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Mohammedawel Abdishu,1 Tesfaye Gobena,2 Melake Damena,2 Hassen Abdi,2 Abdi Birhanu3 1Public Health Emergency Management Officer at Gursum District Health Office, Gursum, Oromia Region, Ethiopia; 2Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Harar, Ethiopia; 3Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Harar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Abdi Birhanu, Email abdiibiree@gmail.comBackground: Understanding the determinants of malaria morbidity offers helpful insights toward the changing malaria situation, which might lead to the adjustment of malaria program activities. Even though the determinants of malaria morbidity remain unknown, school-aged children were the highest malaria morbidity contributors in the East Hararghe Zone. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of malaria morbidity among school-aged children in the study area from February 1 to May 31, 2020.Methods: A case-control study was conducted among school-aged children living in ten randomly selected low, moderate, and high malaria transmission kebeles. Cases were confirmed as positive for malaria, while controls were confirmed as negative for malaria among randomly selected school-aged children. Rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) and blood film (BF) malaria testing methods were used. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify association between malaria and its determinants.Results: The determinants of malaria infection were having no formal education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.91, 95% CI: 1.20– 20.17), low family wealth index (AOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.22– 5.12), being from rural residence (AOR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.87– 4.12), living near to stagnant water (AOR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.14– 3.54), having a maximum of three family members (AOR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.18– 0.78), using indoor residual spraying (IRS) (AOR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.08– 0.29) and long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLITN) over the last night (AOR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.10– 0.35), and living in the house surrounded by cultivated land(AOR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.10-0.60) compared with their counterparts.Conclusion: This study revealed that residence, family size, education, wealth index, stagnant water existence, and using LLITN and IRS had significant association with malaria morbidity. Thus, all concerned bodies, including the community should strengthen working on stagnant water elimination around their house to cut the breeding site of the malaria vector mosquito. Moreover, the findings have an important implication for improving interventions targeting the economic status and literacy of the society that may help in the reduction of the risk of malaria in the school-aged children.Keywords: determinants, malaria, school-aged children, Ethiopia

ڤه‌گێرانناسى مینا دیتنه‌كا نوى و بنیاتگه‌رى، هه‌ولا شرۆڤه‌كرنا بنیاتێ ده‌قێ ڤه‌گێرانى ده‌ت. ڤه‌گێرانناسى لدویڤ په‌یدا كرنا ده‌ستور زمانێ چیرۆكێ، ڕێزمانا ڤه‌گێرانێ و ئه‌و سیسته‌مێ زال دناڤ هه‌مه‌ جور ده‌قێن ڤه‌گێرانێ یه‌. گریماس مینا ئێك ژ تیۆر دانه‌رێن ڤه‌گێرانناسیێ؛ برێیا ساده‌كرنا نموونا سیه و ئێك ئه‌ركى یا پرۆپى بسه‌ر شه‌ش ئه‌ركان كو ئه‌و ب كریار ناڤكرن. ئه‌وى برێیا ڤى تیۆرى، كریار و ڕۆلگێرى یا كاراكته‌ران و ئه‌ركێ زنجیره‌یى یا ڤه‌گێرانێ، هه‌ولا ڤه‌دوزینا یاسا و ڕێزمانا گشتى یا ڤه‌گێرانێ دا. ژ تایبه‌تمه‌ندیێن تیۆرا گریماسى ئه‌وه‌ كو لگه‌ل هه‌مى جورێن ده‌قێن ڤه‌گێرانێ دگونجیت. دڤێ ڤه‌كولینێ دا هه‌ول هاتیه‌ دان نموونێن ئاشكرا ژ چیرۆكه‌ شیعرا "به‌رصیصێ عابد" لدویف تیۆرا گریماسى بهێنه‌ شرۆڤه‌كرن. چیرۆكه‌ شیعرا "به‌رصیصێ عابد" ئێك ژ چیرۆكه‌ شیعرێن درێژ و بناڤ وده‌نگ یا فه‌قیێ ته‌یرانه‌ و ژ وان چیرۆكێن پر ململانێ یه‌ دناڤبه‌را مرۆڤ، حه‌ز و باوه‌ریێ.

