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Background & Aims: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells. While environmental factors and autoantibodies play a role, genetic predisposition, particularly involving HLA class II alleles (DR and DQ), is significant. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of DRB1 and DQB1 genotypes associated with T1D, with a focus on gender differences. Materials & Methods: A total of 187 Sudanese subjects, aged 5 to 18 years, were enrolled, including 87 T1D cases and 100 non-diabetic controls. The study was conducted in diabetes hospitals in Khartoum State. HLA gene polymorphisms were assessed using the allele-specific refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. Results: Genotype frequencies for C/C, G/G, and G/C were 11.8%, 66.7%, and 21.6% in females, and 10.2%, 67.3%, and 22.4% in males, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant gender-related differences in genotype distributions (Chi-square, p = 0.968). Conclusion: The study found no significant association between genotype distributions and gender in Sudanese children with T1D. This suggests that gender does not significantly influence the distribution of DRB1 and DQB1 genotypes related to T1D in the study population.

Privacy and efficient data processing are crucial research areas in the field of outsourcing computing. Thus, the contribution of the paper is twofold. First of all, we develop a secure offloading technique that can process data while preserving privacy. Although RSA and Paillier cryptosystems are highly beneficial for mathematical operations on basic encrypted data due to their homomorphic properties, images are processed using permutation-ordered binary (POB) and Shamir's secret sharing (SSS). Second, a non-cooperative game theory model was formulated to examine the interactions between service providers, characterizing each edge as an M/M/1 system with an infinite queue. Through formal verification using rigorous mathematical reasoning, the suggested strategies for task offloading and resource allocation are shown to be effective in terms of security, quality of service (QoS), and energy consumption. The best-response dynamics approach is used to calculate the final strategy for each participant and assess how fairly resources are allocated. Finally, the potential of our approach is demonstrated numerically, revealing a faster convergence towards attaining Nash equilibrium in a duopoly cloud-edge data center market, granted that the necessary and sufficient conditions are met.

The current study focuses on the regional stabilization of infinite dimensional bilinear systems with time delays, evolving in a spatial domain Ω. It consists of studying the asymptotic behaviour of such a system in a subregion ω of Ω. Then, we demonstrate regional weak stabilization under weak observability conditions, while regional strong stabilization is achievable under exact observability conditions. Illustrative examples and simulations are included to validate the theoretical results.

We present a case of successful embolization of an anterior chest wall arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a 24-year-old male patient. This report aims to highlight the efficacy and safety of using the liquid embolic agent (onyx) as well as the combined approaches (trans-femoral and trans-radial) in managing rare complex chest wall AVMs.

This study investigates the effects of remittances on poverty and economic growth in Jordan from 1970 to 2022. The study makes use of the augmented autoregressive distrib­uted lag (AARDL) cointegration method to investigate the relationships between remittances, poverty, and economic growth. The study also incorporates control variables including for­eign direct investment, inflation, interest rates, government expenditures, and the composite trade index to take into consideration their potential impact on the outcomes. The findings support remittances’ role as an economic development accelerator by demonstrating their strong positive impact on Jordan’s economic growth. Remittances have a detrimental im­pact on poverty as well, suggesting a potential role for them in efforts to eradicate it. The research also confirms the anticipated impacts of the control variables, indicating that while inflation, interest rates, and the composite trade index have favourable effects on poverty, government expenditures and foreign direct investment have negative consequences. The policymakers and stakeholders in Jordan will need to consider the implications of these findings carefully. Policymakers can create measures to draw in and successfully channel remittance flows by recognising the beneficial effects of remittances on economic growth and poverty alleviation. The findings also highlight how important it is to encourage foreign direct investment, control inflation and interest rates, and facilitate trade diversification in order to boost economic growth and lower poverty. First published online 28 August 2024

Abstract This study delves into the geochemical dispersion of gold-bearing quartz veins in the Wadi Abu Khusheiba area, southern Jordan, with a focus on uncovering the complex patterns of mineralization and their geological significance. Employing an in-depth geochemical analysis of 24 rock samples from the region, we identified that these samples are predominantly hosted by oversaturated rhyolitic rocks, characterized by high SiO2 content and abundant free Quartz and orthoclase minerals. The mineralized zone of the quartz veins is particularly notable for its gold and silver concentrations, with maximum values reaching up to 5 ppm for gold and 18 ppm for silver. Our investigation into the elemental correlations revealed nuanced relationships, dependent on the 21 sample and analyzed at confidence level of (85%). Contrary to initial assumptions, we did not find a significant positive correlation between gold (Au) and arsenic (As), nor significant negative correlations between gold and other trace elements. These insights are critical for understanding the geochemical behavior of gold in the area and offer a nuanced view of elemental associations. The results of this study are significant for both academic research and practical exploration. They enhance our comprehension of the geological history and mineralization processes in Wadi Abu Khusheiba, providing valuable data that can inform future exploration strategies and deepen our understanding of mineral deposition in similar geological settings. This research not only contributes to the scientific community’s knowledge of the area’s geochemistry but also has potential implications for the mining and exploration industries.

