scan time, lower computational complexity and maximum information content.

During recent years correlation tracking is considered fast and effective by the virtue of circulant structure of the sampling data for learning phase of filter and Fourier domain calculation of correlation. During the occurrence of occlusion, motion blur and out of view movement of target, most of the correlation filter based trackers start to learn using erroneous samples and tracker starts drifting. Currently, adaptive correlation filter based tracking algorithms are being combined with redetection modules. This hybridization helps in redetection of the target in long term tracking. The redetection modules are mostly classifier, which classify the true object after tracking failure occurrence. The methods perform favorable during short term occlusion or partial occlusion. To further increase the tracking efficiency specifically during long term occlusion, while maintaining real time processing speed, this study proposes tracking failure avoidance method. We first propose, a strategy to detect the occlusion using two cues from the response map i.e., peak correlation score and peak to side lobe ratio. After successful detection of tracking failure, second strategy is proposed to save the target being getting more erroneous. Kalman filter based predictor continuously predicts the location during occlusion. Kalman filter passes this result to Support Vector Machine (SVM). When the target reappears in frame, support vector machine based classifier classifies the correct object using the predicted location of Kalman filter. This decreases the chance of tracking failure as Kalman filter continuously updates itself during occlusion and predicts the next location using its own previous prediction. Once the true object is detected by classifier after the clearance of occlusion, this result is forwarded to correlation filter tracker to resume its operation of tracking and updating its parameters. Together these two proposed schemes show significant improvement in tracking efficiency. Furthermore, this collaboration in redetection phase shows significant improvement in the tracking accuracy over videos containing six challenging aspects of visual object tracking as mentioned in the literature.

Most of the Thermal (Infrared) cameras nowadays are equipped with a motorized lens for focusing a scene manually. The subjective nature of manual focusing makes it an inefficient and cumbersome process. In contrast, Autofocusing (AF) obtains the best focused image based on a quantitative measure with the benefits of convenience and intelligence. Various AF systems for visual cameras have been developed, but relatively less amount of work has been done for thermal imaging systems. This paper presents a Vision and Control based Autofocusing System (VCAFS) comprising: (1) an uncooled thermal camera with motorized lens, (2) a passive contrast-based focus measure, (3) a smoothing operator to avoid local extrema, and (4) two different lens motion controllers. Experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed system on live videos even when the scene and its depth are continuously changing.

The narrators have tried to convey the hadith, its accompanying physical expression, and its reading methods to the listener directly in oral communication. Thus, these learning transmission methods shifted from the oral world to textual word, henceforth it made the narrators rephrase the verbal utterances into written phrases, such as “one separates the fingers”, “his/her voice amplified” and others. The problem is, written expressions might not completely transcribe spoken language, more specifically for the transmitting narrators of the reading methods of the Quranic verses (qirā’at āyāt al-Qur’ān). This article focuses to illustrate forms of narration on the Quranic reading methods in written expressions and the complementary explanations detailed by the narrators. The results appear that some of the narrations on the variety of reading methods of the Qur’an in some Hadith literature required detailed information, such as mentioning the letters of the Arabic letters and how to read specific phrases and punctuation. These additions clarify the variety of the Quranic reading methods hence such utilitarian information is beneficial for the narrations in the mediated world.

The industrial revolution 4.0 is the development of industrial based on the internet, control, robotics, and networking. This study describes the usage of a Robot Operating System (ROS) middleware to answer the challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0 for control the industrial electronic devices and household electronic equipment using Raspberry Pi. ROS has nodes, topics and messages that can be used to manage the Raspberry Pi GPIO pins to be active high (1) or active low (0). The result of this study is the system be able to control the on and off electronic devices through the GPIO pins of Raspberry Pi and relay module based on message commands from the ROS node. The electronic devices had controlled in this study are a fan, light, air conditioner, and room heater that have 110/220 AC voltage.

