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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorders in women of childbearing age. Objective: To determine the frequency of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among young unmarried females to increase awareness of PCOS and to promote effective early medical interventions and healthy lives for women. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which 180 unmarried females between 16 to 24 years old attending gynecology and dermatology outpatient clinic suffering from menstrual abnormalities or symptoms of hyperandrogenism to estimate the prevalence rate of polycystic ovarian syndrome from May to November 2018. According to diagnostic criteria of the NIH, Rotterdam, and the AE-PCOS. Menstrual irregularities (MI) were identified, and clinical hyperandrogenism was evaluated by self-assessment of hirsutism using the modified Ferriman–Gallwey score. Blood analysis was done for measurement of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and androgen hormones. Results: This study revealed Prevalence rate of PCOS is 55.6% among all presented cases, oligomenorrhea, acne, and hirsutism were the most common complaint in this study. Also, this study showed that there is an association between PCOS and sedentary life, and unhealthy food habits. There was a significant difference between PCOS and non-PCOS in LH and prolactin levels. There is a disturbed LH FSH ratio (2:1 or more). It also shows that there was a significant difference between PCOS and non-PCOS in ovarian volume. Conclusions: Lifestyle modification as healthy food and exercise play important role in the prevention of PCOS.

Sea level and sea surface temperature inter-annual variability and trends in the Mediterranean Sea were investigated during the period 1993–2017. These were carried out using gridded absolute dynamic topography from satellite altimetry, tide gauge (TG) time series from 25 stations and gridded sea surface temperature (SST) from advanced very-high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data. The coastal TG data were used to verify the satellite derived sea level. Moreover, the contributions of atmospheric pressure and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) to sea level changes were also examined. The results revealed that the Mediterranean Sea exhibits inter-annual spatiotemporal coherent variability in both sea level and SST. The spatial variability in sea level is more significant over the Adriatic and Aegean Seas, most of the Levantine basin, and along the Tunisian shelf. Marked spatial variability in SST occurs over the central part of the Mediterranean Sea with maximum amplitude in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The highest temporal variability of sea level and SST was found in 2010 and 2003, respectively. The inter-annual variability of sea level and SST accounts for about 32% and 3% of the total variance of sea level and SST, respectively. An analysis of sea level anomaly reveled large negative values during the extended winter of 2011–2012, which may be attributed to the strong positive phase of NAO index. Satellite altimetry indicated a significant positive sea level trend of 2.7 ± 0.41 mm/year together with a significant warming of 0.036 ± 0.003 °C/year over the whole Mediterranean Sea for the period 1993–2017.

The present work affords a comprehensive tidal analysis with diverse terms and beneficial information, which can be utilised for navigational and engineering purposes, and contributes to the understanding of the sea level behaviour in Safaga Harbour. The study was built up on hourly data of sea level over 2 years from January 2012 to December 2013, with no missing data. The T_TIDE package was used to obtain the different astronomical amplitudes and phases over the study period. To correlate with the affecting meteorological conditions, simultaneous hourly meteorological records were considered. These comprised air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed. Results revealed that tides in Safaga Harbour are of semidiurnal type. The impact of the astronomical tides on the observed sea level was 1.5 times that of meteorological factors, with a spring to neap ratio of 1.3. The mean sea level (MSL) was 0.56 m, exhibiting seasonal variation with the lowest value of 0.45 m in winter (December) and the highest of 0.71 m in summer (August). According to the present findings, the calculated mean tidal level (MTL) of 0.61 m was higher by 0.05 m than the MSL, which declares the importance of the shallow-water components upon studying the sea level variations in the sheltered coastal region of Safaga Harbour as they are increasingly spatially variable. Furthermore, the detected sea level variations in the Harbour were tightly correlated with the air temperature and atmospheric pressure than with the wind speed either zonal or meridional.

