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Studies involving translation explication has garnered interest in the translation field, especially in the field of Arab-Malay translation, where explication techniques are used to transfer information from a source language to the target language to ensure that the meaning conveyed is not misunderstood by the target readers. This study presents an analysis of the explicit meanings found in the translation of a book by Kalilah & Dimnah: The Inspiration of Cross-Time Scholars, which was translated by Siti Hadijah Mappeneding in 2017. This study is a qualitative study focusing on library research. The study adapts the theory introduced by Vinay and Darbelnet. As well as Klaudy& Karoly who introduced more in-depth and systematic interpretation procedures. The researcher selected 12 proverbs contained in this book as the corpus of research and examined the explicitation that occurs while a translator translates the proverb. Ten explicit techniques adapted from Mohamed Mostafa's (2016) study form the basis of the analysis. There are a number of techniques that have been explicitly identified as deemed as appropriate to translate Arabic proverbs to Malay. The thorough analysis involved analyzing the meaning of the proverbs and the explication techniques used by the translator. The study found that the translator used several explicit techniques like explicit paraphrase, ellipsis, lexical expansion, specialization, replacement and defining in translating Arabic proverbs to Malay. [Kajian yang melibatkan domain pengeksplisitan mula memasuki ruang penterjemahan, khususnya penterjemahan Arab-Melayu yang memerlukan teknik pengeksplisitan di dalam memindahkan maklumat dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran supaya maksud yang disampaikan difahami dan tidak disalah erti oleh para pembaca sasaran. Kajian ini mengemukakan analisis makna eksplisit yang terdapat dalam penterjemahan buku Kalilah & Dimnah: Inspirasi Cendekiawan Merentas Masa yang diterjemahkan oleh Siti Hadijah Mappeneding pada 2017. Kajian ini merupakan suatu kajian kualitatif yang berfokuskan kajian kepustakaan. Kajian ini mengadaptasi teori pengeksplisitan yang diperkenalkan oleh Vinay dan Darbelnet, serta Klaudy dan Karoly yang memperkenalkan pengeksplisitan dengan tatacara lebih mendalam dan sistematik. Pengkaji memilih 12 peribahasa yang terkandung dalam buku ini sebagai korpus kajian. Kajian melihat bentuk eksplisit yang berlaku apabila penterjemah menterjemah peribahasa tersebut. Sepuluh teknik eksplisit yang diadaptasi dari kajian Mohamed Mostafa (2016) telah dijadikan sebagai dasar analisis. Terdapat beberapa teknik eksplisit telah dikenal pasti dan dianggap sesuai untuk digunakan dalam penterjemahan peribahasa Arab-Melayu. Analisis dijalankan secara menyeluruh melalui analisis makna peribahasa dan teknik eksplisit yang digunakan oleh penterjemah. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa penterjemah menggunakan teknik eksplisit seperti parafrasa eksplisit, ellipsis, perluasan leksikal, pengkhususan, penggantian dan penjelasan dalam menterjemah peribahasa Arab ke peribahasa Melayu.]

Background: Understanding the pattern of care use can provide valuable information for reform interventions. This study investigates the pattern of healthcare utilization and its association with drug acquisition patterns and expenses in the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) of Al Jazira State in Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at NHIF primary healthcare centers of Al Jazirah state in Sudan. Results: A total of 768 beneficiaries were interviewed, of which 63.2% reported using out-of-network physician care, while 36.8% receive care from the NHIF physician network only. More than half (60.8%) of NHIF-interviewed clients reported a heavy burden of medication costs. The pattern of physician utilization was significantly associated with the number and source of regular drugs, the burden of out-of-pocket payment, and monthly out-of-pocket expenditures on medications, (p < 0.001). The regression analysis revealed that gender, marital status, number of chronic diseases, and number of regular drugs were the significant predictors of the pattern of physician care utilization; these factors explained nearly 36% of the variance in respondents’ pattern of physician care utilization. Conclusions: An impressive proportion of out-of-network care was found in Al Jazirah State in Sudan. The NHIF stakeholders should consider medication subsidy as a potential strategy for decreasing patient leakage to out-of-network services.

Acute pericarditis is uncommon presentation of COVID-19. Here we described a case of 50-year-old male who presented with chest pain without fever nor cough and diagnosed with acute pericarditis complicated by pericardial effusion due to COVID-19 after exclusion of other cause and receive supportive treatment and improve over two weeks.

Background Resident physicians in Sudan face a variety of physical and psychological stressors. Nevertheless, the prevalence of burnout syndrome among this critical population remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of burnout and its associated factors in a sample of resident physicians in Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to assess the burnout syndrome among resident physicians at the teaching hospitals of Wad-Medani in Gezira state, east-central Sudan. Three hundred resident physicians at the dermatology, general surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry, ear, nose and throat (ENT), oncology, urology, and internal medicine departments, were approached and invited to participate in the study. The Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory was distributed to respondents from July to October 2021. Results From the 300 resident physicians, 208 (69.3%) responded. The average age of the study population was 29.99 ± 3.01 years, with more than half were females (56.7%), single (59.6%), and with more than three years of residency experience (50.5%). In total, 86.1% met the criteria for burnout in at least one dimension and 13.9% in all three dimensions. On the dimension of emotional exhaustion (EE), 70.7% reported high levels of burnout. While, 44.2% reported high levels of depersonalization (DP), and 73.1% experienced a sense of decreased professional accomplishment (PA). There were significant differences in burnout, EE, and DP levels among different specialties, with the pediatrics-specialty trainees reported higher levels. Burnout syndrome was associated with the working hours per single duty; participants who reported working for more than 24 hours had experienced higher levels of burnout, EE, and DP. Conclusion Large-scale studies are required to assess the determinants of burnout syndrome among resident physicians in Sudan. In addition, Stakeholders should urgently implement effective remedies to protect the mental health of resident physicians.

Acute pericarditis and pericardial effusion are rare extrapulmonary presentations of COVID-19. They can occur without concomitant pulmonary disease or myocardial injury. A high index of suspicion is necessary to assure early diagnosis and treatment.