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Background: Though linked with a favorable overall survival rate, the heterogeneity of NMIBC (non-muscle invasive bladder cancer) has an effect on patients' rates of recurrence. The decision making is depended on the established pathological and clinical parameters for each individual. Therefore, to improve clinical outcome, life quality and survival rates of oncological patients, more parameters are needed to support the decision. Objectives: Analysis the prognostic potential of CHEK2, FASN and Her2/neu immunohistochemical expression in fifty cases of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent TURBT as well as adjuvant intravesical BCG with a focus on prognostication of recurrence as well as progression among NMIBC. Materials and Methods: Our study included fifty cases who had primary papillary superficial (noninvasive) TCC "transitional cell carcinoma" (Stage Ta-T1; with or without CIS of the bladder. Only the tumors containing proper detrusor muscle in biopsy were involved in this study. Between January 2016 and December 2019, the Urology department performed surgical resection. Results: Decrease or loss of CHE2 expression was reported among (56%) of the patients, which was significantly linked with tumor size, smoking, grade, multifocality and concomitant Cis. High FASN expression was demonstrated among (68%) NMIBC cases, expression was significantly linked with tumor size, smoking, grade, multifocality as well concomitant Cis. Positive Her2/neu was found in of (42%) the cases, and the expression was significantly linked with tumor size, smoking, grade, multifocality and concomitant carcinoma in situ. The overall disease-free survival was significantly correlated with low expression of CHEK2 and positive Her2neu. Conclusion: Loss of CHEK2, high FASN and positive Her2/neu in the biopsies of noninvasive "superficial" urothelial carcinomas is an independent predictor of tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carcinoma of the prostate is the most diagnosed tumors and the second top reason of cancer-related deaths in American men, The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was a T-cell checkpoint pathway that sent repressing signals to T cells that can constrain immunity, PD-L1expression and relation to both pathological, clinical parameters and prognosis were studied in many cancers. proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)is proliferating cellular nuclear antigen, PCNA is an acidic nuclear protein, expressed mainly in phase S of the cellular cycle. We intended in this work to explore the immunohistochemical expression of PDL1 & (PCNA) in cancer prostate and correlate their expression with other clinicopathologic parameters. Methods: 46 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma were collected from Pathology Department. Faculty of Medicine. Zagazig University between June 2018 to June 2020, using anti PDL1 & (PCNA) antibodies. Results: For PDL1 expression19 cases were positive (41.3%), showing membranous and cytoplasmic expression in tumor cells. Statistically significant relation was found between PDL1 expression and Age, grade, and stage, those who received chemotherapy. For PCNA expression 33 cases were positive (71.7%) showing nuclear expression. Statistically significant relation was found between PCNA expression and grade and stage and those who received chemotherapy. There is non-significant positive correlation between PDL-1 and PCNA. Conclusions: PDL1 may be a likely new marker or therapeutic goal for prostatic carcinoma cases, PCNA commonly used as a prognostic marker as an indicator of malignant cellular proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is an enzyme accountable for the detoxification of aldehydes. Sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX-9) plays a role in many biological and pathological processes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of ALDH1 and SOX9 expression in early breast cancer. Method: The expression of ALDH1 and SOX-9 was evaluated through immunohistochemistry derived from 50 eligible patients with early breast cancer included in the current prospective cohort study. Results: Positive expression of ALDH1 and SOX-9 were detected in 29 (58%) and 34 (68%) patients, respectively. The positive expressions of both markers were statistically significant associated with increasing the stage, lymph nodes metastasis, high Ki67 labeling index, and molecular subtypes (P < 0.001), along with with the biological markers; estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 over-expressions, and large tumor size (P = 0.039, P = 0.022, P = 0.024 and P = 0.003 for ALDH1 expression and P = 0.012, P = 0.007, P = 0.004, and P = 0.002 for SOX-9 expression, respectively). There is a significant positive association between the expression of ALDH1 and SOX-9, r (correlation coefficient) = +0.806 (P < 0.001). Local recurrence was associated with the positive expression of ALDH1 only (P = 0.045) and the disease progression was statistically significant and associated with the positive expression of both ALDH1 and SOX-9 (P = 0.038, P = 0.023, respectively). There was significant association of positive expression of SOX-9 with reduced 3-y disease-free survival (P = 0.039). Conclusion: Positive expression of ALDH-1 and SOX9 were associated with aggressive histopathological features and poor outcome in early breast cancer and can be considered potential prognostic markers in this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma is now considered a common female gynecologic cancer with increasing incidence, with 13-25% of patients being still liable to recurrence and metastasis, which needs further studies to detect novel targets and new therapies. The aim of the study was evaluate tissue expression of RON, ROR1 and SUSD2 in endometrial carcinoma and atypical endometrial hyperplasia using immunohistochemistry and correlate their expression with clinical, pathological and prognostic parameters of patients. Material and methods: We included samples from 100 patients with endometrial carcinoma. Sections from paraffin blocks were stained with RON, ROR1 and SUSD2 using immunohistochemistry. Correlations between marker expression, clinicopathological features and prognostic samples were evaluated. Results: Upregulation of RON and ROR1 and downregulation of SUSD2 expression were found in endometrial carcinoma more than atypical endometrial hyperplasia (p < 0.001). High RON and ROR1 expression levels were significantly associated with high grade (p < 0.001), presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.003), distant metastases (p = 0.009), advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (p = 0.002), poor response to therapy (p = 0.046), and lower recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate (p = 0.002), progression-free survival (PFS) rate (p = 0.008), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate (p = 0.019) and overall survival rate (p < 0.001). Low SUSD2 expression was significantly associated with older patient age (p = 0.002), large tumor size (p = 0.003), high grade (p = 0.005), presence of adnexal invasion (p = 0.023), presence of lympho-vascular invasion (p = 0.021), extent of myometrial invasion (p = 0.002), lower RFS rate (p = 0.008), lower PFS rate (p = 0.023), and lower DMFS rate (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Upregulation of RON and ROR1 and downregulation of SUSD2 lead to promotion of endometrial cancer cell proliferation, migration, epithelial- mesenchymal transition, and invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In Egypt, colorectal carcinoma is considered the 7th prevalent cancer, accounting for 3.47% of male cancers and 3% of female malignancies. A localized CRC can be entirely cured via surgical resection. Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer mortality. IMP3 is an independent prognostic biomarker that expects metastasis and poor prognosis in CRC. The upregulation of nuclear cyclin D1 plays an essential role in pathogenesis and metastases of CRC. We aimed to investigate the expression of IMP3 and cyclin D1 in colorectal carcinoma and their correlation with other clinicopathological features. Method: In this retrospective cohort study, 80 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks of CRC were obtained from the subjects. The immunohistochemical expression of IMP3 and cyclin D1 were examined and found to be correlated with clinical- pathological parameters and the outcome of the patients. Results: Overexpression of IMP3 and cyclin D1 was noted in 68.75% and 56.25%, respectively. IMP3 expression was significantly correlated with tumor grade (P < 0.001), tumor, node, and metastases (TNM) stage (P = 0.040), and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.005); cyclin D1 was significantly associated with TNM stage (P < 0.001), lymph node (LN) metastasis (P < 0.001), and distant metastasis (DM) (P = 0.004); cyclin D1 was significantly correlated with TNM stage (P < 0.001), LN metastasis (P < 0.001), and DM (P = 0.004). Conclusion: IMP3 and cyclin d1 were associated with poor prognosis in CRC, which makes them attractive targets for anticancer drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]