Addressing the ongoing issue of carbon steel corrosion, this study evaluates the corrosion inhibition performance of two eco-friendly pyridinium-based ionic liquids, 4-(dimethylamino)-1-nonylpyridin-1-ium Bromide (4DMN) and 4-(dimethylamino)-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)pyridin-1-ium Iodide (4DMP), in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Weight loss tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), quantum chemical calculations (QCCs), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to carried out experimental and theoretical studies. Both 4DMN and 4DMP showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects with 94 % and 92 % effectiveness, respectively. Potentiodynamic data showed that these compounds control both anodic and cathodic reactions without changing the corrosion mechanism. EIS results indicated a decrease in double-layer capacitance, suggesting adsorption of IL molecules on steel surface. Over a 60-h period, 4DMN maintained its effectiveness, although it decreased at higher temperatures. Surface analyses using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed improvements in surface morphology and roughness. Computational studies supported these findings, showing the reactivity and adsorption patterns of the ILs on the Fe (110) surface. Overall, this study contributes to understanding how pyridinium-based ILs can be used for effective and sustainable corrosion control.

This research presents an efficient and highly accurate cubic B-spline method (CBSM) for solving second-order linear boundary value problems (BVPs). The method achieves sixth-order convergence, supported by rigorous error analysis, ensuring rapid error reduction with mesh refinement. The effectiveness of the CBSM is validated through four numerical examples, showcasing its accuracy, reliability, and computational efficiency, making it well-suited for large-scale problems. A comparative analysis with existing methods confirms the superior performance of the CBSM, positioning it as a practical and powerful tool for solving second-order BVPs.

Allylic oxygenated derivatives of himachalenes are highly valued molecules due to their potential applications in perfumery, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Previous attempts at catalyzed allylic oxidation of himachalenes led to the formation of a very stable η3-allyl palladium complex, preventing any further reaction development. Herein, we present the first successful palladium-catalyzed synthesis of a novel allylic acetoxylated derivative of himachalenes. This reaction was achieved by incorporating an aromatic ring into the substrate structure. The resulting intermediate complex was isolated and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to compare the reactivity of the newly synthesized complex with previously reported ones. The theoretical results confirm that the introduction of an aromatic ring enhances the reactivity of the η³-allyl palladium complex, thereby facilitating the desired transformation.

Background: Angiotensin II is a peptide hormone vasopressor that activates angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors leading to vasoconstriction, the augmentation of arterial blood pressure (ABP), and organ perfusion. Angiotensin II was found to increase the ABP in catecholamine-refractory vasodilatory shock. Whether this effect improves the chances of survival or not remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of angiotensin II in vasoplegic shock. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical significance of angiotensin II effects in vasoplegic shock concerning the hemodynamic impact, mortality outcomes, and side effects. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed and EMBASE for experimental and observational studies published in English exploring the clinical outcomes of angiotensin II use in vasodilatory shock till 1 July 2024. Two independent authors assessed the quality and risk of bias of the included studies. A random effect model (Mantel–Haenszel) was used to combine data. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality associated with angiotensin II use in comparison to standard therapy, while the secondary outcomes were mean arterial pressure (MAP) change, multi-organ failure (MOF), and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The Q test and I2 were used to examine heterogeneity, with I2 > 50% indicating marked heterogeneity. Results: A total of eight studies (n = 974) comparing angiotensin II to standard therapy in vasoplegic shock were included in the systematic review, with three studies comprising 461 patients included in the final analysis of the primary outcome. Only one study evaluated the use of angiotensin II as a primary vasopressor, while the rest reported angiotensin II use in catecholamine-refractory vasodilatory shock. Overall, angiotensin II use was associated with similar in-hospital mortality compared to standard therapy (risk ratio [RR] = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68–1.02, I2 = 0%). Likewise, there was no difference in MOF and AF (MOF: RR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.61–1.65, I2 = 0%; AF: RR = 1.27; 95% CI, 0.38–4.23, I2 = 5%). However, angiotensin II use demonstrated a significant MAP increase (mean difference = −9.60; 95% CI, −9.71, −9.49, I2 = 0%). Conclusions: In vasodilatory shock, angiotensin II use demonstrated comparable in-hospital mortality compared to standard therapy. Nevertheless, it resulted in significant MAP change, which may encourage clinicians to use it in cases of profound hypotension.