هه‌رچه‌نده‌ كو سه‌رهلدانا شعرا كلاسیكیا فارسى په‌یوه‌سته‌ ب لاسایكرنا قه‌سیده‌یا عه‌ره‌بیا كه‌ڤن و گه‌له‌ك ژ ئه‌دگارێن قه‌سیده‌یا فارسیا ده‌ستپێكێ نێزیكن ژ قه‌سیده‌یا عه‌ره‌بى، لێ دگه‌ل ڤێ چه‌ندێ ژى ئه‌ڤ شعره‌ خودان كۆمه‌كا تایبه‌تمه‌ندیانه‌ كو پتر به‌رهه‌مێ ژینگه‌ها ئیرانیا قه‌سیدێنه‌، ئێك ژ ڤان تایبه‌تمه‌ندیان زالبوونا مۆركێ هه‌ڤره‌گه‌زخوازى(شاهدبازى) و له‌شكه‌ریێ كۆچكا ده‌ستهه‌لاتدارێن سامانى و غه‌زنه‌وى و سه‌لجوقى لسه‌ر ته‌غه‌زولێن ده‌ستپێكا قه‌سیده‌یانه‌. ل سه‌رده‌مێ ده‌ستهه‌لاتداریا ڤان ده‌وله‌تان و ژبه‌ر وان هێرش و داگیركاریێن كو ئه‌و پێ رادبوون؛ هه‌بوونا غولامان و بكارئینان وان بۆ مه‌به‌ستێن جۆراو جۆر و شانازیكرن ب سوپا و جه‌نگاوه‌ران ب تایبه‌تى غولامێن توركنه‌ژاد به‌شه‌كێ به‌رچاڤ ژ وێنه‌ و ده‌ربرینێن غه‌زه‌لیێن شاعرێن فارس ب خۆڤه‌ گرتیه‌. دیاره‌ دگه‌ل ده‌ربازبوونا ده‌مى و ته‌نانه‌ت پشتى لاوازبوونا قالبێ قه‌سیده‌یێ ژى شاعرێن فارس به‌رده‌وام بووینه‌ لسه‌ر لاسایكرنا ڤان تایبه‌تمه‌ندیان، هه‌تا وى راده‌ى كو پرانیا جاران ئه‌و خۆشتڤیا كو شاعرێن فارس باسدكه‌ن بریتیه‌ ژ كوڕه‌كێ جه‌نگاوه‌ر و سه‌رنجراكێش.دیاره‌ ئه‌ڤ دیارده‌یه‌ ژ ئه‌نجامێ لاسایكرنا شعرا فارسى هاتیه‌ ڤه‌گوهاستن بۆ ناڤ شعرا كوردى و گه‌له‌ك جاران شاعرێن كلاسیكیێن كورد ب ئاوا و بیانۆیێن جیاواز وه‌سفا خۆشه‌ویسته‌كێ نێر و جه‌نگاوه‌ر دكه‌ن یان ئه‌و وێنه‌یێن ئه‌و بكاردئینن به‌رهه‌مێ كاریگه‌ریا مۆركێ شاهدبازى و له‌شكه‌ریێ قه‌سیده‌یا سه‌بكێ خوراسانینه‌.

