13 results on '"Abdallah, Charbel"'
Search Results
2. Comprehensive chemical characterization of PM2.5 in the large East Mediterranean-Middle East city of Beirut, Lebanon
- Author
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Fakhri, Nansi, Fadel, Marc, Öztürk, Fatma, Keleş, Melek, Iakovides, Minas, Pikridas, Michael, Abdallah, Charbel, Karam, Cyril, Sciare, Jean, Hayes, Patrick L., and Afif, Charbel
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Optimal network designs of in situ atmospheric CO2 stations over continental France
- Author
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D'Angeli, Carla, primary, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Matajira Rueda, David, additional, Abdallah, Charbel, additional, Bazzi, Hassan, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Lopez, Morgan, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, and Rivier, Léonard, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A Gradient-Descent Optimization of CO2–CO–NOx Emissions over the Paris Megacity─The Case of the First SARS-CoV-2 Lockdown
- Author
-
Abdallah, Charbel, primary, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Lian, Jinghui, additional, Bréon, François-Marie, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Laurent, Olivier, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A. C., additional, Dellaert, Stijn, additional, Perrussel, Olivier, additional, Baudic, Alexia, additional, Utard, Hervé, additional, and Gros, Valérie, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Soil smoldering in temperate forests: A neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios
- Author
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Vallet, Lilian, primary, Abdallah, Charbel, additional, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Joly, Lilian, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Lopez, Morgan, additional, Xueref-Remy, Irène, additional, and Mouillot, Florent, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A Gradient-Descent Optimization of CO2–CO–NOx Emissions over the Paris MegacityThe Case of the First SARS-CoV‑2 Lockdown.
- Author
-
Abdallah, Charbel, Lauvaux, Thomas, Lian, Jinghui, Bréon, François-Marie, Ramonet, Michel, Laurent, Olivier, Ciais, Philippe, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A. C., Dellaert, Stijn, Perrussel, Olivier, Baudic, Alexia, Utard, Hervé, and Gros, Valérie
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A Gradient-Descent Optimization of CO2–CO–NOxEmissions over the Paris Megacity─The Case of the First SARS-CoV-2 Lockdown
- Author
-
Abdallah, Charbel, Lauvaux, Thomas, Lian, Jinghui, Bréon, François-Marie, Ramonet, Michel, Laurent, Olivier, Ciais, Philippe, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A. C., Dellaert, Stijn, Perrussel, Olivier, Baudic, Alexia, Utard, Hervé, and Gros, Valérie
- Abstract
Urban greenhouse gas emissions monitoring is essential to assessing the impact of climate mitigation actions. Using atmospheric continuous measurements of air quality and carbon dioxide (CO2), we developed a gradient-descent optimization system to estimate emissions of the city of Paris. We evaluated our joint CO2–CO–NOxoptimization over the first SARS-CoV-2 related lockdown period, resulting in a decrease in emissions by 40% for NOxand 30% for CO2, in agreement with preliminary estimates using bottom-up activity data yet lower than the decrease estimates from Bayesian atmospheric inversions (50%). Before evaluating the model, we first provide an in-depth analysis of three emission data sets. A general agreement in the totals is observed over the region surrounding Paris (known as Île-de-France) since all the data sets are constrained by the reported national and regional totals. However, the data sets show disagreements in their sector distributions as well as in the interspecies ratios. The seasonality also shows disagreements among emission products related to nonindustrial stationary combustion (residential and tertiary combustion). The results presented in this paper show that a multispecies approach has the potential to provide sectoral information to monitor CO2emissions over urban areas enabled by the deployment of collocated atmospheric greenhouse gases and air quality monitoring stations.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Soil smoldering in temperate forests: A neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios.