The dish stirling technology holds great promise as a renewable energy solution for remote and off-grid electric regions, particularly in the southern areas of North Africa. In this research, we conducted simulations of a 100 kw Dish Stirling system to evaluate its feasibility in comparison to photovoltaic technology at five distinct locations in southern Algeria: Adrar (Bordj Badji Mokhtar), Illizi (Djanet), Tamanrasset (Ain Mertoutek), Tindouf, and Bechar. Our findings underscore the substantial potential of Dish Stirling Solar Power technology, with the Sahara region standing out as particularly promising. In this region, the Dish Stirling system consistently outperforms a 100 kw photovoltaic system across all selected locations. The Dish Stirling system achieves an average annual electricity generation of 256 mwh while simultaneously mitigating CO2 emissions by 177 tons annually. Among these locations, Djanet Illizi emerges as the most favorable, with the Dish Stirling system producing an impressive 288.43 mwh annually. This capacity is sufficient to meet the annual energy needs of 230 households, all while maintaining a competitive LCOE of 0.0378 USD/kwh. Comparative analysis with previous research illuminates the remarkable cost-effectiveness of Dish Stirling technology in southern Algeria, primarily due to its abundant direct normal irradiance levels. These findings underscore the immense potential of Dish Stirling systems as a clean and highly efficient energy solution, well-suited for demanding to address the energy needs of remote environments, such as those found in the southern border regions of Algeria.

Advanced Rider Assistance Systems (ARAS) are solutions developed to reduce the crashes rate of Powered Two Wheelers (PTWs). They assist riders in their driving task by transmitting information on their environment or by automatically controlling the dynamics of their vehicle. This study describes a methodology for evaluating the impact of 14 ARAS on PTWs crashes. This methodology consists first of establishing links between ARAS functionalities and riders' failures in crashes situations. Then, an analysis of real crashes cases was conducted using two reals crashes databases: the “In-depth crashes investigation at the Laboratory of Accident Mechanisms Analysis (LMA)” in Salon-de-Provence, France, and the “Initiative for the Global harmonization of Accidents Data”. A total of 390 crashes were analyzed. The results showed that ARAS had an influence on 61.5% of the crashes studied. ARAS benefits at the French national level were also assessed, with a weighting of the results obtained. In the French national data, the Anti-lock Braking System had the highest overall impact among the ARASs, estimated to have influenced 39.1% of crashes. Next, emergency braking systems influenced 30.1% of crashes, and an anti-collision warning system had an impact on 29.8% of crashes. This work provided an initial assessment of the most promising technologies for PTWs road safety. It could be used to guide industry and road safety policy towards the development of the most beneficial systems, and the introduction of standards or regulations.

The morphology, internal architecture, and emplacement mechanisms of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) lava flows of the Hartford and Deerfield basins (USA) are presented. The Talcott, Holyoke, and Hampden formations within the Hartford basin constitute distinct basaltic units, each exhibiting chemical, mineralogical, and structural differences corresponding to flow fields. Each flow field was the result of several sustained eruptions that produced both inflated pahoehoe flows and subaquatic extrusions: 1–5 eruptions in the Talcott formation and 1–2 in Holyoke and Hampden basalts, where simple flows are dominant. The Deerfield basin displays the Deerfield basalt unit, characterized by pillow lavas and sheet lobes, aligning chemically and mineralogically with the Holyoke basalt unit. Overall, the studied flow fields are composed of thick, simple pahoehoe flows that display the entire range of pahoehoe morphology, including inflated lobes. The three-partite structure of sheet lobes, vertical distribution of vesicles, and segregation structures are typical. The characteristics of the volcanic pile suggest slow emplacement during sustained eruptive episodes and are compatible with a continental basaltic succession facies model. The studied CAMP basalts of the eastern United States are correlated with the well-exposed examples on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean (Canada, Portugal, and Morocco).

Previously, the exopolysaccharides produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C7 isolated from the broiler intestine have been shown to possess probiotic potential. In this study, we highlighted the capacity of this strain to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) endowed with several biological activities. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activities of EPS were found to be 30.4% and 68.165%, respectively, at 100 mg/mL. The ferrous reducing potential of EPS was measured to be 25.26%. Furthermore, EPS exhibited antibacterial effects against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens, including Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, with inhibition zones of 22.5 ± 0.70 mm and 20 ± 1.41, respectively. On the other hand, the exopolysaccharide also exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), achieving 70.99% inhibition at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. FTIR spectra were used to characterize functional groups in EPS. Our findings proved that EPS from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C7 could be explored for various applications, particularly in the health and functional food sectors.

Available online Edge data centers are designed to meet the stringent QoE requirements of delay-sensitive and computationally intensive services in Content Delivery Network (CDN) and 5G networks. The primary purpose of this paper was to formulate and solve the problem of optimizing many control variables jointly: (i) what contents to store by taking into consideration edge capacity, and (ii) what contents to recommend to each Internet of Everything (IoE) item, based on identity and access management (IAM). In reactive caching policy, we proposed a new Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) scheme founded upon the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and one-way hash function for access control. More interestingly, we use Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), Random Forest (RF) and Pearson Correlation (PC) to improve the accuracy and latency of traditional data filtering models. The intelligent recommendation engine we propose is designed to be implemented by cloud for caching and prefetching contents at the edge. The experimental results validate the theoretical guarantees of the proposed solution and its ability to achieve significant performance gains compared to common baseline models.

