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L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’effet de l’utilisation des grignons d’olives (GO) partiellement dénoyautés en alimentation des agneaux sur les performances d’engraissement, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et la qualité de la viande. Trente-six agneaux de la race (18 femelles et 18 mâles) ont été répartis en 6 lots homogènes (3 lots de femelles et 3 lots de mâles) de six animaux chacun. Chaque deux lots (1 mâle et 1 femelle) ont été affectés à un régime alimentaire. Trois régimes ont été testés : T0 (0% GO), T1 (20% GO) et T2 (40% GO). L’essai s’est déroulé sur une durée de 74 jours précédé d’une période d’adaptation de 10 jours; les agneaux ont été pesés tous les 15 jours et l’ingestion a été contrôlée quotidiennement. A la fin de l’essai, tous les animaux ont été abattus et le poids des carcasses, les notes de conformation et d’engraissement et le gras mésentérique (GM) ont été enregistrées. Par la suite les carcasses ont été déposées dans la chambre froide pendant 24h. Après, le pH24 et la couleur de la viande mesurés au niveau du muscle Longissimus dorsi et le gras pelvi-rénal (GPR) ont été enregistré. Les résultats de l’essai n’ont montré aucun effet significatif du régime alimentaire sur le gain moyen quotidien (GMQ). Le coût alimentaire a été réduit de 4,74 MAD et 3,57 MAD par kg de poids vifs gagné chez les mâles, respectivement pour T2, T1 et l’indice de conversion a été amélioré. Aucun effet significatif du régime alimentaire n’a été observé sur le rendement carcasse, les notes de conformation et d’engraissement, le GPR et GM. Toutefois, L’effet du sexe était significatif sur le GM et GPR et sur le pH24 de la viande avec une supériorité chez les femelles. En conséquence, les GO partiellement dénoyautés peuvent être incorporées jusqu’à 40% en engraissement des agneaux pour réduire le coût alimentaire et sans effet sur les performances d’engraissement.

Le travail a pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet de l’incorporation de la pulpe de betterave ensilée (PBE) dans le régime alimentaire des brebis en lactation sur les variations de leurs poids et la croissance des agneaux durant les deux premiers mois de lactation. Quarante-cinq brebis de la race Boujâad ont été réparties en trois lots homogènes selon le poids et l’âge. Trois régimes alimentaires ont été testés : T0 (orge, foin de luzerne, paille, son de blé); T1 (orge, foin de luzerne, paille son de blé et 15% PBE) et T2 (orge, foin de luzerne, paille, son de blé et 30% PBE). L’essai a duré 60 jours (de l’agnelage à 60 jours de lactation) et il a été précédé d’une période d’adaptation aux régimes alimentaires de 6 jours. Les brebis et leurs produits ont été pesés à l’agnelage, 10, 30 et à 60 jours de lactation. Les poids aux âges types (poids à la naissance, à 10j, à 30j et à 60j), les gains moyens quotidiens GMQ0-10, GMQ10-30, GMQ30-60 et GMQ0-60, ainsi que les variations de poids des brebis durant la période de l’essai sont les principaux paramètres mesurés. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l’incorporation de (PBE) dans la ration des brebis en début de lactation n’a affecté ni le poids ni les variations de poids des brebis (P>0,05). Toutefois, le poids des agneaux à 10 jours et le GMQ0-10 ont été significativement affectés. Les poids à 30 et 60 jours et les GMQ10-30, GMQ30-60 et GMQ0-60 n’ont pas été affectés par le régime alimentaire.

