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Abstract Background: While treating patients during a pandemic, nurses are at risk of mental health issues caused by the stress they face. This study aimed to examine the degree of anxiety and depression among Sudanese nurses throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and demographic features and their association with depression and anxiety. Methods: An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted on Sudanese nurses. Data were collected from eligible nurses using a three-part questionnaire: demographic questions, the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the major depression index (MDI). We used the Chi-square test and Spearman or point biserial correlation to assess the association between demographics, anxiety, and depression. Results: Two hundred and forty-six nurses from Sudan participated in this study. Around 69.5% of participants experienced mild to severe anxiety, while26.4% revealed mild to severe depression. We found a significant association between depression and anxiety (P < 0.001). However, we did not find a significant association between depression or anxiety categories and the baseline characteristics of participants. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates high rates of anxiety and depression among Sudanese nurses throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. As we found no association between anxiety and depression with personal characteristics, psychological support should be given to all nurses' categories as all of them nearly have the same risk for anxiety and depression.

Background: While treating patients during a pandemic, nurses are at risk of mental health issues caused by the stress they face. This study aimed to examine the degree of anxiety and depression among Sudanese nurses throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and demographic features and their association with depression and anxiety. Methods: An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted on Sudanese nurses. Data were collected from eligible nurses using a three-part questionnaire: demographic questions, the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the major depression index (MDI). We used the Chi-square test and Spearman or point biserial correlation to assess the association between demographics, anxiety, and depression. Results: Two hundred and forty-six nurses from Sudan participated in this study. Around 69.5% of participants experienced mild to severe anxiety, while 26.4% revealed mild to severe depression. We found a significant association between depression and anxiety (P < 0.001). However, we did not find a significant association between depression or anxiety categories and the baseline characteristics of participants. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates high rates of anxiety and depression among Sudanese nurses throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. As we found no association between anxiety and depression with personal characteristics, psychological support should be given to all nurses' categories as all of them nearly have the same risk for anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the periodic and quasi-periodic orbits in the symmetric collinear four-body problem through a variational approach. We analyze the conditions under which homographic solutions minimize the action functional. We compute the minimal value of the action functional for these solutions and show that, for four equal masses organized in a linear configuration, these solutions are the minimizers of the action functional. Additionally, we employ numerical experiments using Poincaré sections to explore the existence and stability of periodic and quasi-periodic solutions within this dynamical system. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the variational principles in celestial mechanics and reveal complex dynamical behaviors, crucial for further studies in multi-body problems.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:There is a variation in drug response among patients who practice intermittent fasting. Alteration in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) can affect the pharmacokinetics and drug response.Aims: This research aimed to determine the effect of intermittent fasting on the mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the liver of diabetic mice.Methods: Thirty-two male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups; control, nonfasting diabetic, non-diabetic fasting, and diabetic fasting mice. Insulin-dependent diabetes was induced in mice by a single high-dose (250 mg/kg) streptozocin. Mice of non-diabetic and diabetic fasting groups were subjected to 10-day intermittent fasting for 17 hours daily. Then, the mRNA expression of mouse phase I DMEs cyp1a1, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and cyp3a11 was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the liver of mice in all groups was examined for pathohistological alterations.Results: Diabetes downregulated the mRNA expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing cyp450s in diabetic mice, while intermittent fasting significantly (P

In this paper, we study the minimizing property for the isosceles trapezoid solutions of the four-body problem. We prove that the minimizers of the action functional restricted to homographic solutions are the Keplerian elliptical solutions, and this functional has a minimum equal to $ \frac{3}{2}(2\pi)^{2/3}T^{1/3}\left(\frac{\xi (a, b)}{\eta (a, b)}\right) ^{2/3} $. Further, we investigate the dynamical behavior in the trapezoidal four-body problem using the Poincaré surface of section method.

The current research investigates how professional language teachers’ educational services improve the retention ability for high school students. The population in this study are 635 students of Al Manara School, located at city of Sirte, with 65 students as the sample taken with proportional random sampling technique, and involved two language teachers from the same school, an English teacher and an Arabic teacher. To collect research data, researchers used questionnaire and interview. The data was analyzed using a simple regression formula. The data with a simple regression model with a significance level of the regression was matched with the significance test rules. The result of data analysis indicates that the competence of professional language teachers in educating has a significant effect on increasing students’ memory toward lessons. In addition, the researchers found that there are three pillars of educational services applied by language teachers in educating students. Therefore, it can be concluded that if the professional language teacher education services in educating are improved, there will be an increase in students’ retention ability toward lesson materials.

