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Introduction Aluminum oxide ([Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]) is commonly used in explosives, lithium batteries, ceramics, resistant coatings on propeller shafts, fuels in boosters, missiles, and rockets, gelled fuels, car finishes and flooring, and [...], The objectives of present study were to examine the effects of aluminum oxide ([Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]) nanoparticles on myocardial functions, electrical activities, morphology, inflammation, redox state, and myocardial expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) and the effect of gallic acid (GA) on these effects in a rat animal model. Forty male albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups: the control (normal) group; the [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] group, rats received [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] (30 mg x [kg.sup.-1], i.p.) daily for 14 days; the nano- alumina group, rats received nano-alumina (30 mg x [kg.sup.-1], i.p.) daily for 14 days; and the nano-alumina + GA group, rats received GA(100 mg x [kg.sup.-1] orally once daily) for 14 days before nano-alumina administration. The results showed disturbed ECG variables and significant increases in serum levels of LDH, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), CK-MB, triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol and LDL, nitric oxide (NO), and TNF-α and myocardial concentrations of NO, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde (MDA), with significant decreases in serum HDL and myocardial GSH, SOD, catalase (CAT), and Cx43 expression in the nano-alumina group. Pretreatment with GA improved significantly all parameters except serum and myocardial NO. We concluded that chronic administration of [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] NPs caused myocardial dysfunctions, and pretreatment with GA ameliorates myocardial injury induced by nano-alumina, probably through its hypolipidaemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects and upregulation of Cx43 in heart. Key words: gallic acid, nano-alumina, ECG, cardiac enzymes, oxidative stress, TNF-α, dyslipidemia, Cx43. Les objectifs de la presente etude etaient d'examiner les effets de nanoparticules (NP) d'oxyde d'aluminium ([Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]) sur les fonctions, l'activite electrique, la morphologie, l'inflammation, l'etat redox et l'expression de la connexine 43 (Cx43) du myocarde, ainsi que l'effet de l'acide gallique (AG) sur ces effets chez le rat. Quarante rats males albinos ont ete repartis en quatre groupes egaux : le groupe controle normal; le groupe [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3], rats ayant recu l'[Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] (30 mg x [kg.sup.-1], i.p.) par jour pendant 14 jours; le groupe nano-alumine, rats ayant recu les nano-alumine (30 mg x [kg.sup.-1], i.p.) par jour pendant 14 jours; et le groupe nano-alumine + AG, rats ayant recu l'AG (100 mg x [kg.sup.-1] par voie orale une fois par jour) pendant 14 jours avant l'administration de nano-alumine. Les resultats ont montre une perturbation des variables de l'ECG et un accroissement significatif des niveaux seriques de LDH, de creatine phosphokinase (CPK), de CK-MB, de triglycerides (TG), du cholesterol et des LDL, de l'oxyde nitrique (NO) et du TNF-α, et des concentrations myocardiques de NO, de TNF-α et de malonaldehyde (MDA), accompagnes d'une diminution significative des HDL seriques et de GSH, de SOD, de catalase (CAT) et de Cx43 dans le myocarde chez le groupe nano-alumine. Un pretraitement a l'AG ameliorait significativement tous les parametres hormis le NO serique et myocardique. Les auteurs concluent que l'administration chronique de NP d'[Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] provoque des dysfonctions myocardiques et que le pretraitement a l'AG ameliore le dommage myocardique induit par les nano-alumine probablement par ses effets hypolipemiants, anti-inflammatoires et antioxydants, et par la regulation a la hausse de la Cx43 dans le coeur. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : acide gallique, nano-alumine, ECG, enzymes cardiaques, stress oxydant, TNF-α, dyslipemie, Cx43.