قه‌سیده‌ وه‌كو قالبێ شعریێ زال بسه‌ر شعرا كلاسیكییا عه‌ره‌بى و شعرا فارسى یا سه‌بكێ خوراسانى بۆ ماوه‌یه‌كێ درێژ جهێ گرنگیپێدان و لاساییكرنا شاعرێن رۆژهه‌لاتا ئیسلامى بوویه‌،هه‌ر ژبه‌ر ڤێ چه‌ندێ ره‌خنه‌گر و ڤه‌كۆله‌رێن شعرێ و ب تایبه‌ت زانایێن ره‌وانبێژیێ چه‌مك و یاسا و ده‌ستورێن ڤه‌هاندنا شعرێ لسه‌ر بناغه‌یێ نموونه‌یا شعرییا قه‌سیده‌یێ داناینه‌. پشتى بدویماهیكهاتنا سه‌رده‌مێ سه‌بكێ خوراسانى و لاوازبوونا قالبێ قه‌سیده‌یێ، شعرییه‌تا قه‌سیده‌یێ هه‌ر به‌رده‌وام بوویه‌ و گه‌له‌ك ئه‌دگارێن وێ ب شێوه‌یێن جۆراوجۆر د شعرا قوناغێن پشتى هێرشا مه‌غولان دا ژى دهێنه‌ دیتن، سیسته‌مێ قه‌سیده‌یێ و ئێكه‌تییا تاكه‌دێرێ ژ ڤان تایبه‌تمه‌ندییانن، شاعرێ قه‌سیده‌نڤیس لدویڤ سیسته‌مێ قه‌سیده‌یێ شعرا خۆ بۆ سه‌ر دوو به‌شێن سه‌ره‌كى یان زێده‌تر دابه‌ش دكه‌ت و لدویڤ یاسایا ئێكه‌تییا تاكه‌دێرێ هه‌ولا ڤێ چه‌ندێ دده‌ت كو واتایا هه‌ر دێره‌كێ سه‌ربه‌خۆ بیت و په‌یوه‌ندى ب دێرێن دیڤه‌ نه‌بیت،دیاره‌ ڤێ چه‌ندێ كاریگه‌رییه‌كا مه‌زن كرییه‌ سه‌ر شعرێ ته‌نانه‌ت پشتى نه‌مان یان لاوازبوونا قه‌سیده‌یێ ژى، لاساییكرنا شعرییه‌تا قه‌سیده‌یێ و داخباربوون ب ره‌خنه‌یا شعرییا عه‌ره‌بى ــ ئیسلامى بووینه‌ هۆكارێن به‌رده‌وامبوونا ڤان تایبه‌تمه‌ندییان. د شعرا كلاسیكییا كوردى دا ژى ئه‌ڤ دیارده‌یه‌ ب ئاوایێن جیاواز دهێته‌ دیتن، گه‌له‌ك جاران شاعر شعرا خۆ بۆ سه‌ر دوو یان چه‌ند بابه‌ت و تابلۆیێن جیاواز كو چ په‌یوه‌ندییه‌كا ئۆرگانیكییا وه‌سا دناڤبه‌را وان دا نینه‌ دابه‌ش دكه‌ن ، هه‌روه‌سا هه‌ولا ڤێ چه‌ندێ دده‌ن كو د دێره‌كا شعرێ دا واتایه‌كا ته‌مام و سه‌ربه‌خۆ ده‌رببرن بێ كو گرنگیێ بده‌نه‌ په‌یوه‌ندییا ڤان دێران د ته‌وه‌رێ ستوونیێ شعرێ دا، دیاره‌ هه‌ر ئه‌ڤ تایبه‌تمه‌ندیێن قه‌سیده‌یێ واته‌ دابه‌شكارى یێن سیسته‌مێ قه‌سیده‌یێ و باوه‌رى هه‌بوون ب ئێكه‌تییا دێرا شعرییه‌ كو ئه‌زموونا شعرى و ئێكه‌تییا ئۆرگانییا شعرا كلاسیكییا كوردى دئێخنه‌ به‌رگومانێ.

