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Gynecological malignancies are one of the main causes of cancer-induced mortality. Despite remarkable recent therapeutic advances, current therapeutic options are not sufficient. Regarding the effect of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, variations in their expression cause different anomalies, such as tumorigenesis. SNPs influence lncRNA function and expression. LncRNA polymorphisms can predict cancer risk and are effective for early diagnosis and customized therapy. In this literature review, we comprehensively investigate the effect of lncRNA polymorphisms on gynecological cancers. LncRNA-related variants are proposed to evaluate cancer incidence, early detection and management of personalized therapy. Nonetheless, more studies are required to validate the consistency of current findings in numerous samples and across various ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer (LC) imposes a significant burden, and is associated with high mortality and morbidity among malignant tumors. Aberrant expression of particular lncRNAs is closely linked to LC. LncRNA polymorphisms cause abnormal expression levels and/or structural dysfunction. They can affect the progression of cancer, survival, response to chemotherapy and recurrence rates in cancer patients. The present article provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of lncRNA genetic polymorphisms on LC. It is proposed that lncRNA-related variants can be used to predict cancer risk and therapeutic outcomes. More large-scale trials on diverse ethnic groups are required to validate the results, thus personalizing LC therapy based on lncRNA genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urologic cancers involve nearly one‐quarter of all cancers and include the prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers. Long non‐coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are expressed in a tissue‐specific manner and affect cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. LncRNAs expression is misregulated in urologic cancers, as their aberrant expression may make them capable of being utilized in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancers. LncRNAs polymorphisms can affect their structure, expression, and function by interfering with the associated target mRNAs. As a result, lncRNA polymorphisms may be linked to the mechanism driving cancer susceptibility. Therefore, SNPs in lncRNAs may be a beneficial biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancers, as they affect lncRNA role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Moreover, the genetic heredity of lncRNA SNPs affects the personal therapeutic response to drugs. In this study, the lncRNAs polymorphism is summarized in relation to urologic cancers. It is proposed that lncRNA‐related polymorphisms, as an individual or combined genotypes, can predict urologic cancer risk, even clinical and prognostic outcomes. However, large‐scale population‐based prospective studies and comprehensive meta‐analyses should be conducted to validate and use these lncRNAs SNPs as the indicators of urologic cancers. Future research should examine the function of these SNPs to explain their associations with urologic cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. The improper expression of certain lncRNAs is correlated with the prognosis of the cancer patients. LncRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) largely affect the expression, structure, and function of lncRNAs. Therefore, they affect cancer prognosis and susceptibility. In the present review, we tried to collect all published papers on the prognostic ability in cancer considering the correlation of different lncRNAs polymorphism and survival. We explored the association between lncRNA (i.e. MALAT1, ANRIL, GAS5, TP73-AS1, HOTAIR, H19, LncARSR, PVT1, HOTTIP, PRNCR1, PCAT1, CASC8, UCA1, SNHG5, PARP1, Linc00312, and NEAT) polymorphisms with cancer prognosis. The HOTAIR rs920778/rs4759314 and MALAT1 rs664589 polymorphisms play an important role in cancer relevant functions. Other lncRNAs polymorphisms are special for certain kinds of cancer, indicating their function in specific signaling pathways. Accordingly, the individual or combined genotypes of lncRNA polymorphisms are able to predict cancer prognosis. However, most of the samples are Chinese and do not represent the global population. More large-scale trials of different ethnic groups as well as comprehensive health records are therefore needed for more validation of the results., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest No conflict of interest to be declared., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in females and the second reason of cancer-related mortality in females in the world. It is thought to be a complex interaction of variables like personal lifestyle, climate, genetics, and reproductive factors. Many polymorphisms have been linked to cancer in genome-wide association experiments, and they are linked to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs, which have > 200 nucleotides in their transcripts, affect many biological processes, including differentiation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell proliferation. Different lncRNAs with tumor suppressor and oncogenic roles have been shown to have elevated expression levels in the development of BC. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lncRNAs can affect the expression level, structure, and function of lncRNAs. LncRNA polymorphisms are predictive of cancer incidence, making them useful for early detection and customized therapy control. SNPs may affect genetic susceptibility to BC. This study was set to see whether there was a link between lncRNA polymorphisms and the risk of BC. Accordingly, the individual and combined genotypes of lncRNA-related variants could predict BC and clinical and care outcomes. However, further large-scale trials of diverse ethnic groups and comprehensive health records should be performed to validate the results. Furthermore, adequate functional assessments should be carried out to shed light on the etiology of BC. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers such as oral (OC), esophageal (EC), and gastric (GC) cancers affect the digestive system, with a high mortality rate. Clinical symptoms are, however, not recognizable at early stages, and most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages. Therefore, the mechanism underlying the origin and development of upper GI cancer must be evaluated and also new therapeutic targets and effective methods should be identified and established to control GI cancers. Genome-wide approaches have introduced many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed in various manners in malignant and normal tissues. It is found that the aberrant expression of specific lncRNAs is closely associated with the diagnosis or prognosis of the patients with upper GI cancers and involved in targeted therapy, which may improve the development of prevention strategies and advanced therapies. lncRNA-associated SNPs show amazing variations in interfering with the lncRNA function of regulating genes which contribute to important signaling pathways and carcinogenesis. Most data on genetic variations in lncRNAs have considered polymorphisms in focal amplifications and regulatory regions, which influence the levels of expression rather than lncRNA functionalities. The present study attempted to summarize lncRNA-related polymorphisms effective in the development of upper GI cancers. It is proposed that the individual and combined genotypes of lncRNA-related polymorphisms may predict cancer risk, and in some cases the clinical and therapeutic outcomes., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)