The paper aims to provide new evidence about the relationship between technological innovation and industrial export in China. In particular, using a unique industry-level data on a panel of China’s 27 two-digit manufacturing industries over the 1998-2010 period, the study empirically investigates the impact of various aspects of technological innovation on export performance of large- and medium-sized industrial enterprises (LMEs). The results based on a system-GMM estimation report that: First, domestic innovation efforts and foreign investment have a significant positive impact on China’s industrial export performance, whereas the former has a relatively stronger influence on export success than the later; Second, the export growth has benefitted greatly from China’s integration into world trade and the effect of trade openness on export boom is greater than both the domestic and foreign innovation efforts. Further, a recent increase in the scientific and technological development staff has initiated the learning process in LMEs and has put a favourable impact on industrial export. Last, market reforms in china have played a crucial role in manufactured export development through improvement in separate ownership and creation of competitive market. These results are robust to several tests, sensitivity checks and alternative variables on diverse channels for technological innovation. Findings of the paper suggest some policy points for designing China’s new development strategy in an era of sluggish growth. Keywords: Technological innovation, Foreign investment, Indigenous innovation, Market-oriented reforms, Industrial export, ChinaJEL Classifications: F14, F23, O14, O31, O32DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.7942

This article aims to clarify the HEBAT module (Appreciation, Exploration and HOTs)for reading. The Module is an approach to teaching and learning to read in the attempt to improve reading literacy among Secondary One to Secondary Four school students. The HEBAT module has been established by the Ministry of Education in preparing students for the PISA Reading Literacy. This module has been developed based on a thematic approach and emphasizes on the techniques and processes of reading as a guide for classroom teaching and learning. Therefore, this paper discussesthe literature related to the HEBAT module, the feasibility of the HEBAT module and the 21st century pedagogiesas well as Higher Order Thinking Skills (HoTS). Overall, this module has an added value towardsteaching and learning of reading of the Malay language. It integrates approaches, covers the strategic aspects of teaching and learning, suggestsactivities, and provides stimulation and simulatingmaterials as well as learning evaluation projects. Since the module emphasis on 21stcentury learning and HoTS, this module is an apt choice for the current teaching and learning situation.

A robot is a prototype that is able to control by automatically to help the human work. Some of the parts to build a robot system are making the mechanical system, hardware, and software. The limitation of cost to make the robot hardware and programming skills are an obstacle to learn and develop the robot system. The development of the robot community nowadays makes the Robot Operating System (ROS) and Gazebo as an interactive media to learn and make the robot simulation. ROS is a middleware that equipped with tools and libraries to create a robot software, while Gazebo is a 3D simulation application to build a robot hardware design. On this paper, the researcher makes a robot simulation to avoid the object using Lidar sensor and camera, the simulation has developed using ROS and Gazebo that be able to use as a media for robot learning interactive.

This data article is constructed using avian (bird) counts from a recently identified trail in Kenyir rainforest, East Peninsular Malaysia. Avian chirps and naked eye visual were simultaneously used to locate the birds. After visual binocular and digital image inspection, identification of avian species were carried out using reference books. Data tabulation are divided by monsoon seasons and months before interpret using Shannon and Evenness indices. The highlights like feeding guilds, nativity, iconic species and statuses in the wild are presented with the data to increase its value. Within these, a total of 457 avian individuals from 36 avian family groups were recorded from which, 25 of these avian species occur as near threatened, vulnerable, endangered and critically endangered in the wild. Having these, the tabulated data becomes a calendar for seasonal availability of avian species which considers the 1.0 km trail suitable for bird watching, scientific study and ecotourism purposes.

