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The processes of democratization, observed in recent years in the traditionally conservative Arab world, actualize the need for social workers, so the aim of the study was to study the features of teaching social work in Arab communities. Twelve universities with undergraduate programs in social work were randomly selected to compare these universities' curricula and social work programs and Ajman University. One conclusion is that social work programs in Arab communities should rely on traditional values of Islamic culture and legal literacy to achieve professionally necessary competence. Improvement of curricula and social work programs following international standards of the profession and taking into account the ethnocultural and religious characteristics of the Arab world will provide the Arab communities with highly qualified social workers who can competently provide support to the needy population categories.

This study aims to explore and describe the meaning and effect of the women’s experience of HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination. The study adopted an exploratory descriptive qualitative research method. The sample is purposefully selected and consists of 10 women living with HIV who were members of people living with HIV/AIDS association in Khartoum State in 2019. Results show that all the participants were facing stigma and discrimination because they were living with HIV and AIDS. Distant relatives were the main source of stigma and discrimination followed by friends’ rest of community members. Most participants indicated that they felt they were discriminated because HIV infection is associated with ‘sexual misbehavior’. However, some of them complained that they contracted the virus from their married partners and hence they did not deserve to be stigmatized or discriminated against. Results show that there is a need for creation of awareness among community members on the transmission of HIV.

Background: Ward rounds are a cornerstone in the educational experience of junior doctors and essential part for teaching patient care. Here, we aimed to assess the doctors’ perception about ward rounds as an educational opportunity and to determine the obstacles to conduct a proper ward round in Sudanese hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from the 15th to the 30th of January 2022, among house officers, medical officers, and registrars in about 50 teaching and referral hospitals in Sudan. House officers and medical officers were considered the learners, while specialist registrars were considered the teachers. Doctors' perception was assessed using an online questionnaire, with a 5-Likert scale answering questions. Results: A total of 2,011 doctors participated in this study (882 house officers, 697 medical officers, and 432 registrars). The participants aged 26.9 ± 3.2 years, and females constituted about 60% of the sample. An average of 3.1 ± 6.8 ward rounds were conducted per week in our hospitals, with 11.1 ± 20.3 hours spent on ward rounds per week. A large majority of the doctors agreed that ward rounds are suitable for teaching patient management (91.3%) and diagnostic investigations (89.1%). Almost all the doctors agreed that being interested in teaching (95.1%) and communicating appropriately with the patients (94.7%) make a good teacher on ward rounds. Furthermore, nearly all the doctors agreed that being interested in learning (94.3%) and communicating appropriately with the teacher (94.5%) make a good student on ward rounds. About 92.8% of the doctors stated that ward rounds' quality could be improved. The most frequently reported obstacles that were faced during ward rounds were the noise (70%) and lack of privacy (77%) in the ward environment. Conclusion: Ward rounds have a special value on teaching patient diagnosis and management. Being interested in teaching/learning and having good communication skills were the two major criteria that make a good teacher/learner. Unfortunately, ward rounds are faced by obstacles related to the ward environment. It is mandatory to ensure the quality of both ward rounds' teaching and environment in order to optimise the educational value and subsequently improve patient care practice.

The study aims to form and test a knowledge management model for universities, which made it possible to identify the most influential factors and their relationship with knowledge management processes. The sample of the study (N = 100) included members of the administrations of the United Arab Emirates universities, senior students (graduate students) and teachers. The data were collected based on a Google Forms questionnaire (65 questions). The model includes 6 main factors: leadership, organizational culture, organizational structure, human resources, information technology, measurement and control. It is assumed that the favourable influence of these factors will contribute to the effective implementation of the knowledge management process. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed in SPSS and EViews. The model was verified with the help of the root-mean-square error of approximation. The factors "organizational culture", "human resources", "organizational structure", as the processes of creation, storage and use of information demonstrate the highest degree of compliance (value is 0.5 and below). Internal consistency was checked by calculating Cronbach's alpha (total Cronbach alpha is 0.97). To assess the existing relationships between the processes and factors of knowledge management, an analysis of Spearman's ρ correlation was performed (confidence level is 99%). The findings of the study show that the factor "organizational culture" has the greatest impact on the process of creating knowledge, and the factor of the organizational structure considerably affects knowledge management. It has been concluded that information technology is the least influential factor in the knowledge management process. The model demonstrates that the greatest influence of the “leadership” factor can be observed in the context of the process of applying knowledge. The validity of the model makes it possible to argue that it can be used as a public policy tool for the implementation of knowledge management initiatives in universities. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that on the basis of the model described in the study, it is possible to perform a preliminary assessment of the knowledge assets of universities in order to improve the process of knowledge transfer in education and research. The model will provide university administrations with an opportunity to identify areas for improvement in order for the knowledge management process to be more effective, which ultimately should result in the creation of human capital that meets modern needs.