گۆلزار ژیانناما پێغه‌مبه‌رى و دیرۆكا بنه‌مالا وى و بوسلمانه‌تیێ تاكو ساڵا(5) پێنجێ كوچى ب خۆڤه‌ دگریت، ئه‌ڤ به‌رهه‌مه‌ یێ تژى شیره‌ت و په‌نده‌ و ب زمانێ خه‌لكێ ساده‌ هاتییه‌ نڤیسین داكو هه‌ر كه‌س تێبگه‌هه‌ت و مفاى ژێ وه‌ربگریت، گۆتنێن مه‌زنان ژى بۆ خه‌لكى و ب زمانێ خه‌لكى هاتینه‌ دارشتن. نێزیكى ده‌ه هزار دێرێن شعرى د گۆلزارێ دا هه‌نه‌ و گه‌له‌ك گۆتنێن مه‌زنان تێدا دهێنه‌ دیتن، ئه‌ڤجا چ راسته‌وخۆ یان ژى نه‌راسته‌وخۆ ژ فولكلۆرێ كوردى وه‌رگرتینه‌ و د شعرێ دا هاتینه‌ به‌رجه‌سته‌كرن. ڤه‌كولین ل بن ناڤ و نیشانێن (گۆتنێن مه‌زنان د گۆلزارا شێخ تاهرێ شۆشى دا) و د پێشه‌كییه‌كا كورت دا گۆتنێن مه‌زنان و مه‌زراندنا وان د شعرا كوردى دا هاتینه‌ به‌حسكرن و پاشى ب به‌رفره‌هى به‌حس ل مه‌زرانادنا گۆتنێن مه‌زنان د گۆلزارێ دا هاتیه‌كرن.

Biodiesel is a potential energy source that has attracted attention recently because it can be produced from renewable energy sources and produces low pollutants. Biodiesel is produced by transesterifying edible or non-edible vegetable oils using a catalyst. Homogeneous catalytic processes have disadvantages, such as the catalyst residue cannot be reused. Therefore, heterogeneous or solid catalysts are used, which can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and reused. A waste cockle shell can be used as a green base catalyst to synthesize waste cooking oil into methyl ester (WCME). The free fatty acid content of used cooking oil (2.19% wt.) was initially reduced to 0.11% wt., using a methanol-oil ratio of 6:1, waste cockle shell 2% wt., reaction time 60 minutes and temperature 60 oC. The effectiveness of the developed waste cockle shell contains high CaO. The results of this study indicated the potential of clam waste cockle shells and used cooking oil as a source of raw materials available in the community for biodiesel production.

This paper presents the results of a laboratory testing program that was designed to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the Tournemire argillite. Eighty rock samples were obtained from boreholes drilled at different angles in the walls and floor of an existing gallery at the Tournemire Underground Research Laboratory (URL), France. The experimental program consists of the measurement of the physical properties of the argillite and its mechanical response to loading during uniaxial tests, triaxial tests with various confining pressures, unconfined and confined cyclic tests, and Brazilian tests. Since the Tournemire argillite is characterized by the presence of closely spaced bedding planes, the rock specimens were loaded in different directions to bedding planes (i.e., loading orientation angle, θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°). Acoustic emission data were also recorded to detect the initiation and propagation of micro-cracks during the uniaxial tests. Most of the tests were performed at the natural moisture content of the rock specimens as delivered to CANMET Laboratories in Ottawa, Canada, where the experiments were conducted. The main objective of the testing program is to identify the mechanical properties of the Tournemire argillite. This paper mainly focuses on the description and interpretation of the test results. The development of an elastoplastic-damage model to describe the mechanical behaviour of the Tournemire argillite is the subject of another paper. Key words: deep geological repository, Tournemire argillite, sedimentary rock mass, laboratory tests on sedimentary rock, underground excavation. Cet article presente les resultats d'un programme d'essais en laboratoire concu pour etudier le comportement mecanique de l'argilite de Tournemire. Quatre-vingt echantillons de roche ont ete obtenus a partir de trous de forages fores a differents angles dans les murs et plancher d'une galerie existante au Laboratoire de recherche souterrain de Tournemire en France. Le programme experimental consiste a mesurer les proprietes physiques de l'argilite et ses reponses mecaniques lors d'essais de chargement uniaxial, d'essais triaxiaux avec differentes pressions de confinement, d'essais cycliques non confines et confines, et d'essais bresiliens. Puisque l'argilite de Tournemire est caracterisee par la presence de plans de stratification rapproches, les echantillons rocheux ont ete charge selon differentes directions en relation aux plans de stratification (c'est-adire a des angles d'orientation de charge de 0 = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° et 90°). Des donnees d'emission acoustique ont aussi ete enregistrees pour detecter l'initiation et la propagation de microfissures durant les essais uniaxiaux. La plupart des essais ont ete realises a la teneur en eau naturelle des echantillons rocheux tel qu'expedies aux laboratoires de CANMET a Ottawa, Canada, ou les essais ont eu lieu. L'objectif principal du programme d'essai est d'identifier les proprietes mecaniques de l'argilite de Tournemire. Cet article presente la description et l'interpretation des resultats experimentaux. Le developpement d'un modele de dommage elasto-plastique pour decrire le comportement mecanique de l'argilite de Tournemire est le sujet d'un autre article. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: depot geologique profond, argilite de Tournemire, masse rocheuse sedimentaire, essais en laboratoire sur des roches sedimentaires, excavation souterraine., Introduction Disposal of radioactive wastes in deep geologic formations is considered internationally as a possible solution for the long-term management of radioactive wastes. Today, many research programs and (or) cooperative [...]