Objective: This study was conducted to identify the association of HLA-DRB1/DQB1 genes with the susceptibility or resistance to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) among patients between the ages of five and eighteen. Subjects and Methods: The study included 200 Sudanese participants, ages ranging from 5 to 18. One hundred participants were healthy non-diabetic as the control group and 100 with T1D as the case group. The investigation was carried out in Khartoum state. The selection of patients with T1D was from diabetic centers and hospitals. The allele-specific-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique was applied to identify the HLA gene polymorphism. Results: There was a significant difference in genotype frequency across the groups in the current investigation (Kruskal-Wallis, p-value= 0.021). Whereas CG was not substantially different across groups (Chi-square, p-value=0.116), the CC genotype was considerably greater (46.0%) in patients (Chi-square Adjusted p-value0.001). Conclusion: This study found that patients' genotypes and allele frequencies are significantly correlated when compared to those of healthy participants.

انقسم النقَّادُ العربُ القُدَامَى حولَ جدليَّةِ الشِّعْرِ والأخلاقِ فريقين رئيسيَّينِ: الفريق الأوَّل أخذ بموقف الدين في قبول الشعر الذي يتَّفق مع تعاليم الإسلام وروح دعوتِهِ، ويرفض ما عداه، ونقَّاد هذا الفريق يأخذون بالمقياس الأخلاقيِّ بجانب المقياس الفنيِّ الجماليِّ، وقد قدَّم بعضُهم أحياناً الالتزامَ الدينيَّ والأخلاقيَّ على الجانب الفني. أمَّا الفريق الثاني فقد نحَّى الدينَ جانباً ورفض أخذَهُ مقياساً للحكم على جمال الشعر أو على مقدرة الشاعر الإبداعيَّة، وإنَّما يُقاس الشِّعرُ - عند نقَّاد هذا الفريق – بما يملكه من جماليَّاتٍ تعبيريَّةٍ وتصويريَّةٍ وموسيقيَّةٍ، وبين هذين جاء فريقٌ ثالثٌ أخذ بالمنهج الجماليِّ في تقييم الشعر، ولكنَّه دعا في الوقت ذاته إلى الحفاظ على القيم الأخلاقيَّة وعدم مخالفة تعاليم الدين. تعْرِضُ هذه الدِّرَاسةُ لمواقف هذه الفِرَقِ الثَّلاثِ مِن علاقة الشِّعرِ بالأخلاق، من خلال المنهج المعرفيِّ النقديِّ الذي يَعُودُ لِمصادرِ آراءِ هؤلاء النقَّاد ويَعْرِضها مع التَّحليلِ النقديِّ لها، وتعود أهميَّةُ الدراسة إلى أنَّها تعرض لإحدى أهم إشكالات الإبداع الشعري والنقديَّ قديماً وحديثاً، وهي تهدف بجانب عرض موقف النقاد العرب القُدَامى من تلك الإشكاليَّة، إلى الردِّ على دَعَاوَى بعض نُقَّاد الحداثة العربيَّة الذين أنكروا وجودَ علاقةٍ بين الشعر والأخلاق قديماً؛ ليبرِّروا لأنفسهم الخروجَ على الدين والأخلاق والأعراف.

Abstract Given the massive use of facemasks (FMs) during the covid-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised regarding the effect of FMs wearing on overall health. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of surgical FM on brain neuro-electrical activity. Electroencephalography (EEG) background frequency (BGF) and background amplitude (BGA) was performed on 30 volunteers before (baseline), during and after wearing a FM for 60 min. Measurements were done during normal ventilation, hyperventilation and post-hyperventilation (PHVR). Blood gas levels were assessed at baseline and after FM use. EEG analysis concerning baseline (without FM) (BGA), was 47.69 ± 18.60 µV, wearing FM, BGA was 48.45 ± 17.79 µV, post FM use BGA was 48.08 ± 18.30 µV. There were no statistically significant differences between baseline BGA and BGA under FM and post FM. BGF, Baseline data were 10.27 ± 0.79, FM use 10.30 ± 0.76 and post FM use was 10.33 ± 0.76. There were no statistically significant differences between baseline BGF and BGF under FM and post FM. Venous blood gases, and peripheral oxygen saturation were not significantly affected by FM use. Short-term use of FM in young healthy individuals has no significant alteration impact on brain's neuro-electrical activity