- Author
-
Vallet, Lilian, Abdallah, Charbel, Lauvaux, Thomas, Joly, Lilian, Ramonet, Michel, Ciais, Philippe, Morgan, Lopez, Xueref-Remy, Irène, and Florent, Mouillot
- Subjects
TEMPERATE forests ,CARBON emissions ,COMBUSTION efficiency ,AERIAL surveillance ,COMBUSTION gases ,PEATLANDS - Abstract
Fire is considered as an essential climate variable, emitting greenhouse gases in the combustion process. Current global assessments of fire emissions traditionally rely on coarse remotely-sensed burned area data, along with biome-specific combustion completeness and emission factors, to provide near real-time information. However, large uncertainties persist regarding burned areas, biomass affected, and emission factors. Recent increases in resolution have improved previous estimates of burned areas and aboveground biomass, while increasing the information content used to derive emission factors, complemented by airborne sensors deployed in the Tropics. To date, temperate forests, characterized by a lower fire incidence and stricter aerial surveillance restrictions near wildfires, have received less attention. In this study, we leveraged the distinctive fire season of 2022, which impacted Western European temperate forests, to investigate fire emissions monitored by the atmospheric tower network. We examined the role of soil smoldering combustion responsible for higher carbon emissions, locally reported by firefighters but not accounted for in global fire emission budgets. We assessed the CO/CO2 ratio released by major fires in the Mediterranean, Atlantic pine, and Atlantic temperate forests of France. Our findings revealed low Modified Combustion Efficiency (MCE) for the two Atlantic temperate regions, supporting the assumption of heavy smoldering combustion. This type of combustion was associated with specific fire characteristics, such as long-lasting thermal fire signals, and affected ecosystems encompassing needle leaf species, peatlands, and superficial lignite deposits in the soils. Thanks to high-resolution data (approximately 10 meters) on burned areas, tree biomass, peatlands, and soil organic matter, we proposed a revised combustion emission framework consistent with the observed MCEs. Our estimates revealed that 6.15 MtCO2 (± 2.65) were emitted, with belowground stock accounting for 51.75% (± 16.05). Additionally, we calculated a total emission of 1.14 MtCO (± 0.61), with 84.85% (± 3.75) originating from belowground combustion. As a result, the carbon emissions from the 2022 fires in France amounted to 7.95 MteqCO2 (± 3.62). These values exceed by 2-fold the generic GFAS global estimates of 4.18 MteqCO2 (CO and CO2). Fires represent 1.97% (± 0.89) of the country's annual carbon footprint, corresponding to a reduction of 30 % of the forest carbon sink this year. Consequently, we conclude that current European fire emissions estimates should be revised to account for soil combustion in temperate forests. We also recommend the use of atmospheric mixing ratios as an effective monitoring system of prolonged soil fires that have the potential to reignite in the following weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. High-resolution inversion of fossil fuel emissions and biogenic fluxes over the Paris region during 2019-2020
- Author
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Krishnankutty, Nalini, primary, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Abdallah, Charbel, additional, Lian, Jinghui, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Urard, Herve, additional, and Ramonet, Michel, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. From fluxes to signals: A joint analysis of GHG and Air Quality over the Paris Megacity
- Author
-
Abdallah, Charbel, primary, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Gros, Valérie, additional, jinghui, Lian, additional, Bréon, François-Marie, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A.C., additional, Perussel, Olivier, additional, Baudic, Alexia, additional, and Laurent, Olivier, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Evaluation des émissions et de la modélisation de la qualité de l'air sur Beyrouth et le Liban
- Author
-
Abdallah, Charbel and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Aerosols ,Road transport ,Inventaire d'émission ,Tunnel ,Modélisation ,[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Air quality ,Modeling ,Transport routier ,Qualité de l'air ,Emission Inventory - Abstract