Beker Ahmed Hussein,1 Beyene Sisay Damtew,1 Hinsermu Bayu Abdi,1 Temesgen Worku Gudayu2 1Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia; 2Department of Clinical Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Beker Ahmed Hussein, Email bek50ahmed60@gmail.comBackground: The decision to delivery time is the interval between the decision and the childbirth by emergency caesarean delivery. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend that the decision to delivery time interval is less than 30 min. Additionally, the decision to delivery time varies across institutions and countries.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the decision to delivery time and its predictors among women who underwent emergency cesarean delivery at selected hospitals of Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.Methods: An institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted at selected hospitals of Northwest Ethiopia, among women who underwent emergency cesarean delivery from November 1 to January 30, 2023. A total of 285 participants were enrolled, and data collected using structured and pre-tested questionnaires. A systematic sampling technique was used. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and then exported to STATA 15 for further analysis. The log rank test was utilized to compare group differences. The time is estimated by using the Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors.Results: From 285 participants, 56 (21.8%) women delivered within the recommended 30 min. The overall median survival time was undetermined and the restricted mean survival time was 48.9 min (95% CI: 47.4– 50.5). The average decision to delivery time is affected among women who hesitate to accept consent (AHR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.02– 1.25), cord prolapses (AHR: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.46– 3.94), rank of surgeon (AHR: 0.42. 95% CI: 0.42– 1.08), no free operation room table (AHR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.28– 0.94), regional anesthesia (AHR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.25– 1.28), and use of a bladder flap (AHR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16– 0.85).Conclusion: Overall decision to delivery times among women who underwent emergency cesarean section at selected hospitals were longer than the recommended time.Keywords: decision time, emergency cesarean delivery