The olive growing in Tunisia has an economic dominance and agricultural importance. However, the huge extraction of olive oil generates a large quantity of olive mill wastewater (OMW), which is discharged to the surroundings. The highly polluting potential (organic load) of OMW threatens the environment and requires an urgent solution. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a green extraction method that can be applied to purify OMW and, at the same time, to isolate a high quality oil from this wastewater.In order to explore and to valorize the compositions of Olive mill wastewater (OMW), extraction in different solvents (supercritical CO2, hexane) was carried out and chemical composition of the extracted oils were established by GC-FID. The Tunisia OMW were collected from two different zones namely Sousse and Sfax.In this work, we have investigated the effects pressure (P) and temperature (T) on the yield and the quality of oil. The suitable conditions for the extraction of oil from lyophilized OMW by Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) were found to be the pressure of 30 MPa and the temperature of 60 °C. In order to simulate the process, the model of broken and intact cells (Sovova’s model) was applied. The model well represented the experimental data.Oil yields ranged from 21.3 % to 33.87 % depending on the extraction solvent used. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the major compounds of the oils, based on the fatty acid analysis. Chromatographic analysis revealed that the chemical compositions vary from one region to another, extraction solvent as well as the conditions of pressure and temperature.

The aim of this IASP complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) SIG Global Series 2021 was to bring together clinicians including those from developing countries to better understand the clinical presentation of complex regional pain syndrome in countries with less well-published patient populations. The purpose was to learn from each other about the range of treatments, successful outcomes, and challenges experienced. These meeting proceedings comprise abstracts from nine countries that span 4 continents and are summaries of online presentations delivered by speakers representing these countries over the course of 2 symposia. The symposia were attended by a global audience of approximately 360 people. Patients with CRPS were described and treated by clinicians from countries across Asia (Pakistan, Jordan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore), South America (Brazil and Peru), Africa (South Africa), and Europe (Norway). This reflects that CRPS exists across borders, ethnicities, and cultures. These proceedings provide a broader perspective within the international pain community about how we can better understand and treat CRPS across the globe.

This work describes a novel extracellular lipolytic carboxylester hydrolase named FAL, with lipase and phospholipase A1 (PLA1) activity, from a newly isolated filamentous fungus Ascomycota CBS strain, identified as Fusarium annulatum Bunigcourt. FAL was purified to about 62-fold using ammonium sulphate precipitation, Superdex® 200 Increase gel filtration and Q-Sepharose Fast Flow columns, with a total yield of 21%. The specific activity of FAL was found to be 3500 U/mg at pH 9 and 40°C and 5000 U/mg at pH 11 and 45°C, on emulsions of triocanoin and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, respectively. SDS-PAGE and zymography analysis estimated the molecular weight of FAL to be 33 kDa. FAL was shown to be a PLA1 with a regioselectivity to the sn-1 position of surface-coated phospholipids esterified with α-eleostearic acid. FAL is a serine enzyme since its activity on triglycerides and phospholipids was completely inhibited by the lipase inhibitor Orlistat (40 μM). Interestingly, compared to Fusarium graminearum lipase (GZEL) and the Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (Lipolase®), this novel fungal (phospho)lipase showed extreme tolerance to the presence of non-polar organic solvents, non-ionic and anionic surfactants, and oxidants, in addition to significant compatibility and stability with some available laundry detergents. The analysis of washing performance showed that it has the capability to efficiently eliminate oil-stains. Overall, FAL could be an ideal choice for application in detergents.

Abstract Background: Generally, patients on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure also have endocrine defects and sexual function disorders. In this study, we aimed to assess the serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in patients with chronic renal failure. Methods: This hospital-based case–control study was conducted at Jabal Aulia Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. The study was carried out between August 2019 and February 2020. A total of 100 subjects were enrolled – 50 chronic renal failure patients and 50 as controls. The serum hormones were estimated using Tosoh 360. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the results. Results: The serum PRL, LH, and FSH were significantly increased among chronic renal failure patients than their healthy counterparts (p-value = 0.000). The age of patients was positive correlated with plasma hormones, PRL (r = 0.332, p = 0.001), LH (r = 0.387, p = 0.000), and FSH (r = 0.320, p = 0.001). No correlation was found between the duration of the disease and serum hormones. Conclusion: Patients with chronic renal failure had a highly significant increase of serum PRL, LH, and FSH and also the age of the patients was positively correlated with serum hormones.

The nanofluids containing more two different types of nanoparticles with suspension of base fluids is referred to hybrid nanofluids. The modified class of hybrid type nanomaterials is new impressive category of nanofluid model which obtained with suspension of base fluid into more than two different types of nanoparticles. The heating influence and capacitance of modified hybrid nanoparticles is more impressive as compared to hybrid model and traditional nanofluid model. Following such motivations in mind, current exploration reports the comparative thermal inspection of three types of nanoparticles like aluminium oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) with suspension of base particles along with ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) base fluid. The flow pattern for such nanoparticles flow is observed due to curved surface comprising the stagnation point flow. The Casson fluid model is used to identify the rheological impact and base fluid characterization. The nonlinear radiation impact is also utilized to modify the model. The Keller box numerical outcomes against the developed set of equations are obtained. A comparative investigation for the suspension of modified hybrid nanomaterial (Al2O3+SiO2+TiO2−C2H6O2) is inspected.