Because of health and environmental problems related to air pollution in Lebanon, the number of studies investigating this matter has increased over the years to ensure a proper understanding of the situation, including measurements of air quality, studies on pollutant emissions and modeling of atmospheric concentrations using the chemistry transport model (CTM) WRF/Polyphemus. To model air quality in Lebanon, previous studies have identified several difficulties including: an overestimation of ozone concentrations by a factor of 2 in the modeling results of WRF/Polyphemus during summer 2012, a local VOC emission profile from road transport that is different from those found in developed countries. Consequently, the objectives of this thesis are: to improve the performance of Polyphemus over Lebanon by improving the boundary conditions of the simulation of, to evaluate the model for the year 2014 using new observations provided by the national air quality monitoring network, to measure emission factors from road transport in a tunnel in Beirut and compare those data to those observed in developed countries. To improve the performance of the CTM over Lebanon, this thesis compares the concentrations simulated with two different emission inventories and with different methods of estimating boundary conditions. For emissions, two inventories are compared: one that was recently set up specifically for Lebanon, and a global inventory, called EDGAR-HTAP, which combines measured emissions for developed countries and modelled emissions for the remaining countries Even though EDGAR-HTAP is commonly used in global air-quality models, significant differences in the estimation and the spatial distribution of the emissions are identified compared to the inventory specifically developed for Lebanon. In the simulations of the previous studies over Lebanon, boundary conditions were estimated using global simulations from the model MOZART-4. A regional domain over Middle East is introduced into the modeling chain to cushion the change in the horizontal resolution between the global model (≥ 1°) and the Lebanon domain (0.055°). The results from this change showed a significant improvement in the model performance over Lebanon, especially for ozone. This new modeling configuration (nested domains, Middle East and Lebanon is then used to model the year 2014 and it is evaluated using the observations provided by the national air quality monitoring network. For air-quality pollutants, the model performance is satisfactory, as using published criteria. However, weather modeling (Wind speed and Direction) should be improved, and we should take into account the impact on emissions of the demographic changes between the year for which inventory was designed (2011) and the modeled year (2014) due to the population displacement induced by the Syrian war.Concerning emission factors (EF) of road transport, we performed a measurement campaign at the Salim Slam tunnel in Beirut in 2014. The emission factors for the different pollutants (CO, NOx, PM2.5, VOC) were measured for the average traffic. Compared to other studies, the local EF are higher than those measured in developed countries even though they tend to be reduced, as a result of the changes in the fleet characteristics, compared to the values measured back in 2000, Face aux problèmes sanitaires et environnementaux liés à la pollution atmosphérique au Liban, les études se multiplient pour permettre une bonne compréhension de la situation, dont des mesures de la qualité de l’air et des études sur les émissions de polluants et sur la modélisation des concentrations dans l’atmosphère à l’aide du modèle de chimie transport (CTM) de WRF/Polyphemus. Pour modéliser la qualité de l’air au Liban, les études précédentes se sont heurtées à différentes difficultés dont : une surestimation des concentrations d’ozone d’un facteur 2 dans les résultats de la modélisation WRF/Polyphemus pour l’été 2012, un profil d’émission des COV issus du transport routier différent de ceux que l’on trouve dans les pays développés. De cela dérivent les objectifs de cette thèse : améliorer les performances de Polyphemus pour le Liban, notamment en améliorant la représentation des conditions aux limites du modèle, évaluer le modèle pour l’année 2014 vis-à-vis des nouvelles observations du réseau national de la qualité de l’air, mesurer les facteurs d’émissions du transport routier dans un tunnel à Beyrouth et les comparer aux données des pays développés. Afin d’améliorer les performances du CTM pour le Liban, cette thèse compare les concentrations simulées avec deux inventaires d’émissions différents et avec différentes méthodes de calcul des conditions aux limites. Pour les émissions, deux inventaires sont comparés : un inventaire récemment mise en place pour le Liban et l’inventaire d’émission global EDGAR-HTAP, qui combine des émissions mesurées pour les pays développés et des émissions modélisées pour les autres pays. Bien que cet inventaire soit couramment utilisé dans les modèles globaux de qualité de l’air d’importantes différences d’estimation et de distribution spatiale sont identifiées par rapport à l’inventaire spécifique du Liban. Dans les simulations des études précédentes réalisées sur le Liban, les conditions aux limites étaient obtenues à partir de simulations globales avec le modèle MOZART-4. Un domaine régional sur le Moyen-Orient est introduit dans la chaine de modélisation afin d’amortir le changement de résolution entre les résultats le modèle global (≥ 1°) et le domaine du Liban (0.055°). Ce changement a permis d’améliorer considérablement les résultats de la modélisation des polluants au Liban, surtout pour l’ozone. Cette nouvelle configuration de modélisation (domaines emboités, Moyen Orient puis Liban) est ensuite employée pour la modélisation de l’année 2014 et évaluée vis-à-vis des observations faites par le réseau