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Background: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) one of the most common and serious complications causing morbidity and mortality Aim of study: This study aimed to assess patient and technical factors that may be related to PEP Patient and methods: We observed 120 patients who developed signs of pancreatitis after ERCP, clinical data and procedural details were recorded in these patients to be evaluated Results: A total of 120 studied patients, their mean age was 37.38 ± 12.51 years, 63.3% were females, the most noted indication of ERCP was choledocholithiasis, 24.2% of patient have history of pancreatitis, long time of procedure was noted in these cases, precut sphincterotomy in 55% and pancreatic duct cannulation was noted in 53.3% of cases, moreover increased difficulty of cannulation occur more in our patients. Conclusion: Patients' related factors as young age, female sex and indication of ERCP, and technical-related factors as precut sphincterotomy and pancreatic cannulation may contribute to PEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in Egypt. Multiple lines of biological treatment have been but still there is failure of treatment to these medications and because of high cost it is of great importance to personalize treatment options. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the factors that can predict the response to biological treatment. Subjects and methods: This study included 133 patients with IBD who were indicated to biological treatment (Anti-TNF), and followed up for 2 years. All demographic, clinical laboratory data and disease activity were recorded at 1st presentation. Patient were classified into 2 groups one group who showed nonresponse to treatment and the other one who responded well to treatment. All factors were analyzed as predictors of nonresponse using univariate and multiple regression. Results: Out of 133 patients of IBD, 77 patient showed non-response. Younger age, family history of IBD, long duration of disease, previous surgical resection and presence of extraintestinal manifestation could be predictors of non-response. Increased levels of inflammatory markers of ESR, CRP and fecal calprotectin were associated with poor response to therapy (p value < 0.001, < 0.001 and 0.001 respectively). Moreover, increased activity and colonic extent in UC associated with nonresponse also marked activity and behavior of CD patients could be predictive factors of relapse. In multivariable analysis the factors independently associated with non-response were younger age, long duration of disease, presence of extraintestinal manifestations, elevated ESR and fecal calprotectin. Conclusions: Multiple disease related factors can be associated and could predict the response to anti-TNF treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]