Hydroxytyrosol (HXT) (also known as 3,4-dihydroxyphényléthanol,) is a biophenol extracted from olive. HXT is known for its high antioxidant significance effect. In this work, we focused on the study of the behavior of the solubility of HXT in binary solvent mixtures (ethanol + water) as well as the thermodynamic proprieties. The solubility of HXT in water, ethanol and in binary solvent mixtures (ethanol + water) was measured at five different temperatures from (293.15 to 318.15) K. The enthalpy of fusion and the melting point of HXT were experimentally determined since they are essential for the study of the of solubility and crystallization process. Thermodynamic properties of dissolution of the HXT (Gibbs energy (ΔsolG°), molar enthalpy of dissolution (ΔsolH°), and molar entropy of dissolution (ΔsolS°)) are predicted using the van’t Hoff analysis, the Gibbs equation, and the measured solubilities data. The preferential solvation has been determined using the inverse Kirkwood–Buff integral (IKBI) theory.

إنَّ التَّصوِيرَ هُو أهَمُّ الأَدَوَاتِ الفَنِيَّةِ في تَشكِيلِ النُّصُوصِ الأدَبِيَّةِ- قَدِيمًا وحَدِيثًا- فلا يُمكِنُ أن نَتَصَوَّرَ نَصًّا أَدَبِيًّا من غَيرِ صُورَةٍ، أو نَستَسِيغَ قَصِيدَةً من دُونِ أن تَتَمَاهى في الصُّورَةِ، أو تَأخُذَ من آلِيَاتِ التَّصوِيرِ بِطَرَفٍ، حَتَّى صَارتِ القَصِيدَةُ عِندَ البعضِ صُورَةً، وصارَ الشِّعرُ جِنسًا مِنَ التَّصوِيرِ. فالصُّورةُ هي الشَّيءُ الثَّابِتُ في النُّصُوصِ الأدبيَّةِ عبرَ العُصُورِ، ولِجَمَالِيَّاتِ التَّصوِيرِ الفنِّيِّ التي أَثَرٌ في العقلِ والقلبِ معا، وقُدْرَةٌ على نَقلِ المعنى معَ التَّأثِيرِ في المتَلَقِّينَ، اعتَمَدَ عليه القرآنُ في جُلِّ مَوضُوعَاتِهِ حَتَّى صَارَ الملمَحَ الأسلُوبِيَّ الأسَاسِيَّ في النَّصِّ القرآنِيِّ الذي بَلَغَ حَدَّ الإعجَازِ. إنَّ لآياتِ القتالِ في القرآنِ أَهمِّيَّةً تَنبُعُ من طبيعةِ الموضوعِ، وتأثيرِهِ على أرواحِ النَّاسِ وممتلكاتِهم، وتنظيمِ العلاقةِ والمعاملةِ بين المسلمينَ وغيرِهِم، وبين المسلمين بعضِهم ببعض؛ لذلكَ شغلت هذه الآياتُ مِساحةً كبيرةً من النَّصِّ القرآنيِّ، وكان لِعلومِ البلاغةِ وعلى رأسها علم البيان دورٌ كبيرٌ في تشكيلِها وصِياغِتِها. تَهدُفُ هَذِهِ الدِّرَاسَةُ إلى بَيَانِ وتَحلِيلِ الصُّورةِ البَيَانِيَّةِ في آيَاتِ القِتَالِ، والكَشفِ عن جَمَالِيَّاتِها، وطُرُقِ تَشكِيلِها، وتَأكِيدِ أَهَمِّيَّةِ التَّصويرِ في القرآنِ؛ فجَاءتِ هذه الدِّرَاسَةُ في مُقَدِّمَةٍ و خمسة مَبَاحِثَ، هي: ١- مفهوم الصورة وأهميتها وتشكيلها. 2- التَّشبِيه 3- الاستِعَارَةُ. 4- الكِنَايَةُ. 5- الطِّبَاقُ والمقَابَلَةُ.

Around the first COVID-19 epidemic in Jordan, we aimed to explore awareness of COVID-19 (knowledge and attitudes) disease, treatment options, and preventive measures among patients who were admitted to Jordan University Hospital (JUH) and planned to undergo elective surgery over a period of 3 months in 2020. This prospective cross-sectional article uses a questionnaire based survey which was provided to and was answered by patients themselves, then collected data was migrated to computer software and analyzed. The sample resulted in 292 patients. More than 95% were aware of the disease and and given age, educational levels and gender, we found no significant differences in knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 and protective and preventive measures. More than 60% of those surveyed were aware of COVID-19 serious complications and risk factors for developing them. Around 28% of patients who were admitted had significant anxiety from having COVID-19. The media appears to largely influence and spread some misconceptions about COVID-19 transmission and claimed therapies.