AbstractBackgroundUnited Nations (UN) personnel address a diverse range of political, social, and cultural crises throughout the world. Compared with other occupations routinely exposed to traumatic stress, there remains a paucity of research on mental health disorders and access to mental healthcare in this population. To fill this gap, personnel from UN agencies were surveyed for mental health disorders and mental healthcare utilization.MethodsUN personnel (N = 17 363) from 11 UN entities completed online measures of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma exposure, mental healthcare usage, and socio-demographic information.ResultsExposure to one or more traumatic events was reported by 36.2% of survey responders. Additionally, 17.9% screened positive for GAD, 22.8% for MDD, and 19.9% for PTSD. Employing multivariable logistic regressions, low job satisfaction, younger age (

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with a significantly increased risk of various cardiovascular and thromboembolic events. Existing studies suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in GCA, but results vary. This meta-analysis aims to quantify the association between GCA and the risk of various cardiovascular outcomes, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the cardiovascular burden in patients with GCA., Methods: A comprehensive literature search was carried out using several databases. Studies were included based on predefined eligibility criteria. Using random effect models, Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals were produced to report the overall effect size. Funnel plots, Egger regression tests, and Begg-Mazumdar's rank correlation test were used to assess publication bias. The endpoint included any cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery disease (CAD), aortic aneurysm/dissection, peripheral artery disease (PAD), stroke, and venous thromboembolism., Results: The meta-analysis included 14 studies with a combined sample size of 609,954 patients, where the mean age was 73.8 years and 72.2% were female. Patients with GCA had significantly higher odds of experiencing any cardiovascular event (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.55 to 2.15), acute myocardial infarction (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.97), coronary artery disease (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.09 to 2.08), aortic aneurysm/dissection (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.55 to 2.46), peripheral artery disease (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.69 to 2.41), stroke (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.25 to 1.84), venous thromboembolism (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.73 to 2.12), deep vein thrombosis (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.50 to 2.91) and pulmonary embolism (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.38 to 4.36). The heterogeneity of the outcomes ranged from low to high across different analyses. No publication bias was evident in the analysis., Conclusion: The meta-analysis highlights the critical need for vigilant cardiovascular monitoring and proactive management strategies in GCA patients. Further research is needed to identify specific factors that contribute to cardiovascular complications in these patients., (Copyright © 2024 Hellenic Society of Cardiology. Publishing services by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Despite the diagnostic capacity of ultrasonography (US) in cases of bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH), it has been underused in the medical clinic for ruminants. Studies comparing ultrasound findings in healthy animals (HA) with subclinical (SCH) and clinical (CH) BEH are scarce in the literature. As a result, the present work aims to describe the US findings of cattle at different stages of BEH evolution, evaluating the diagnostic capacity and precocity of the technique. The study was carried out on five rural properties in the municipalities of Rio Preto and Bom Jardim de Minas - MG, Brazil, using 46 dairy cattle, females over 18 months of age, evaluated and classified as G1/CH, G2/SCH and G3/HA, according to history, clinical examination and urinalysis, with subsequent ultrasound analysis of the bladder. The mean bladder wall thickness was 36.50 mm in G1/CH, 33.53 mm in G2/SCH and 37.93 mm in G3/HA. Irregular walls were observed in 53.33 % (8/15) of G1/CH, 27 0.78 % (5/18) of G2/SCH and 38.46 % (5/13) of G3/HA. Loss of the architecture of the urothelium layers was observed in 53.33 % (8/15) of G1/CH, 33.33 % (6/18) of G2/SCH and 38.46 % (5/13) of G3/HA. Multifocal and Grade I lesion were the most common. Ultrasonography allowed the identification of lesions in 38.46 % of animals that did not present hematuria and in 33.33 % of animals that presented occult blood and proved to be an efficient technique for detecting pre-clinical cases of BEH, allowing easy identification. and early onset of BEH cases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Post-extubation dysphagia (PED) is a common post-extubation complication that may lead to serious problems, such as malnutrition and longer hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays., Aim: To explore factors associated with the readiness for oral intake in post-extubated critically ill adult patients., Study Design: This prospective observational study involved 125 extubated patients. Readiness for oral intake was assessed using the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS), and regression analysis was used to determine its predictors., Results: The median age of the participants was 40.0 years, and 51.2% were female. The median GUSS score was 12.0 (possible range, 0-20), and 35.2% of the studied patients had severe dysphagia (scored 0-9). Bivariate regression analysis showed that older age, male, higher APACHE II score, body mass index (BMI) ≥30, smoking history, longer ICU stay, muscle relaxants use, large-bore endotracheal and orogastric tubes and frequent intubation attempts were associated with lower GUSS score (p-value <.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, BMI and smoking history predicted 37.2% of the variability in the GUSS score (F = 23.865, p-value <.001). Adding the ICU length of stay, muscle relaxants use, size of the endotracheal tube, size of the orogastric tube and frequency of intubation attempts to the regression model raised the predictability to 86.0% (F = 88.809, p-value <.001)., Conclusions: More than one-third of extubated patients have severe PED with a high risk of aspiration. Several modifiable factors, such as muscle relaxant use and endotracheal and orogastric tube size, predict post-extubation readiness for oral intake., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Using endotracheal and orogastric tubes of appropriate sizes, careful assessment of patients with a high risk for difficult intubation, and minimal use of muscle relaxants may help increase patients' readiness for post-extubation oral intake., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nursing in Critical Care published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Association of Critical Care Nurses.)