The recent advancements in sensor technologies to monitor and record behavioral activities of livestock provide an accurate scope to extend the database and understand the animal behavior under actual grazing conditions. The aim of this work was to determine the seasonal variation in grazing activities of goats using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and leg sensor technologies. The study was conducted in the Southern Mediterranean forest pasture of Northern Morocco. Eight dairy alpine goats have been fitted with GPS tracking collars and tri-axial accelerometers over a 3-day period of each grazing season (spring, summer, and fall). Most of the behavioral activity of goats was dedicated to grazing (36 to 59%), followed by resting (22 to 30%) and walking without grazing (10 to 24%). During summer and fall, goats traveled longer distances compared to the spring. The combination of the two studied sensors provided useful data information to understand the behavioral activity of goat grazing in forest pasture.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) and sensors technologies are increasingly used to study the grazing behavior of animals. This work was conducted to understand the grazing behavior and energy balance of goats browsing in forest rangeland using GPS and sensors technologies. Forage availability was estimated using the quadrat method during three grazing seasons. Simultaneously, eight indigenous goats were selected to explore their feeding behavior, grazing activities, and energy requirements. The experimental goats were fitted with GPS collars and leg sensors to monitor their grazing activities. At the same time, direct observation was used as a method to study their feeding behavior. Forage availability was higher during spring compared to the summer and autumn seasons. Goats recorded the highest biting rate during summer and autumn (about 22 bites/min). The highest intake rate was recorded during spring (5.6 g DM/min). During spring, goats spent most of their time on grazing (48%) in contrast to the summer and autumn (p < 0.001). They prolonged their lying down time in summer at the expense of standing duration. The time devoted exclusively to grazing (eating) was longer in spring. Walking time in summer and autumn was longer than in spring (p < 0.001). During summer and autumn, the energy balance of goats under grazing conditions was in deficit. Using GPS collars and leg sensors appears to be a useful and easily replicable method to explore and understand the seasonal changes in the grazing areas and activities of goats in a mountainous region. The results could help goat herders and managers to develop feeding and grazing systems while increasing the performance of goats in the Mediterranean forest rangeland.

Utilizaram-se nove novilhos Nelore fistulados no rúmen mantidos em nove piquetes de capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) sob suplementação diária (sete vezes por semana); de segunda a sexta-feira (cinco vezes por semana); ou às segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras (três vezes por semana). Amostras de líquido ruminal foram coletadas em dois dias: um dia em que todos os animais receberam suplemento (dia 1) e outro subsequente, no qual somente os animais sob suplementação diária receberam suplemento (dia 2). A frequência de suplementação não alterou a ingestão de matéria seca de forragem, a ingestão de matéria seca total e a digestibilidade total da matéria seca. As variáveis foram afetadas somente pelo período, com redução significativa do mês de março para o mês de maio. A frequência de suplementação não afetou o pH ruminal. Para N-NH3 ruminal, observou-se interação frequência de suplementação X dia de coleta X horário de coleta. No dia 1 a concentração de N-NH3 não diferiu entre os horários após a suplementação entre os animais sob suplementação diária, enquanto no dia 2 houve um pico de produção de N-NH3 3 horas após a suplementação. Entre os animais sob suplementação cinco vezes por semana, a diferença entre os dias 1 e 2 foi ocasionada pelo tempo 12 do dia 2 (7 mg/dL). Na suplementação três vezes por semana, no dia 1 o pico de N-NH3 ocorreu 3 a 9 horas após a suplementação. A frequência de suplementação afetou somente a concentração de AGCC totais no dia 1 e a concentração de ácido butírico no dia 2. O mês do ano não afeta o pH e a concentração de N-NH3, mas os AGCC diminuem significativamente do mês de março para o mês de maio.Nine ruminally fistulated Nellore steers were located in nine paddocks of palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) pasture under daily supplementation (seven times per week), from Monday to Friday (five times per week) or Monday, Wednesday and Friday (three times per week). Ruminal fluid was sampled on two consecutive days. On the first day, all the animals that were supplemented (D1) and other subsequent day in which only for the animals under daily supplementation received the supplement (D2). The supplementation frequency did not affect the forage DMI, total DMI and DMD. The DMI and DMD were influenced by the experimental period, with reduction from March to May. Ruminal pH was not affected by the supplementation frequency. Supplementation frequency X collection day X collection hour interaction was observed for ruminal NH3-N. No difference in the D1 was observed in NH3-N concentration among the hours after supplementation in the daily supplementation frequency, while in the D2 there was a peak of NH3-N production 3 hours after supplementation. Among the animals under five times per week supplementation, the difference between D1 and D2 was due to the time 12 of the D2 (7 mg/dL). In the three times per week, the NH3-N concentration in D1 peaked at 3-9 hours after supplementation. The supplementation frequency only affected total SCFA concentration in the D1 and butyric acid concentration in the D2. The month of the year did not affect the ruminal pH and NH3-N concentration. However, the SCFA concentration was significantly reduced from March to May.