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using Pyrolysis Plastic Oil (PPO) as an additive to improve the physicochemical properties and performance of Rubber Seed Biodiesel (BKB) in diesel engines. In this research, RSB was produced in a double jacket reactor using a KOH catalyst according to ASTM standards. The physical and chemical properties of RSB were also examined based on ASTM standard methods. Plastic waste consisting of used oil bottles (HDPE and PET), gallon water refill caps (LDPE and HDPE), buckets and basins (PP, HDPE, LDPE, PP and ABS), jerry cans (HDPE) are taken randomly from the recycling bin. recycle plastic waste. Plastic waste is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis reactor at a temperature of 300 °C. The plastic pyrolysis oil is distilled first to separate the diesel and gasoline fractions. The PPO diesel fraction was checked for its physical and chemical properties according to ASTM standards and then used as an additional material for RSB. RSB and PPO were mixed with volume % ratios: 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40. To determine the effect of adding PPO on RSB, each mixture was examined for its physicochemical properties. It was found that PPO can improve the physico-chemical properties of RSB, including increasing the heating value, increasing the cetane number with an addition of 10 %, reducing kinematic viscosity, density and acid value. On the other hand, PPO also reduces oxidation stability. A mixture of 60 % RSB +40 % PPO was then used as a diesel mixture during performance testing on diesel engines, because the heating value increased, the cetane number decreased but was still within ASTM standards, the viscosity and acid values decreased to ASTM standards. The performance test results show that the brake power of B10 and B20 is almost the same as the brake power of pure diesel, as are BSFC and BTE, but the Brake Power and BTE of B30 and B40 are on average smaller than pure diesel. On the other hand, the BSFC of B30 and B40 is higher than the BSFC of pure diesel. The HC emissions of all mixtures are lower than the HC emissions of pure diesel, while the opacity of pure diesel emissions is between B10, B20 and B30, B40. Blended fuel CO emissions are sometimes lower and sometimes equal to diesel CO emissions. Average CO2 emissions from mixed fuels are lower than diesel.

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) serves as a company strategy to fulfill ethical responsibilities in business. However, CSR requires conceptual support to operationalize this strategy at the individual level. This study aims to analyze the mediating role of CSR in the effect of responsible leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. The research method used in this study was an explanatory survey. A questionnaire was distributed to 230 randomly recruited respondents from the four largest cement companies in Indonesia (196 men and 34 women). The data were analyzed using SEM variance with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) technique. The results showed that responsible leadership affected organizational citizenship behavior directly and indirectly. In this regard, CSR should be organized based on ethical considerations to maintain balance among stakeholders. Conclusion: CSR as a strategy to achieve a balance between mediate some of the influence of responsible leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. Theoretical implications: the need to develop CSR concepts based on stakeholder theory perspectives to maintain the balance of interests of the company’s stakeholders. Practical implications: CSR implementation aims to strengthen the internal structure in terms of staffing which ultimately strengthens the organizational structure to realize organizational citizenship behavior.

Aim and Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy on behavioral problems, feelings of loneliness and depression of deaf children. Materials and Methods: The research method is semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the research was made up of deaf children of Shahrood city. The purposeful sampling method is that based on the research entry criteria, 30 children from exceptional Kedars of Shahrood city will be selected, who will be divided into 2 groups in a simple random manner. Research questionnaires included Asher's feeling of loneliness in children and adolescents, Covey and Patterson Behavioral Problems Questionnaire (RBPC) - Revised form, and Maria Kovas Children's Depression (CDI). Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the research data. All statistical operations of the research were considered using SPSS version 25 software with a significance level of P 0.001). Also, the difference in the mean scores of the post-test feeling of loneliness in the two experimental and control groups is significant (P=0.031). Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it can be said that play therapy is a suitable approach and intervention in reducing behavioral problems, depression and loneliness of deaf children.

Cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to August 2022 to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in selected districts of the pastoral settings of Fafan zone, Somali region, eastern Ethiopia. A comparative intradermal tuberculin test was performed using purified protein derivatives. Animal-related characteristics, and the owner's knowledge on the importance of BTB were collected using a structured questionnaire. The prevalence was 11.24 % (95 % CI, 8.61–14.35) and 43.3 % (95 % CI, 33.27–53.75) at the individual and herd levels, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of positive reactor animals according to body condition score (P = 0.000), age (P = 0.048), seasonal migration (P = 0.038), parity number (P = 0.005), and reproductive status (P = 0.037). Animals with poor body condition scores had a significantly higher likelihood of testing positive, with their odds being 11.4 times greater (COR = 11.408, CI = 3.43–37.94, P

