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The paper investigates the efficiency of phage-nano combinational therapy in treating planktonic and biofilm bacteria. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by olive oil as a coating emulation and characterized. Then, the antibacterial activity, biofilm inhibition, and the compatibility of phage ZCEC5 with AgNPs were evaluated. The results revealed that AgNPs were effective against a wide range of bacteria including Enterobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus sciuri, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.6 to 3.15% and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged from 3.15 to 12.5%. As a model bacteria, E. coli O157:H7 was tested against the formulated AgNPs alone, and in combination with bacteriophage ZCEC5. While the MIC and MBC for E. coli treated with the AgNPs only were 1.1% and 3.15%, respectively, when combined with phage ZCEC5 (∼108 PFU/mL), the MIC and MBC were reduced to be 0.13% and 0.25%, respectively. Therefore, this paperwork introduces an antibacterial AgNPs against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, along with a novel combinational therapy of AgNPs and bacteriophage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella, the causative agent of several diseases in humans and animals, including salmonellosis, septicemia, typhoid fever, and fowl typhoid, poses a serious threat to global public health and food safety. Globally, reports of therapeutic failures are increasing because of the increase in bacterial antibiotic resistance. Thus, this work highlights the combined phage–antibiotic therapy as a promising approach to combating bacterial resistance. In this manner, the phage ZCSE9 was isolated, and the morphology, host infectivity, killing curve, combination with kanamycin, and genome analysis of this phage were all examined. Morphologically, phage ZCSE9 is a siphovirus with a relatively broad host range. In addition, the phage can tolerate high temperatures until 80 °C with one log reduction and a basic environment (pH 11) without a significant decline. Furthermore, the phage prevents bacterial growth in the planktonic state, according to the results of the time-killing curve. Moreover, using the phage at MOI 0.1 with kanamycin against five different Salmonella serotypes reduces the required antibiotics to inhibit the growth of the bacteria. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis suggested that phage ZCSE9, along with its close relatives Salmonella phages vB_SenS_AG11 and wksl3, belongs to the genus Jerseyvirus. In conclusion, phage ZCSE9 and kanamycin form a robust heterologous antibacterial combination that enhances the effectiveness of a phage-only approach for combating Salmonella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high frequency of using engineered nanoparticles in various medical applications entails a deep understanding of their interaction with biological macromolecules. Molecular docking simulation is now widely used to study the binding of different types of nanoparticles with proteins and nucleic acids. This helps not only in understanding the mechanism of their biological action but also in predicting any potential toxicity. In this review, the computational techniques used in studying the nanoparticles interaction with biological macromolecules are covered. Then, a comprehensive overview of the docking studies performed on various types of nanoparticles will be offered. The implication of these predicted interactions in the biological activity and/or toxicity is also discussed for each type of nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]