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Introduction: Multiseptate gallbladder (MSG) is an uncommon congenital condition characterized by internal septa dividing the gallbladder into multiple compartments. This condition poses unique challenges in diagnosis and management due to its rarity and varied clinical presentations., Case Presentation: A 4-year-old female presented with a three-month history of colicky abdominal pain. Imaging studies confirmed MSG with gallbladder sludge but no stones. Despite normal initial lab results, the patient underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to persistent symptoms, resulting in a full recovery with no complications over six months., Discussion: The etiology of MSG is unclear, with several embryological theories proposed. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques like ultrasound and MRI. A literature review of 37 pediatric cases shows a higher prevalence in females and varied clinical presentations. Management includes conservative observation or surgical intervention, with cholecystectomy proving effective for symptomatic cases., Conclusion: Multiseptate gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly in pediatric patients, often requiring imaging techniques like MRCP for accurate diagnosis. While many cases remain asymptomatic and can be managed conservatively, surgical intervention is beneficial for those with persistent symptoms. Early diagnosis and tailored management lead to favorable outcomes., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Surgical correction is the main line of treatment for the congenital disorder Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Laparoscopic techniques proved their safety and efficacy in previous studies. LigaSure™ is the gold standard for colorectal dissection. However, other sealing methods could be used during the unavailability of LigaSure. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the safety profile of the hook diathermy technique compared to LigaSure in colorectal dissection during laparoscopic-assisted pull-through for HD. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was held in the pediatric surgery department at Assiut University Hospitals between September 2017 and January 2023. The study included 57 HD patients who were surgically operated on during a laparoscopic-assisted pull-through. They were divided into 2 groups according to the sealing methods: the ligasure group included 25 patients, and the hook diathermy group included 32 patients. Results: Both groups had no statistically significant differences regarding age, sex, or weight. The transition zone was present in all patients, and most transition zones were rectosigmoid. No cases reported intraoperative blood transfusion or conversion to an open or transanal approach. Minimum intraoperative blood loss was reported in both groups, with no significant differences. As regards postoperative complications, including bleeding, leakage, perianal excoriation, and enterocolitis, no significant differences between both groups were found. Conclusion: The LigaSure and hook diathermy techniques are safe and effective sealing methods for colorectal dissection during laparoscopic-assisted pull-through for HD.

Introduction and Importance: Paraduodenal hernias are difficult to diagnose due to their unusual presentation. Herein, five new cases are added to the literature., Case Presentation: Four male and one female child complained of paraduodenal hernias, two on the right side and three on the left side. The intestinal part that herniated inside the hernia sac was also malrotated in four patients. One patient had Meckel's diverticulum with a herniated intestine. One infant had extrahepatic biliary disease, a single atrium, polysplenia, intestinal malrotation, and a left paraduodenal hernia. Exploratory labarotomy was done for reduction of the intestine, reorientation, and repair of hernia orifices., Clinical Discussion: Paraduodenal hernia is a component of malrotation. Cautious dissection of the hernia orifice is required to keep away from injuries to the inferior mesenteric vein or left colic artery in the course of the restoration of the left paraduodenal hernia. Also, the superior mesenteric vessels may be injured in the course of the restoration of the right paraduodenal hernia., Conclusion: There is a correlation between the occurrence of PDH with malrotation. The diagnosis of malrotation can be made with an ultrasound abdomen; however, it is true that ultrasound cannot make a confirmed diagnosis in all patients. Once the diagnosis of a mesocolic hernia has occurred, surgical repair is mandatory by closure of the defect., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement No conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Post-circumcision penile ischemia is a devastating complication. We will present our experience in managing children with various forms of penile ischemia., Materials and Methods: This cohort prospective observational and interventional study was performed on all male children with post-circumcision penile ischemia between April 2017 and October 2021. A designed and approved protocol includes a combination of early pentoxifylline infusion, hyperbaric oxygen inhalation, early catheterization, and appropriate surgical debridement were applied for patients with deep ischemia 11/23, mainly the necrotic skin and subcutaneous tissues. Data of patient age, anesthesia method, monopolar diathermy usage, early presentation and positive wound culture were collected and analyzed statistically., Results: During the study period 3,382 children were circumcised for non-medical reasons; 23 children were diagnosed with penile ischemia (0.7%), among other complications (9%). Most of the penile ischemia is associated with the use of monopolar diathermy (74%). The use of compressive wound dressing to control post-circumcision bleeding and infections is also responsible