Birth defects contribute to ∼0.3% of global infant mortality in the first month of life, and congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect among newborns worldwide. Despite the significant impact on human health, most treatments available for this heterogenous group of disorders are palliative at best. For this reason, the complex process of cardiogenesis, governed by multiple interlinked and dose-dependent pathways, is well investigated. Tissue, animal and, more recently, computerized models of the developing heart have facilitated important discoveries that are helping us to understand the genetic, epigenetic and mechanobiological contributors to CHD aetiology. In this Review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of different models of normal and abnormal cardiogenesis, ranging from single-cell systems and 3D cardiac organoids, to small and large animals and organ-level computational models. These investigative tools have revealed a diversity of pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to CHD, including genetic pathways, epigenetic regulators and shear wall stresses, paving the way for new strategies for screening and non-surgical treatment of CHD. As we discuss in this Review, one of the most-valuable advances in recent years has been the creation of highly personalized platforms with which to study individual diseases in clinically relevant settings.

Particulate matter (PM2.5) has a severe impact on human health. The concentration of PM2.5, related to air-quality changes, may be associated with perceptible effects on people's health. In this study, computer intelligence was used to assess the negative effects of PM2.5. The input data, used for the evaluation, were grid definitions (shape-file), PM2.5, air-quality data, incidence/prevalence rates, a population dataset, and the (Krewski) health-impact function. This paper presents a local (Pakistan) health-impact assessment of PM2.5 in order to estimate the long-term effects on mortality. A rollback-to-a-standard scenario was based on the PM2.5 concentration of 15 μg m−3. Health benefits for a population of about 73 million people were calculated. The results showed that the estimated avoidable mortality, linked to ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, was 2,773 for every 100,000 people, which accounts for 2,024,290 preventable deaths of the total population. The total cost, related to the above mortality, was estimated to be US $ 1,000 million. Therefore, a policy for a PM2.5-standard up to 15 μg m−3 is suggested.

ZnO has risen as a vital material for electron transportation in a greater number of solar cells based on nanostructures because of its abundance, nontoxicity, and high electron mobility. We performed first principle calculations on structural, optical, and electronic properties of 2D zinc oxide monolayer and bilayer honeycomb structures. Our work includes study of wurtzite, zinc blende, and tetragonal bulk structures revealing dimensionality effects. Calculated electronic band gaps affirm the band gap to be direct for all structures, having range (0.561–0.761 eV) using GGA and (0.766–0.910 eV) using LDA+U for bulk structures, while for bilayer and monolayer it is 1.419 eV (GGA), 1.413 eV (LDA+U) and 1.691 eV (GGA), 1.683 eV (LDA+U) respectively. The shrunken Zn–O bond length of monolayer predicts it to be more ionic compared to bulk structures. Moreover, the optical properties like absorption, dielectric function of all honeycomb-like structures are also analyzed. To make a comparison of ionicity of all structures Hirshfeld analysis is made to investigate charge transfer. Absorption spectra are calculated to understand the optical behavior of these systems, especially in visible portion. The absorption efficiency of ZnO was investigated as it could be a promising material for the use in solar cell. For the future, we expect that ZnO would be a potential candidate for solar cell application.

