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Purpose: The treatment landscape for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been revolutionized by the introduction of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which has transformed the disease from a fatal condition into a manageable chronic illness for a substantial number of patients. Despite this, some individuals do not respond adequately to the treatment, and others may experience disease progression even with continued therapy. This study examined how CYP2C8*3 (G416A; rs11572080) and ABCG2 C421A (rs2231142) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect the plasma trough concentration and therapeutic response of imatinib in Egyptian CML patients. Methods: The study included fifty patients with chronic-phase CML, who were categorized into two groups: responders (n = 26) and non-responders (n = 24), according to their BCR-ABL1 transcription levels after 12 months of imatinib treatment. Genotyping of the CYP2C8*3 and ABCG2 C421A polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), while plasma trough concentrations were determined through high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-diode array detection (HPLC-UV/DAD). Results: Patients with the CA genotype of ABCG2 C421A showed significantly higher mean plasma trough concentrations of imatinib (CA: 1731 ± 424.7 ng/mL; CC: 1294 ± 381.3 ng/mL; p = 0.0132) and demonstrated a better molecular response compared to those with the CC genotype (p = 0.0395). Conclusion: The ABCG2 C421A polymorphism significantly influenced imatinib plasma trough concentrations and molecular responses in Egyptian chronic-phase CML patients. Genotyping of this polymorphism in these patients could assist in optimizing imatinib therapy, predicting more favorable treatment outcomes, and enabling the development of more personalized treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For thousands of years, Vachellia nilotica has been widely used as an herbal medicine to treat some diseases and symptoms, including respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital ailments. The present study was adapted to document and assemble existing information about V. nilotica and its evidence-based ethnopharmacological activities, with brief reviews on the description, geographical distribution, ecology, medical uses and phytochemistry. A literature review and information up to 2024 was performed in various scientific databases, including PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The keywords were "Acacia nilotica", "Botany", "ecology", "Traditional uses", "Phytochemistry", "Polyphenols", "Molecular docking", "Ethnopharmacological activities" and "toxicity", among others. V. nilotica has a wide range of uses, with low toxicity, reported in different countries. It can be infused into oils or tea or incorporated into paste, poultice and biscuits, used as an emollient, antidiarrheal, astringent and as an antidote for bite poisons. Glucose and lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anthelmintic activities are the most prominent. Over 150 chemical components have been identified from V. nilotica that could be associated with its potential actions. Quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, naringenin, catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, lupeol and niloticane are its main active constituents. From the research data, and despite the fact that human clinical trials and detailed methodological studies are scarce, V. nilotica has shown wide-ranging activities, though the most robust evidence is related to the treatment of microbial infections, diarrhea, wound and ulcer healing and for topical application. More pharmacological and toxicological studies are required to further elucidate the mechanisms of action, potential side effects, and optimal dosages for these treatments. Additionally, more clinical trials are needed to validate these traditional uses in human populations and to ensure the safety and efficacy of V. nilotica for these applications. This article offers an overview of therapeutic applications by utilizing traditional uses and recent findings on phytochemical studies, and clinical and pharmacological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 90% of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) are estimated to have type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which causes hepatic dysfunction. Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic medication that ameliorates diabetic liver dysfunction. Rosuvastatin is an antihyperlipidemic drug that alleviates the hepatic damage caused by T2DM. This study's objective was to look into the therapeutic potential of pioglitazone and rosuvastatin in combination in the management of diabetic liver injury induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Forty male albino rats weighing 150 ± 15 g were used and split into five groups (8 rats in each). Groups II, III, IV, and V undergo induction of T2DM by feeding rats with HFD for 1 month and injecting a low dose of STZ. Group I, however, remained a negative control. Group II was not given any treatment; Group III was treated with pioglitazone; Group IV was treated with rosuvastatin; and Group V was treated with a combination of pioglitazone and rosuvastatin. After 28 days, serum liver enzyme levels and protein profiles were assessed. Expression of the inflammatory cytokines and Cytochrome P2E1 (CYP2E1) genes in the liver was also evaluated. Furthermore, hepatic tissue underwent histopathological examination. The results demonstrated considerable enhancement of the parameters under investigation in groups that were treated with pioglitazone, rosuvastatin alone, or their combination in comparison to the diabetic group. However, the effects of combined therapy are greater than those of monotherapy. In conclusion, concomitant administration of pioglitazone and rosuvastatin had greater potential for attenuating diabetic liver injury than monotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]