national de mesure de la qualité de l’air. Les performances du modèle pour la représentation des polluants de qualité de l’air sont satisfaisantes par rapport aux indicateurs disponibles dans la littérature. Cependant, la modélisation météorologique pourrait être améliorée, et il serait souhaitable de prendre en compte l’impact sur les émissions des changements démographiques entre l’année pour laquelle l’inventaire a été conçu (2011) et l’année modélisée (2014) en raison du déplacement de population suite à la guerre en Syrie.En ce qui concerne des facteurs d’émission (FE) du transport routier, nous avons effectué une campagne de mesure au tunnel Salim Slam à Beyrouth en 2014. Les facteurs d’émissions de différents polluants (CO, NOx, PM2.5, COV) ont été mesurés pour l’ensemble du trafic. En comparaison à la littérature, les FE locaux sont toujours supérieurs aux FE des pays développés même s’ils ont tendances à être réduits par rapport aux valeurs mesurés en 2000 suites aux changements du parc automobile et son évolution
- Published
- 2016
12. evaluation of the emissions and air quality modeling over beirut and lebanon
- Author
-
Abdallah, Charbel and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Aerosols ,Road transport ,Inventaire d'émission ,Tunnel ,Modélisation ,[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Air quality ,Modeling ,Transport routier ,Qualité de l'air ,Emission Inventory - Abstract
Because of health and environmental problems related to air pollution in Lebanon, the number of studies investigating this matter has increased over the years to ensure a proper understanding of the situation, including measurements of air quality, studies on pollutant emissions and modeling of atmospheric concentrations using the chemistry transport model (CTM) WRF/Polyphemus. To model air quality in Lebanon, previous studies have identified several difficulties including: an overestimation of ozone concentrations by a factor of 2 in the modeling results of WRF/Polyphemus during summer 2012, a local VOC emission profile from road transport that is different from those found in developed countries. Consequently, the objectives of this thesis are: to improve the performance of Polyphemus over Lebanon by improving the boundary conditions of the simulation of, to evaluate the model for the year 2014 using new observations provided by the national air quality monitoring network, to measure emission factors from road transport in a tunnel in Beirut and compare those data to those observed in developed countries. To improve the performance of the CTM over Lebanon, this thesis compares the concentrations simulated with two different emission inventories and with different methods of estimating boundary conditions. For emissions, two inventories are compared: one that was recently set up specifically for Lebanon, and a global inventory, called EDGAR-HTAP, which combines measured emissions for developed countries and modelled emissions for the remaining countries Even though EDGAR-HTAP is commonly used in global air-quality models, significant differences in the estimation and the spatial distribution of the emissions are identified compared to the inventory specifically developed for Lebanon. In the simulations of the previous studies over Lebanon, boundary conditions were estimated using global simulations from the model MOZART-4. A regional domain over Middle East is introduced into the modeling chain to cushion the change in the horizontal resolution between the global model (≥ 1°) and the Lebanon domain (0.055°). The results from this change showed a significant improvement in the model performance over Lebanon, especially for ozone. This new modeling configuration (nested domains, Middle East and Lebanon is then used to model the year 2014 and it is evaluated using the observations provided by the national air quality monitoring network. For air-quality pollutants, the model performance is satisfactory, as using published criteria. However, weather modeling (Wind speed and Direction) should be improved, and we should take into account the impact on emissions of the demographic changes between the year for which inventory was designed (2011) and the modeled year (2014) due to the population displacement induced by the Syrian war.Concerning emission factors (EF) of road transport, we performed a measurement campaign at the Salim Slam tunnel in Beirut in 2014. The emission factors for the different pollutants (CO, NOx, PM2.5, VOC) were measured for the average traffic. Compared to other studies, the local EF are higher than those measured in developed countries even though they tend to be reduced, as a result of the changes in the fleet characteristics, compared to the values measured back in 2000, Face aux problèmes sanitaires et environnementaux liés à la pollution atmosphérique au Liban, les études se multiplient pour permettre une bonne compréhension de la situation, dont des mesures de la qualité de l’air et des études sur les émissions de polluants et sur la modélisation des concentrations dans l’atmosphère à l’aide du modèle de chimie transport (CTM) de WRF/Polyphemus. Pour modéliser la qualité de l’air au Liban, les