Safaga and Qusseir are two important harbours on the Egyptian Proper Red Sea coast. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work to describe the sea level characteristics at these two ports. The study is based on hourly sea level records over 3 years (2012–2014). There are no missed data at Qusseir site, but Safaga dataset missed 25% of records (April–December 2014). The hourly water level ranged between 0.02 m and 1.70 m at Safaga and between 0.04 m and 1.03 m at Qusseir, with a mean sea level (MSL) of 0.56 m and 0.50 m at the two Harbours, respectively. The T_TIDE package was used to produce astronomical and residual elevations at the two Harbours. Results revealed that the two Harbours examine explicit semidiurnal tidal cycle, with a bit higher astronomical amplitudes in Safaga. Moreover, the two sites exhibit almost the same seasonal sea level trend with very slight differences. The monthly mean levels at the two Harbours are always below their averages except during the summer months. The principal features of the semidiurnal tides indicated a ratio of 1.3 and 1.5 between spring and neap ranges at Safaga and Qusseir, respectively. The most pronounced sea level range at Safaga Harbour was 0.50 m, while it was 0.60 m at Qusseir Harbour. The astronomical elevations fluctuated between − 0.55 m and + 0.71 m and between − 0.47 m and + 0.53 m in Safaga and Qusseir Harbours, respectively.

Early identification of sepsis and its differentiation from non-infective SIRS are important for sepsis outcome. We intended to evaluate the use of presepsin in differentiating sepsis from noninfectious SIRS and its prognostic value compared to CRP. We included 31 patients (median age 60 year old, 16 males) admitted with SIRS to El-Sahel Teaching Hospital, Egypt after excluding 21 patients with preadmission corticosteroids therapy, blood transfusion, immunosuppressive illness, and ICU length of stay (ICU-LOS) less than 24-hours. Patients were classified into non-infective SIRS group (13 patients) and sepsis group (18 patients). Presepsin, CRP and SOFA score were measured on admission and on days 2 and 4 of admission. The outcome parameters studied were ICU-LOS and in-hospital survival. Apart from temperature and AST which were significantly higher in sepsis group, the two groups were comparable. All the presepsin levels and CRP on days 2 and 4 were significantly higher in sepsis than in SIRS groups. The ICU-LOS was positively correlated with all the presepsin levels and with the CRP levels on days 2 and 4. All presepsin values were significantly higher in survivors while none of the CRP levels were significantly different in survivors and non-survivors. The decrease of presepsin over time was significantly associated with better survival. It was found to be 70% sensitive and 91% specific for predicting survival in SIRS patients. This relation was not found in CRP levels. We concluded that the presepsin can be used for early differentiation between sepsis and non-infectious SIRS and predict higher mortality.

Due to an unfortunate oversight the author name “Abdallah Mohamed Abdallah” has been misspelt

This study was carried out on breeding bird species at Zalingei area, Sudan. The objective of this study is to document the bird species breeding at Zalingei area. The Direct observation and road count were used to data collection between April to November 2013and April to November2014. The study area was patrolled by car and on foot from7:00am to7:00pm, Field binoculars (Samsunglens HD, Tianzhufeng, 8×40,168ft) and Digital camera Samsung model (DV150F/DV151F/DV155F) were used for observation of birds identification of birds were made using East and Central African birds guide (Williams, 1991 and Sinclair and Peter, 2010). Coordinates of wetlands was done using Global Positioning System(GPS). Total of 37 species, out of 121 species were recorded breeding during the study period. They were distributed in the four sites, in Zalingei 32 species were recorded breeding. 28 species were recorded breeding in Terij and W. Azoom (23species). But the lower breeding species were seen; (14species) in Shawa.

The study was conducted at Zalingei area Central Darfur state-Sudan, to assess the technical aspect of wetlands (water in the area, its availability, depth) in Zalingei area, during the period from2013to2014. The methods used to data collected were included; metrictape (50m) and pole made by Jebel Marra Rural development project, and string (50m), coordinates of Each wetlands points were recorded using a GPS. The result showed that the Wetlands in Zalingei area, can take many forms as Wadis (Streams), water Pools (Permanent and temporary) and small lakes, Eight water pools and two lakes were established in the dry season, these pools are: Adam-gola, Fawzei, Hamidia, Saa4, Tarei, Zour, Rejl-aldafa, and Sarei-olmaly. The lakes as: Zour Lake, and Dudei Lake. The study was recommended that to further surveys of wetland should be made in Zalingei area and registrar in Wetland convention as Ramsar site and important bird’sarea.