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Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor)TURBT) is the common technique used in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is used to assess several urinary tract pathologies. This work aimed to correlate between the findings of DWI results and biopsy results of second-look TURBT in NMIBC and to correlate between DWI and conventional MRI in NMIBC before second-look cystoscopy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Urology, Zagazig university hospitals during the period from December 2018 to December 2019. The study included 24 patients with NMIBC who underwent second-look TURBT with preoperative imaging with conventional and DWI on the pelvis. All studied subjects were preoperatively clinically evaluated by gathering history and doing the examination, pelvi-abdominal sonography, MRI including DWI, and routine pre-operative laboratory investigations. Second-look cystoscopy, biopsy, and pathologic evaluation were done. Results: DWI had higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy than conventional MRI in pathologic correlation with the histological specimen, which were (100% VS 66.6%) sensitivity, (92.8% VS 50%) specificity, and (96.8% VS 56.25%) accuracy for DWI and conventional MRI, respectively in the detection of bladder carcinoma. Our results showed a high sensitivity of DWI for identifying the residual bladder cancer after 1ry TURBT. There was a significant correlation between clinical staging by DWI and pathological staging. Conclusions: DWI could represent a beneficial tool for the best choice of patients before a second TURBT. Till now, it cannot replace the gold standard second-look cystoscopy with histopathology assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis C virus virus is global health burden and major health hazard in Egypt, since the virus is the etiological factor of chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for approximately 15%-20% cases of acute hepatitis. After acute infection, around 50% to 80% of HCV patients will develop chronic infection. Approximately, HCV infects 170 million individuals worldwide). Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients are at high risk to develop lifethreatening complications, including cirrhosis in 20% of cases and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objectives: The aim of this study was to validate Changes in serum level of autotaxin in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after antiviral treatment. Patients and methods: This study was designed as a prospective observational cohort study to evaluate Changes in serum levels of autotaxin with direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C before (baseline) and after (sustained virologic response week 12) treatment. This prospective study was conducted on 48 chronic HCV infected patients eligible for antiviral treatment with direct acting antivirals, agreeable to regular follow up, recruited from Hepatology and virology outpatient clinic at DMNI (Damanhour Medical National Institute) during the period from September 2018 till Mars 2019. Results: This study showed that Autotaxin level significantly decreased from baseline to 12 weeks post-treatment. ATX therefore represents a novel non-invasive biomarker for liver fibrosis and a prognostic indicator of disease activity. Conclusion: Serum Autotaxin was found to be higher in chronic hepatitis c and ATX levels became significantly decreased from baseline to 12 weeks post-treatment with direct acting antiviral drugs in patients achieving a SVR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]