études précédentes se sont heurtées à différentes difficultés dont : une surestimation des concentrations d’ozone d’un facteur 2 dans les résultats de la modélisation WRF/Polyphemus pour l’été 2012, un profil d’émission des COV issus du transport routier différent de ceux que l’on trouve dans les pays développés. De cela dérivent les objectifs de cette thèse : améliorer les performances de Polyphemus pour le Liban, notamment en améliorant la représentation des conditions aux limites du modèle, évaluer le modèle pour l’année 2014 vis-à-vis des nouvelles observations du réseau national de la qualité de l’air, mesurer les facteurs d’émissions du transport routier dans un tunnel à Beyrouth et les comparer aux données des pays développés. Afin d’améliorer les performances du CTM pour le Liban, cette thèse compare les concentrations simulées avec deux inventaires d’émissions différents et avec différentes méthodes de calcul des conditions aux limites. Pour les émissions, deux inventaires sont comparés : un inventaire récemment mise en place pour le Liban et l’inventaire d’émission global EDGAR-HTAP, qui combine des émissions mesurées pour les pays développés et des émissions modélisées pour les autres pays. Bien que cet inventaire soit couramment utilisé dans les modèles globaux de qualité de l’air d’importantes différences d’estimation et de distribution spatiale sont identifiées par rapport à l’inventaire spécifique du Liban. Dans les simulations des études précédentes réalisées sur le Liban, les conditions aux limites étaient obtenues à partir de simulations globales avec le modèle MOZART-4. Un domaine régional sur le Moyen-Orient est introduit dans la chaine de modélisation afin d’amortir le changement de résolution entre les résultats le modèle global (≥ 1°) et le domaine du Liban (0.055°). Ce changement a permis d’améliorer considérablement les résultats de la modélisation des polluants au Liban, surtout pour l’ozone. Cette nouvelle configuration de modélisation (domaines emboités, Moyen Orient puis Liban) est ensuite employée pour la modélisation de l’année 2014 et évaluée vis-à-vis des observations faites par le réseau national de mesure de la qualité de l’air. Les performances du modèle pour la représentation des polluants de qualité de l’air sont satisfaisantes par rapport aux indicateurs disponibles dans la littérature. Cependant, la modélisation météorologique pourrait être améliorée, et il serait souhaitable de prendre en compte l’impact sur les émissions des changements démographiques entre l’année pour laquelle l’inventaire a été conçu (2011) et l’année modélisée (2014) en raison du déplacement de population suite à la guerre en Syrie.En ce qui concerne des facteurs d’émission (FE) du transport routier, nous avons effectué une campagne de mesure au tunnel Salim Slam à Beyrouth en 2014. Les facteurs d’émissions de différents polluants (CO, NOx, PM2.5, COV) ont été mesurés pour l’ensemble du trafic. En comparaison à la littérature, les FE locaux sont toujours supérieurs aux FE des pays développés même s’ils ont tendances à être réduits par rapport aux valeurs mesurés en 2000 suites aux changements du parc automobile et son évolution
- Published
- 2016
13. A Gradient-Descent Optimization of CO 2 -CO-NO x Emissions over the Paris Megacity─The Case of the First SARS-CoV-2 Lockdown.
- Author
-
Abdallah C, Lauvaux T, Lian J, Bréon FM, Ramonet M, Laurent O, Ciais P, Denier van der Gon HAC, Dellaert S, Perrussel O, Baudic A, Utard H, and Gros V
- Subjects
- Humans, Carbon Dioxide analysis, SARS-CoV-2, Bayes Theorem, Communicable Disease Control, Air Pollutants analysis, COVID-19, Greenhouse Gases analysis
- Abstract
Urban greenhouse gas emissions monitoring is essential to assessing the impact of climate mitigation actions. Using atmospheric continuous measurements of air quality and carbon dioxide (CO
2 ), we developed a gradient-descent optimization system to estimate emissions of the city of Paris. We evaluated our joint CO2 -CO-NOx optimization over the first SARS-CoV-2 related lockdown period, resulting in a decrease in emissions by 40% for NOx and 30% for CO2 , in agreement with preliminary estimates using bottom-up activity data yet lower than the decrease estimates from Bayesian atmospheric inversions (50%). Before evaluating the model, we first provide an in-depth analysis of three emission data sets. A general agreement in the totals is observed over the region surrounding Paris (known as Île-de-France) since all the data sets are constrained by the reported national and regional totals. However, the data sets show disagreements in their sector distributions as well as in the interspecies ratios. The seasonality also shows disagreements among emission products related to nonindustrial stationary combustion (residential and tertiary combustion). The results presented in this paper show that a multispecies approach has the potential to provide sectoral information to monitor CO2 emissions over urban areas enabled by the deployment of collocated atmospheric greenhouse gases and air quality monitoring stations.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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