Salah satu tantangan di era revolusi industri 4.0 adalah pengembangan sistem kontrol secara jarak jauh menggunakan koneksi jaringan nirkabel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membangun sistem kontrol perangkat elektronik jarak jauh dengan memanfaatkan jaringan wireless tethering pada smartphone menggunakan topologi Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) dan Robot Operating System (ROS) sebagai perangkat lunak kontrol. Pemanfaatan wireless tethering smartphone untuk berbagi koneksi internet dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengontrol perangkat elektronik yang terkoneksi ke Raspberry Pi. Koneksi jaringan wireless tethering memiliki arsitektur jaringan yang cukup sederhana jika dibandingkan dengan arsitektur pengontrolan jarak jauh lainnya, serta memiliki jarak jangkau koneksi yang cukup jauh dibandingkan dengan koneksi Bluetooth. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk mengontrol perangkat elektronik pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan Remote Access Control (RAC) berbasis protokol SSH. Pemanfaatan wireless tethering dan aplikasi mobile SSH dapat digunakan untuk mengirim perintah ROS message dari smartphone ke Raspberry Pi untuk mengontrol pin GPIO Raspberry Pi agar aktif high atau aktif low. Pada saat ROS message mengirim perintah ke GPIO untuk aktif high, maka sistem akan memberikan instruksi kepada relay untuk menyalakan perangkat elektronik. Selanjutnya pada saat GPIO menerima perintah untuk aktif low, maka sistem akan memberikan instruksi kepada relay untuk mematikan perangkat elektronik. Hasil penelitian ini adalah smartphone android dapat digunakan untuk mengontrol perangkat elektronik seperti lampu, kipas angin, pemanas ruangan, dan air conditioner secara jarak jauh menggunakan jaringan WLAN berdasarkan perintah dari ROS message. Perangkat elektronik pada penelitian ini dapat di kontrol secara efektif pada jarak 20 meter di dalam ruangan dan 40 meter di area bebas hambatan. Abstract One of the challenges in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is the development of control systems by remotely using a wireless network connection. This study aims to build a control system for controlling the electronic devices by remotely with the utilization of wireless tethering network in the smartphone used Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) topology and Robot Operating System (ROS) as software for the controller. Utilization of wireless tethering in the smartphone for share the internet connection can be used for control the electronic devices that connected to the Raspberry Pi. The connection of wireless tethering has a simple architecture when compared with the other architecture of the control system by remotely, it then has a long-range connection when compared to the Bluetooth connection. The methodology has used to manage the electronic devices in this study is used Remote Access Control (RAC) based on SSH protocol. The utilization of wireless tethering and mobile SSH can be used to sends ROS message command from smartphone to the Raspberry Pi to control the Raspberry Pi GPIO pin to active high or active low. When android smartphone send ROS message command to the Raspberry Pi to make the GPIO to active high, the system will instruct the relay to turn on the electronic devices. Then when GPIO accepts the instruction to active low, the system will instruct the relay to turn off the electronic devices. The result of this study is that android smartphone can be used to control the electronic devices such as a lamp, fan, heater, and air conditioner by remotely used WLAN network and command from ROS message. The electronic devices on this study can be controlled by effectively with the distance of 20 meters in the rooms and 40 meters at the outside area.

Along with the increasing overweight and obesity trends among adults and children globally, numerous studies have suggested a strong association between maternal overweight and obesity among their offspring. We sought to report the prevalence and associated factors of intergenerational overweight and obesity among mother–child pairs in Malaysia from 2006 to 2015. Data were analysed from three waves of the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey, a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2006, 2011 and 2015. A mother and the youngest child from each household formed ‘mother–child pairs’ and were grouped according to their body mass index categories. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to determine the factors associated with overweight mother/overweight child pairs (OWM/OWC), with normal weight mother/normal weight child pairs (NWM/NWC) as the reference group. The prevalence of OWM/OWC increased from 15.3% to 21.7%, while the prevalence of NWM/NWC decreased from 28.4% to 23.8% between 2006 and 2015. Older maternal age and having primary and secondary education levels were positively associated with OWM/OWC. Conversely, older child age, Chinese ethnicity, large household size and low-income households were inversely associated with OWM/OWC. In conclusion, intergenerational weight gain is a worrisome trend in Malaysia. These findings may help in guiding priority setting for obesity prevention strategies in Malaysia.

Organic additives are required for alkaline zincate plating baths to obtain an acceptable coating on steel for corrosion protection. The effects and possible interactions of three commercial additives (Eldiem Carrier, Eldiem Booster, and Bright Enhancer 2× on zinc electrodeposition from a high-concentration alkaline zincate bath were investigated. Visually acceptable deposits were produced within the current density range of 130 to 430 A m−2 for most additive conditions examined. Over concentration ranges examined, decreasing the booster concentration led to brighter zinc deposits, and an interaction between the carrier and the booster was detected. The additives fostered the formation of compact and adherent coatings as illustrated by scanning electron microscopy. Throwing power and current efficiency were not impacted by the additives over the concentration ranges examined. Linear sweep voltammetry proved that the additives increased the overpotential for zinc deposition. The additive combination that produced the brightest deposit also demonstrated the strongest adsorption of additives in linear sweep voltammetry.