Introduction Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (Beckman et al. 2002). DM can adversely affect the cardiovascular system at the [...], Diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly associated with metabolic and cardiac dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ghrelin on metabolic and cardiac dysfunctions in a type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model. For this, 48 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into 4 groups: Group I, fed normal chow, served as normal control group; Groups II-IV, were fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks followed by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg body mass) to create a model of T2DM; Group II, were not treated; Group III, were treated with the vehicle (saline); Group IV, were treated with ghrelin (40 µ/kg body mass) twice daily for 10 days. The untreated diabetic rats showed a significant increase in serum fasting blood glucose, insulin homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total serum cholesterol (TC), and body mass, with a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.05). Hearts isolated from diabetic rats showed a significant increase in myocardial fat content, a significant decrease in GLUT4, and an increase in acyl-CoA oxidase enzyme mRNA (p < 0.05). Ghrelin administration for 10 days caused a significant improvement in lipid profile, HOMA index, and body mass, and significantly corrected the myocardial mass, significantly reduced the fat content of the myocardium, significantly increased GLUT4, and decreased acyl CoA oxidase mRNA (p < 0.05). Thus, ghrelin improves both the metabolic functions and the disturbed energy metabolism in the cardiac muscle of obese diabetic rats. Key words: ghrelin, type-2 DM, rats, isolated heart, cardiomyopathy. Le diabete sucre (DS) est generalement associe a des dysfonctions metaboliques et cardiaques. La presente etude a eu pour but d'examiner l'effet de la ghreline sur les dysfonctions metaboliques et cardiaques dans un modele de diabete sucre (DS) de type 2 (T2) chez le rat. On a divise 46 rats Sprague-Dawley adultes males en 4 groupes : Groupe I : rats nourris normalement, groupe temoin normal; Groupes II-IV : rats nourris pendant 2 semaines avec une nourriture a haute teneur en matieres grasses, puis soumis a une injection de streptozotocine (STZ) (35 mg/kg) pour produire un modele de DST2; Groupe II : rats non traites; Groupe III : rats traites avec un vehicule (solution saline); Groupe IV : rats traites avec de la ghreline (40 |ig/kg) deux fois par jour pendant 10 jours. Les rats diabetiques non traites ont montre des augmentations significatives du glucose serique a jeun, de l'indice HOMA, des triglycerides (TG), du cholesterol (LDL-C), du cholesterol serique total (CT) et du poids corporel, ainsi qu'une diminution du cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0,05). Les coeurs isoles des rats diabetiques ont montre une augmentation significative de la teneur en graisse du myocarde, une diminution notable de la GLUT4 et une augmentation appreciable de l'ARNm de l'enzyme acyl-CoA oxydase (p < 0,05). L'administration de ghreline pendant 10 jours a augmente significativement le profil lipidique, l'indice HOMA et le poids corporel, corrige sensiblement le poids du myocarde, diminue nettement la teneur en graisse du myocarde, augmente notablement la GLUT4 et diminue de facon appreciable l'ARNm de l'acyl CoA oxydase (p < 0,05). Les resultats indiquent que la ghreline ameliore les dysfonctions metaboliques et le metabolisme energetique altere du muscle cardiaque chez les rats obeses diabetiques. Mots-cles : ghreline, DS de type 2, rats, coeur isole, cardiomyopathie. [Traduit par la Redaction]

Abstract Background Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic neoplasm characterized by local invasiveness and tendency towards recurrence. Aims Studying the role played by EGFR, CD10 and Ki67 in the recurrence of ameloblastoma. Methods This study was carried out on 22 retrospective cases of mandibular ameloblastoma from the period from Jan 2002 to Jan 2008 with follow up period until Jan 2011 (3 to 8 years follow up peroid). Archival materials were obtained from pathology department, Mansoura university. Paraffin sections of tumor tissue from all cases were submitted for routine H&E stains and immunohistochemistry using EGFR, CD10 and Ki67 monoclonal antibodies. Statistical analysis using of clinical data for all patients, tumor type, EGFR, CD10 and Ki67 expression in relation to recurrence were evaluated. Results Among the 22 cases, 10 cases were males and 12 were females with sex ratio 1:1.2. Age ranged from 34 to 59 years old with a mean age 44.18 year. Five cases showed local recurrence within studied period and proved by biopsy. No statistically significant relation was found between local recurrence and patient age, tumor size, tumor type, EGFR expression. There was a significant relation between CD10 expression as well as Ki67 labelling index and recurrence (P value = 0.003, 0.000 respectively). Conclusion Evaluation of CD10 and Ki67 status together with conventional histological evaluation can help in providing more information about the biologic behavior of the tumor, while EGFR could be a target of an expanding class of anticancer therapies. Since ameloblastomas are EGFR-positive tumors, anti-EGFR agents could be considered to reduce the size of large tumors and to treat unresectable tumors that are in close proximity to vital structures. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1902106905645651

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