Owing to the unavailability of electricity in many remote areas in Peninsular and East Malaysia, these areas do not have access to telephone signals. In remote areas, a diesel generator is used as the power source for the telecommunications base station. Hence, the continuous supply of diesel (which is a fossil fuel) is necessary in these remote areas. In this study, an attempt is made to assess the potential of replacing diesel-generated electricity with wind energy, which is renewable energy. Life cycle cost analysis is carried out, and the payback period of a wind energy system is determined for a remote telecommunications base station in Malaysia. The load characteristics and wind data are obtained from the Mersing Meteorological Station, Malaysia, and it was found that the annual load and base load are 12 kW. Hence, a 12-kW wind turbine is selected for the life cycle cost analysis at the site. The results show that the total specific cost of the 12-kW wind turbine is MYR 0.27/kWh based on a discount rate of 5% and electricity tariff in Malaysia of MYR 0.28/kWh. The payback period and discounted payback period of the 12-kW wind turbine are estimated to be 11.8 and 18.2 yr, respectively. Based on the load characteristics in Mersing, Malaysia, the 12-kW wind turbine is economically viable for the remote telecommunications base station. Nonetheless, the 12-kW wind turbine is not financially feasible because the simple payback period is greater than 1/3 of the wind turbine's lifetime, which is 20 years. The 12-kW wind turbine, on the other hand, is suitable for use as a remote telecommunications base station.

Rubber Seed Biodiesel (RSB) and Plastic Pyrolysis Oil (PPO) deserve to be considered as alternative fuels for diesel engines, because of their advantages such as large raw material resources, derived from free or waste feedstock and the use of plastic waste as fuel can prevent environmental pollution. Due to their almost identical densities, RSB and PPO can be mixed homogeneously. In general, the use of a mixture of RSB and petroleum diesel in diesel engines shows positive performance, both engine performance and emissions, as well as the use of mixed PPO and diesel fuel. Although RSB has a good cetane number and flash point, on the other hand, RSB also has disadvantages in its psychochemical properties, such as low oxidation stability, high acid value, low heating value, and high viscosity. Likewise, PPO, PPO has good oxidation stability, acid value, and viscosity, but the flash point, CO, and HC emissions are also bad. This article tries to describe the opportunity to mix RSB and PPO, to find the best composition between RSB and PPO which shows the best fuel psychochemical properties and engine performance.

Background and Objectives: Smoking affects heart function, lung function and vitamin D levels, and decrease in serum levels of vitamin D, heart rate variability (HRV) and drop in pulmonary function cause cardiovascular disease. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of one course of intense interval training on serum levels of vitamin D, HRV and lung function in male smokers. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study 20 sedentary male voluntarily participated. They were randomly divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group participated in an intense interval training program for six weeks and control group did no exercise training. HRV and pulmonary function were assessed by spirometry device and serum levels of vitamin D 48 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the end of last session training. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test and Multivariate analysis of covariance for within group and between group comparisons, respectively. Results: The results showed a significant increase in HRV values and pulmonary function and low frequency waves to high frequency waves in the training group compared to the pretest and also compared to the control group (p<0.05). But no significant difference was observed in serum levels of vitamin D both in within group and between group comparisons (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that six weeks of intense interval training, improves function of the autonomic nervous system and pulmonary function in male smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofuel production and its properties improvisation are the wide areas of research in internal combustion (IC) engines. This research derived biofuel from industrial chicken waste. Nanofuels were produced in this study by adding 40 nm-sized nanoparticles of carbon nanotube (CNT) and manganese oxide (MnO) with a variation of 100 to 200 ppm to the derived oil. Four fuel blends (biofuel (B), B with CNT, B with MnO, and B with CNT+MnO) were compared to the performance of diesel fuel in a 3.5 kW CI engine. The combustion process (peak pressure and heat release), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx, and CO2) were used as parameters to evaluate the fuel’s performance. The result revealed that nanofuel outperformed both diesel fuel and biofuel. The addition of 200 ppm CNT in biofuel enhanced the fuel properties, resulting in higher BTE by 28% and 9.7% compared to diesel fuel and biofuel. The CNT-biofuel also generated fewer emissions compared to diesel fuel by 26%, 9.4%, and 25% for NOx, HC, and CO gases respectively.