Suboptimal gestational weight gain has been associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, including increased risk of non-communicable diseases later in life. This study aimed to determine the proportion and determinants of suboptimal GWG. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 475 pregnant women in Selangor between January and March 2020. The study included all pregnant women at their second or third trimester who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A multistage sampling was applied. The GWG adequacy was based on recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (2009). Multinomial logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Out of the 475 respondents, 224 (47.2%) pregnant women had inadequate GWG, 142 (29.9%) had adequate GWG, and 109 (22.9%) had excessive GWG. Multinomial logistic regression showed that having diabetes in pregnancy (AdjOR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.31, 3.83, p = 0.003), middle (M40) monthly household income (AdjOR 2.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.96, p = 0.029), low (B40) monthly household income (AdjOR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.07, 4.72, p = 0.039), and an obese pre-pregnancy BMI (AdjOR 2.77, 95% CI: 1.43, 5.35, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with inadequate GWG. Overweight (AdjOR 5.18, 95% CI: 2.52, 10.62, p < 0.001) and obese pre-pregnancy BMIs (AdjOR 17.95, 95% CI: 8.13, 36.95, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with excessive GWG. Improving maternal and perinatal outcomes requires targeted interventions focusing on these modifiable determinants.

Heavy metal pollution has become a serious problem due to increasing industrial waste, causing damage to water ecological environment, economic development and human health through their toxic effects. A unique Triamine-Iron-ordered mesoporous carbon (TriFeOMC) material was produced via a soft template approach. The ensuing sample of TriFeOMC was tested for the adsorption of arsenic (As) and Lead (Pb) along with its comparison with other two materials, which are Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) and Iron-ordered mesoporous carbon (FeOMC). The adsorption efficiency of TriFeOMC was excellent (92%) for the adsorption of As whereas, OMC has shown higher efficiency (88%) for the adsorption of Pb. The interaction between amino group and acidic groups on the surface of carbon formed a strong layer during Pb ions adsorption process, which resulted decreased adsorption of Pb on TriFeOMC. The Langmuir model fit for OMC, while Freundlich model fit for FeOMC. Both models fit for TriFeOMC for As whereas, Langmuir model showed comparatively better fit for Pb. The adsorption process followed an almost similar way of both pseudo models for Arsenic and Lead adsorption for OMC, FeOMC, and TriFeOMC and the adsorption process has been followed by pseudo-second-order for the adsorption of Pb. The novel material TriFeOMC with large pore volume and large surface area showed excellent results for the adsorption of arsenic from the aqueous solution. The results show the highest efficiency of TriFeOMC for adsorption of arsenic from arsenic-polluted water due to higher adsorption capacity with total pore volume 1.70 to 300.00 nm along with highly suitable pore width of 0.0680 cm3/g for adsorption, and therefore, it is highly recommended to use TriFeOMC for the adsorption of arsenic from polluted water.

This study discusses the alumni network supporting the economic development of an Islamic institution, namely pesantren. In general, the strong alumni networks lead to strengthening the successful economic sector in the pesantren, since the alumni have a sense of belonging to pesantren. This study focuses on how alumni network contributes significantly to the development of business units in Pesantren Ummussabri, Kendari. Doing participatory observation and in-depth interviews, the study had been conducted in Pesantren Ummusabri, particularly in Empang 99 Paleppo unit. Such information had been gathered from the administrator for pesantren’s business division, alumni coordinator and some informants of Empang 99 Paleppo business unit. This study elucidates that a strong pesantren alumni network can improve the pesantren creatively. It clearly can be seen from how the alumni, who have successfully occupied important positions in the government, have established Empang 99 Paleppo. Keywords: alumni network, pesantren, creative economics, Kendari

The research purpose is to build a machine control system for exchange nominal of rupiah's paper money from big nominal to small nominal based on image processing and Raspberry Pi. The method for money exchange is detecting the authenticity of money, nominal of money, and amount of money exchange. The money authenticity was detected by the invisible image and nominal of money was detected by money color. Technique for detection the authenticity and nominal of money are using image processing that is processed on the Raspberry Pi. The algorithm used for detecting the authenticity and nominal of money are using template color algorithm and for exchange amount of money using the greedy algorithm. The research result is system able to detect the authenticity and nominal of paper money IDR 100.000, IDR 50.000, and IDR 20.000 then exchange it with the small nominal of money in accordance with the user choice.