Fluids have played and still play a vital role in attaining an optimized output from industrial processes. However, due to technological advancement, fluids with high hydrothermal characteristics are required. In order to overcome these challenges, researchers have developed fluids with dispersed nanoparticles, which are recognized as nanofluids. Various types of nanoparticles can be added to base fluids to produce thermally enhanced liquids. Among these, the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is considered the best due to the considerable enhancement of thermophysical properties and the stability of the solution. Thus, in the present investigation, an analysis of the heat transfer characteristics of an MWCNT–water nanofluid included in a star-shaped cavity equipped with a hot rectangular baffle is conducted. In addition, a uniform magnetic field is applied along the x-direction to oppose the convective flow generated by variations in density. Mathematical formulations under assumed boundary conditions and physical assumptions are established in the form of dimensionless PDEs. The finite-element-method-based software “COMSOL” is used to execute the numerical simulations. PARADISO is employed to resolve the developed non-linear system of equations. The effects of the governing parameters on the velocity and temperature fields are presented through streamlines and isotherms. The Nusselt number is evaluated to depict the impact of the addition of nanoparticles (MWCNTs) on the heat transfer enhancement. Changes in the horizontal and vertical components of velocity are also evaluated against the Rayleigh number and nanoparticle volume fraction via cutline representation.

In this work, two compounds of isonicotinohydrazide organic class, namely (E)-N′-(1-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethylidene) isonicotinohydrazide (MAPEI) and (Z)-N′-(2-oxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene) isonicotinohydrazide (OHEI) were synthesized and evaluated for corrosion protection of N80 steel in a concentrated acidic medium (15 wt.% HCl) at a temperature of 303 K. The weight loss method (gravimetric method) and electrochemical techniques, i.e., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves (PPC), were used to evaluate the inhibition and adsorption characteristics of tested compounds. Further, surface characterization using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assess the surface morphology of steel before and after inhibition. Weight loss experiments at 303 K and 363 K showed that tested compounds’ performance decreased with the increase in temperature, particularly at low concentrations of inhibitors whereas they exhibited good stability at higher concentrations. Electrochemical tests showed that MAPEI and OHEI inhibitors were effective at 5 × 10−3 mol/L, reaching an inhibition efficiency above 90%. It was also determined that the adsorption of both inhibitors followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Furthermore, SEM analysis showed that the investigated compounds can form a protective layer against steel corrosion in an acidic environment. On the other hand, the corrosion inhibition mechanism was established from density functional theory (DFT), and the self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method which revealed that both inhibitors exerted physicochemical interactions by charge transfer between the s- and p-orbitals of tested molecules and the d-orbital of iron. The results of this work are intended to deepen the research on the products of this family to control the problem of corrosion.

A multispecies model for chloride migration in cementitious materials was proposed. The model is applied to simulate chloride migration in the concrete submitted to the chloride migration test, considering the electrode processes. These processes are very rarely integrated into the literature, despite their impact on the chloride migration and the electroneutrality in the pore solution of the material. The generation of OH− in the cathode and H+ in the anode allows for the monitoring of the electroneutrality. The modelling considers all the ions of the pore solution. Ion fluxes are calculated using Nernst–Planck equation. The Langmuir model is used to simulate the chloride isotherms. The thermodynamic equilibrium in the material is considered, which reflects the liquid–solid interactions during the migration. The ion profiles with and without considering the electrode processes are presented.

A cooling system with impinging jets is used extensively in diverse engineering applications, such as solar panels, electronic equipments, battery thermal management, textiles and drying applications. Over the years many methods have been offered to increase the effectiveness of the cooling system design by different techniques. In one of the available methods, nano-jets are used to achieve a higher local and average heat transfer coefficient. In this study, convective cooling of double rotating cylinders embedded in a porous medium is analyzed by using hybrid nano-jets. A finite element formulation of the thermo-fluid system is considered, while impacts of Reynolds number, rotational speed of the double cylinders, permeability of the porous medium and distance between the cylinders on the cooling performance are numerically assessed. Hybrid and pure fluid performances in the jet cooling system are compared. It is observed that the cooling performance improves when the rotating speed of the cylinder, permeability of the medium and jet Reynolds number are increased. The heat transfer behavior when varying the distance between the cylinders is different for the first and second cylinder. Higher thermal performances are achieved when hybrid nanofluid with higher nanoparticle loading is used. An optimization algorithm is used for finding the optimum distance and rotational speeds of the cylinders for obtaining an improved cooling performance, while results show higher effectiveness as compared to a parametric study. The outcomes of the present work are useful for the thermal design and optimization of the cooling system design for configurations encountered in electronic cooling, energy extraction and waste heat recovery.