The profession of a social worker is one of the most important professions for the functioning of a household and society as a whole. A key feature of this type of activity is that an employer does not have economic benefits associated with the tasks that a social worker performs. The study aims to determine the components of job satisfaction of public social workers and to conduct a quantitative analysis of the dependence of these components on factors of the external (professional) environment. The research methodology is focused on considering the object as a system. To achieve a goal, other studies were analyzed with the allocation of categorical data of satisfaction components and external (professional) environment factors. Using the statistical method, categorical data are presented in the form of frequencies to conduct a quantitative analysis of the dependence of satisfaction components on external (professional) environment factors, using the correlation coefficient. The study focused on two categories - job satisfaction and the external (professional) environment. The most significant components of job satisfaction are interpersonal relationships and commitment to an organization; the most significant factors of the external (professional) environment are the interaction of social workers with different population groups and compliance with the law and regulations. On the other hand, the least significant components of job satisfaction are social connections and wages, and the least significant factors of the external environment are professional burnout and personal life. A positive relationship was established between the components of job satisfaction and factors of the external (professional) environment. This indicates that job satisfaction components have an inverse relationship with external environment factors such as rules and norms. The research results are applicable in the field of public policy development, as well as for managers of public institutions, in particular, human resource management.

The purpose of this study is to identify factors that influence knowledge management and evaluate its effectiveness in non-governmental organizations in the context of an integrative-oriented approach. The assessment framework for knowledge management effectiveness offered in this study permits the evaluation of decision-making alternatives and their impact on the effectiveness of knowledge management. The analysis of knowledge management effectiveness was performed using a coefficient-based assessment method on practices such as knowledge creation, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge attraction. The assessment framework incorporates both rational and asymmetry-driven styles in the decision-making practice. The study involved six nongovernmental organizations of various specializations from across the globe. The majority of non-governmental organizations showed an upward trend in the knowledge management effectiveness over the past five years. The knowledge creation asymmetry was established. The analysis of knowledge management alternative revealed that five out of six non-governmental organizations should continue those process that were effective at the time of the study and only one organization needs to move to a practice that was less effective during the research period. The major finding is that actions aimed at enhancing the least effective practice will fail to be as effective as the asymmetry-driven decision, even if they ensure a double increment

In the current world, poverty and education are interconnected. Low level of education is the cause of poverty, as extreme forms of poverty do not allow many children to get a good education. This study investigates the risk factors that significantly increase the likelihood of pupils dropping out of school in Khartoum, Sudan. To accomplish the research, two factors are selected, namely absenteeism and low performance of pupils from poor, disadvantaged communities. A comprehensive interviewing is used to collect the necessary primary data along with the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) data. The life of pupils is characterised by multi-dimensional poverty apace with illiteracy, displacement and large family size, parents' engagement in low paid jobs. The pupils presented multiple reasons (related to poverty) for their absenteeism and low performance. The results indicate that pupils are not clear with their future perspectives whether to drop out of the school or to continue their studies. The study concludes that poverty is the main reason for absenteeism and low performance that increases the likelihood of pupils dropping out of school.

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted all aspects of life including educational services due to partial and complete lockdown. In Sudan, education is based on the traditional method of learning (face-to-face lectures) in a classroom. However, the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 made some educational institutes especially Universities and colleges resort to online learning. This study aimed to assess the Perception of Health professional students included under and postgraduates concerning the possible application of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan 2020.Methods: A Cross-Sectional study was conducted amongst Sudanese Health professional Students, included Undergraduates and postgraduates. A convenient sample collection method was used via a self-administrated online structured questionnaire of nineteen questions, which were validated by a medical education expert. The perception was assessed and data were analyzed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS).Results: A total of 133 Health Professional students responded to the web questionnaire.97 (73%) were undergraduates and 36(27%) were postgraduates. Among undergraduates, 58(59.8%) were expressing positive perception, while 39(40.2%) had a negative perception. Whereas 24 (66.7%) of Postgraduates had positive perceptions and 12(33.3%) of them expressed a negative perception about online learning.Conclusions: Postgraduate health professionals are more familiar and stating a higher level of perception compared to the undergraduates, furthermore, several students already were exposed to hybrid online learning during the current COVID-19 Pandemic. Several obstacles to the implementation of online learning in Sudan were noticed by the participating students in this study, which must be appropriately managed for the successful implantation of this mode of learning.

This work aims to determine the relationship between the emotional development variables and later adaptation in society for preschoolers living in Omdurman, Sudan. The secondary objective is to st...