Abstract: This paper discusses the history of learning of the Koran before there is a mushhaf that is during the time of Prophet Muhammad, the pre-Islamic Arab society until the time of Prophet Muhammad was chosen by Allah to be Prophet dominated by oral culture. Therefore, the Prophet taught and transmitted the Qur'an by reading it directly to the companions (musyafahah), so even friends with the same method of teaching the Koran among others. At that time, the written Qur'an had no significant role in the process of learning the Koran. Dar al-Arqam and the house of the Prophet became a place of study of the Koran in the period of Mecca, while in the Medina period there were al-kuttab, shuffah, dar al-qurra 'and the mosque as the center or place of studying the Koran. Some Companions participated and assisted the Prophet in the task of teaching the Koran Keywords: Al-Quran, Learning, Prophet, Companions.

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) constitutes 75–85% of all thyroid cancers. PTC usually presents as a subtle, commonly slow-growing, painless thyroid mass or a solitary nodule in the neck. This presentation of a cystic neck lump, without the presence of a thyroid nodule, may imitate the course of a benign disease, thus delaying diagnosis and proper treatment. Case Report: Three cases that had been initially presented as a cystic neck lesion in which a benign etiology was considered primarily were compiled in this study. PTC was only diagnosed after surgical excision of these cystic neck lesions in the first two cases, and after performing fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and an 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET CT) scan in the latter case. Conclusion: PTC can sometimes present as a cystic neck mass; a presentation which is usually related to a benign lesion. This case series emphasizes that patients who appear to have a solitary cystic neck mass must be treated with a high index of clinical suspicion. Although not a first-line imaging modality, 18F-FDG-PET can be extremely useful in assessing patients with a cystic neck lesion, where diagnosis is still uncertain after standard investigations such as ultrasonography and FNAC have been performed.

The true development is an attempt to liberate himself from poverty and from a dwarf view of himself. Development is dedicated to fostering self-esteem and the ability to make choices about the future. Its industrial relations, in the sense of the relationship between the person doing the work on a person or a legal entity, has already begun with slavery by slaves and servants. The 'wages' they receive are food, clothing and housing. In its development, this concept has given rise to industrial mechanization that is still looking for form. The pattern of partnership between employers and workers has not gone well. Construction of Islamic Economics mengideaalkan industrial system with a partnership pattern that combines shirkah inan and ijarah that allows the existence of profit-loss sharing, so that no party is harmed, either workers or employers. Inan shirkah system in its development provides three alternatives, namely; Employee ownership, Production Sharing and Profit-sharing. With the choice of these patterns, the development of the industry will be in harmony with the humanity and economy, not just the pursuit of growth and rent which in turn will be trapped in capitalization and dehumanization

Visual object tracking (VOT) is a vital part of various domains of computer vision applications such as surveillance, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and medical diagnostics. In recent years, substantial improvement has been made to solve various challenges of VOT techniques such as change of scale, occlusions, motion blur, and illumination variations. This paper proposes a tracking algorithm in a spatiotemporal context (STC) framework. To overcome the limitations of STC based on scale variation, a max-pooling-based scale scheme is incorporated by maximizing over posterior probability. To avert target model from drift, an efficient mechanism is proposed for occlusion handling. Occlusion is detected from average peak to correlation energy (APCE)-based mechanism of response map between consecutive frames. On successful occlusion detection, a fractional-gain Kalman filter is incorporated for handling the occlusion. An additional extension to the model includes APCE criteria to adapt the target model in motion blur and other factors. Extensive evaluation indicates that the proposed algorithm achieves significant results against various tracking methods.