Cloud computing is an easy-to-use, affordable solution to manage and analyze medical data. Therefore, this paradigm has gained wide acceptance in the healthcare sector as a cost-efficient way for a successful Electronic Medical Records (EMR) implementation. Cloud technology is, however, subject to increasing criticism because of the numerous security vulnerabilities. In this regard, we propose a framework to protect confidential data through the development of new security measures, including compression, secret share scheme and XOR operation. The primary objective of the proposal is to achieve the right balance between security and usability. To this aim, we divide an image into several blocks and then encrypt each piece separately with different cryptographic keys. To enhance privacy and performance, we suggest DepSky architecture to keep data on various storage nodes. Simulation experiments have been conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Background: The leishmaniasis is a group of diseases with a broad range of clinical manifestations caused by several species of parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. LL-37/hCAP18, the only cathelicidin in human, is expressed as an 18-kDa preproprotein. The most prominent function of cathelicidin is their ability to inhibit propagation of a diverse range of microorganisms, which occurs at a micromolar range. Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the LL37 plasma level in Leishmania Sudanese patients. Methods: In a case-control study, 300 subjects were enrolled (200 as case and 100 controls); 5 ml venous blood was collected in EDTA container, then plasma was obtained and stored frozen at –80°C. LL 37 was estimated using competitive ELISA. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The results revealed that 115 (57%) of Leishimania patients were male and 85 (43%) were female. Plasma LL 37 level was significantly increased in Leishmania patients (1.30 ± 0.71) compared to the control (0.21 ± 0.20) with (p-value 0.000). Conclusion: Leishmania patients had higher levels of plasma LL37, suggesting effective antimicrobial immunity process enhancing healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

In the present paper, a current sensorless (CSL) method for buck-boost converter control is proposed for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) photovoltaic applications. The proposed control scheme uses the mathematical model of the buck-boost converter to derive a predefined objective function for the MPPT control. The proposed scheme does not require any current sensor and relies only on the input voltage signal, which decreases the implementation cost. The proposed method is successfully implemented using a Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow environment, and its effectiveness is compared over the perturb and observe (P&O) method. An experimental rig, that includes a buck-boost converter, a PV simulator, and a resistive load, is used for the experimental validation. A rapid Arduino prototyping platform is used for the digital implementation, where the SAM3X8E microcontroller of the Arduino DUE board, which integrates an ARM Cortex-M3 MCU, is used as a target hardware for the proposed model-based controller developed under the Stateflow environment. Furthermore, the integrated pulse width modulation (PWM) macrocell is used to generate accurate PWM gate-drive signals for the buck-boost converter. Compared to the P&O, the presented simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method has reduced the computation burden and the sensor cost of implementation by 24.3%, and 27.95%, respectively.

The latest technological development called Industry 4.0, like the previous industrial revolutions, has also brought a new challenge for people as a labor force because new technologies require new skills and competencies. By 2030 the existing generation in the labor market will have a skill gap threatening human replacement by machines. Based on bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review the main aims of this study are, on the one hand, to reveal the most related articles concerning skills, competencies, and Industry 4.0, and on the other hand, to identify the newset of skills and competencies which are essential for the future labor force. Determining the model of new skills and competencies in connection with Industry 4.0 technologies is the main novelty of the study. A survey carried out among the workers of mostly multinational organisations in Hungary has also been used to explore the level of awareness about those skills and Industry 4.0 related technologies, and this can be considered the significance of the empirical research.

Lipid-based drug delivery systems are widely used for enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, following oral intake, lipid excipients often undergo gastrointestinal lipolysis, which drastically affects drugs solubility and bioavailability. That's why developing new lipid excipients which are resistant to digestion would be of great interest. We studied here the potential role of the unconventional Chinese star anise whole seedpod oil (CSAO) as an alternative multifunctional lipid excipient. Pancreatic lipase-mediated digestion of the extracted crude oil emulsion was assessed in vitro. Pancreatic lipase, being a strict sn-1,3-regioselective lipase, showed a high (16-fold) olive oil to CSAO activity ratio, which could be attributed to fatty acids composition and triglycerides intramolecular structure. For the sake of comparison, the non-regioselective lipase Novozyme® 435 exhibited higher activity than pancreatic lipase on CSAO emulsion, perhaps due to its ability to release fatty acids from the internal sn-2 position of TAGs. Apart counteracting lipolysis, CSAO oil also showed additional biopharmaceutical benefits including moderate antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Altogether, these findings highlight for the first time the potential use of star anise unconventional whole seedpod oil as a multifunctional lipid excipient for the development of new lipid formulations.