for ischemia in 52.2% and 43.5% of the cases. Inexperienced physicians were commonly responsible for ischemia (73.9%). Patients managed at first 24 h had better outcomes than those who were presented later (p = 0.001)., Conclusion: In children with post-circumcision penile ischemia, a combination of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and pentoxifylline is especially effective for patients with skin and facial necrosis, this management reduces penile tissue loss., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the time of cesarean section is novel in medicine. It is safe, feasible, and cost-effective., Case Presentation: A 29-year-old G3P2 + 0 woman had two previous cesarean sections. She was pregnant at 32 weeks. The fetus had anencephaly. She had acute cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy done at the time of termination of pregnancy by cesarean section., Conclusions: In a critical period, such as acute cholecystitis, the combination of laparoscopic cholecystectomy immediately post cesarean section is effective if the surgeon is highly qualified and experienced., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Accumulating evidence has been reported regarding the effect of curcumin as a dietary antiviral on patients with COVID-19; however, findings are controversial. Our systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin in patients with COVID-19. Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched to identify only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed curcumin in patients with COVID-19 from inception to September 23, 2021 relevant keywords. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to evaluate the risk of bias. After a critical review of 1,098 search hits, only six RCTs were selected for discussion. A total of 480 patients were included, with 240 amongst the curcumin groups and 240 in the control group. The lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the curcumin group compared to the placebo group. Curcumin was found to decrease the number of T-helper 17 cells, downregulate T-helper-17 cell-related factors, reduce levels of T-helper-17 cell-related cytokines, yet increase the gene expression of Treg transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and decrease T-Box transcription factor 21 (TBX21). Our review revealed that curcumin might have a positive effect on relieving COVID-19 related inflammatory response due to its powerful immune-modulatory effects on cytokines production, T-cell responses, and gene expression. These findings suggest that curcumin confers clinical benefits in patients with COVID-19. However, due to the limited number of the included studies, further high-quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of the curcumin.

Background: Intramuscular intestinal lipoma is one of the rare benign tumours of the small intestine in children and acts as a lead point of intussusception., Presentation of Case: We describe a case in which a 4-year-old boy presented with recurrent attacks of colicky abdominal pain and non-bilious vomiting. Abdominal examination was irrelevant. Per rectum (PR) examination indicated an empty rectum without red currant jelly stool and non-palpable mass. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a target sign of intussusception. After a period of conservative treatment, the child passed normal coloured and well-formed stool. Exploratory laparotomy referred to a long segment ileo-ileal intussusception with a polypoid lipoma as a lead point. Microscopic examination showed a benign non-capsulated intramuscular ileal lipoma., Discussion: Small bowel lipoma produces symptoms of intermittent bowel obstruction. Herein, the child presented with non- bilious vomiting, we attribute this to reflex sympathetic stimulation of the pylorus leading to pylorospasm., Conclusion: Small intestinal lipoma is a rare finding in children that may cause intussusception which does not resolve spontaneously., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: There have been non-surgical conditions secondary to neonatal pneumoperitoneum (e.g., mechanical ventilation, pulmonary diseases and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis) that neonates were able to overcome without the need for abdominal exploration. Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum, although similar to perforation of the alimentary tract and the previously mentioned non-surgical conditions, is a rare and benign condition that does not yet have a definite cause. The criteria by which a surgeon decides on which abdomen to open and which one to observe, is ill-defined. Thus, increasing the awareness of neonatologists and surgeons about this condition will help decrease complications due to unnecessary procedures., Presentation of the Case: We report a case of a neonate with a massive pneumoperitoneum who obtained a surgical intervention with negative finding. We had noted that the bag of the abdominal drain was expanded with gas every 2days, we replace the bag by new one every 2days for 10days postoperative. Nonetheless, the cause of pneumoperitoneum remains unclear., Discussion: There are five main nonsurgical causes of free air in the peritoneal cavity. These are categorized as follow: pseudopneumoperitoneum, thoracic, abdominal, gynecological and idiopathic. This is a condition in which imaging shows free air in the peritoneal cavity that can either be managed with observation and supportive care alone or results in a negative laparotomy., Conclusion: This case demonstrated that laparotomy is not a true routine in neonates with idiopathic pneumoperitoneum if a timely diagnosis is established. Future research is still necessary to understand the source of the free gas in the abdomen, as well as the underlying causes of delayed postoperative gas underdiaphragm and postoperative abdominal drain bag gas expansion., (Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)