Study of methodology istinbâth of Islamic law, good flow of madhhab Ushul Fiqh and expert of Islamic law termed with ta'ârud al-adillah, ta'âdul al-adillah and taqâbul al-adillah. In addressing ta'ârud al-adillah, the flow of Mutakallimîn and Ahnâf takes unequal steps and methods; First, the stages and methods pursued by Mutakallimîn's flow in resolving the first prefix, al-jam'û wa al-taufîq; Second, al-tarjîh; Third, al-naskh and the last with tasâqut al-dalîlain. While the Ahnâf flow, stages and methods of settling the contradictory propositions use steps; First, al-naskh; Second, al-tarjîh; Third al-jam'u wa al-taufîq and fourth, tasâqut al-dalîlain. Secondly, the similarity of the Mutakallimîn and Ahnâf flows when encountering the arguments of the theorem, both of which use the same method, which is different at the stage of step or stage they are used. Stages and methods adopted by the first Mutakallimin flow of al-jam'u wa al-taufîq, while the first stage and method of Ahnâf flow of the naskh. The flow of Mutakallimîn takes precedence over al-jam'u wa al-taufîq rather than doing tarjîh, while the Ahnâf tarjîh school takes precedence rather than compromise the proposition or al-jam'u wa al-taufîq.

Tanah lempung pada Desa Cot Girek Kandang Kec. Muara Dua Aceh Utara cenderung tidak stabil karena sering mengalami kelongsoran bila musim hujan. Penstabilan tanah dengan kapur dolomit CaMg(CO3)2 lebih dipilih karena kepadatan dan kekerasannya yang dapat meningkat. Tujuan pencampuran ini adalah menentukan nilai Cv (koefisien konsolidasi). Benda uji meliputi tanah tak terganggu dan tak terganggu yang dibentuk melalui pemadatan proctor dengan persentase kapur 5%, 7,5%, dan 10% dengan jumlah benda uji 4 buah. Campuran kapur pada tanah lempung ini dapat menurunkan nilai Cv hingga 2,33 x 10-4 cm2/min pada beban terberat yaitu 8 kg dengan persentase 5% kapur dibanding pada tanah asli yaitu 1,294 x 10-2 cm2/min dan 0% kapur sebesar 1,296 x 10-2 cm2/min pada beban yang sama. Pada 7,5% dan 10% kapur cv kembali meningkat menjadi 1,23 x 10-2cm2/menit dan 3,9 x 10-2 pada beban 8 kg. Dengan demikian pada campuran tanah dengan 5% kapur adalah yang paling baik.

This paper is going to discuss the phenomenon of lesbian Jogja as a social fact. Lesbian behavior is only beginning to be something suitable for consumption by lesbian world, but a decade now, the world becomes a product and lesbian public consumption, like it or not there are very real to all of us before and we have to address in the frame is a multicultural society. Another purpose of this paper does not want to look back on how far the phenomenon of lesbians, particularly in the 1980s or when the author was a student of Anthropology in 2005, as an inscription which is still a draft paper for course assignments Sex, Society, and Culture is still very relevant to today’s world, although in fact, when compared with the world Gay, lesbian world more closed. The method used is descriptive analysis, through the later cases seen in theory and then interpreted. The result of this thinking , states that the discourse of “ lesbian “ in the era of technology is not new and taboo. Today, the lesbian world is very open and acceptable in all walks of life. Lesbian world considered marginal. This assessment is different from the standpoint of psychological, social, cultural, and religious. In the context of a patriarchal tradition, always puts the position of women as subordinate to men. Thus , in order to be accepted in the lesbian community, especially the middle of the environment, whether family, friends hanging out, and the others, then lesbians must take an active role in various social activities, social organizations, even religious.