Purpose: Choosing the best stump closure method for laparoscopic appendectomy has been a debated issue, especially for patients with acute appendicitis. The lack of consensus in the literature and the diverse techniques available have prompted the need for a comprehensive evaluation to guide surgeons in selecting the most optimal appendiceal stump closure method., Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on multiple databases from inception until December 2023 to find relevant studies according to eligibility criteria. The primary outcome was the incidence of total complications., Results: 25 studies with a total of 3308 patients were included in this study, overall complications did not reveal a significant advantage for any intervention (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53; 1.01), Superficial and deep infection risks were similar across all methods, Operative time was significantly longer with endoloop and Intracorporeal sutures (MD = 7.07, 95% CI: 3.28; 10.85) (MD = 26.1, 95% CI: 20.9; 31.29)., Conclusions: There are no significant differences in overall complications among closure methods. However, Intracorporeal sutures and endoloop techniques were associated with extended operative durations., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Secondary Sjogren's syndrome (sSS) is a medical condition that occurs in individuals with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis. It predominantly affects females rather than males. We present a case of a 32-year-old female with a 3-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who presented to the internal medicine and rheumatology clinic with several complaints, including swelling and tenderness in her left jaw, dry mouth (xerostomia), irritated eyes (xerophthalmia), severe joint pain, and a decreased in saliva production. The blood tests demonstrate the presence of anti-SSA and anti-SSB autoantibodies and elevation of total leukocyte count (TLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, indicating inflammation. A high-frequency ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis of Secondary Sjogren's syndrome grade II, specifically affecting the left parotid gland (PG)., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The vitiligo is a cutaneous pigmentary disease. It is one of the most common skin conditions challenging most dermatologists all over the world. The purpose of the study is to shed a light on available data of this skin lesion regarding its epidemiology, pathogenesis, etiology and genetic causes. Additionally theories and hypotheses related to its occurrence and clinical characteristics of various distinguishable types are considered. The diagnosis and treatment of this skin disorder using different medications and management lines or procedures, particularly recently discovered ones, may positively input into treatment of these skin disorders. The article is based on comprehensive data obtained from such well-known scientific databases as Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, Pubmed Central, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.

Background: Despite the success of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in of weight loss and treatment of the medical problems associated with obesity, some concerns have arisen about the need for revisional surgeries after SG in some patients. This study aimed to present an updated and comprehensive comparison among the presently available revisional surgeries employed explicitly in cases of inadequate outcomes after SG, which is the most frequently performed bariatric surgery in contemporary practice., Methods: This network meta-analysis included studies that compared the outcomes of different revisional bariatric procedures after an inadequate outcome of SG., Results: Searching across the electronic databases yielded 31 eligible articles. Re-SG was associated with the highest rate of significant complications. Patients treated with single anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass (SADI) had a significantly higher percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) than those treated with one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) at the end of the follow-up period was significantly higher in patients in the SADI group compared to those in the RYGB group and the OAGB, and re-SG exhibited the least values compared to SADI, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS), and OAGB. Significantly lower rates of reflux worsening/de novo development were observed in the SADI group compared to the OAGB group and the re-SG group, which showed significantly higher rates than SADI and RYGB., Conclusion: Our comprehensive network meta-analysis highlights SADI as a promising revisional option post-SG, demonstrating superior weight loss outcomes, lower significant complication rates, and a favorable impact on reflux compared to other procedures. While acknowledging the limitations of our study, these findings support the potential efficacy of SADI in addressing the challenges of inadequate weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy., (© 2024 International Society of Surgery/Société Internationale de Chirurgie (ISS/SIC).)

Background: Emergency cholecystectomy is the mainstay in treating acute cholecystitis (AC). In actual practice, perioperative prophylactic antibiotics are used to prevent postoperative infectious complications (PIC), but their effectiveness lacks evidence. We aim to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in emergency cholecystectomy., Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus up to June 14, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved patients diagnosed with mild to moderate AC according to Tokyo guidelines who were undergoing emergency cholecystectomy and were administered preoperative and/or postoperative antibiotics as an intervention group and compared to a placebo group. For dichotomous data, we applied the risk ratio (RR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI), while for continuous data, we used the mean difference (MD) and 95% CI., Results: We included seven RCTs encompassing a collective sample size of 1747 patients. Our analysis showed no significant differences regarding total PIC (RR = 0.84 with 95% CI (0.63, 1.12), P = 0.23), surgical site infection (RR = 0.79 with 95% CI (0.56, 1.12), P = 0.19), distant infections (RR = 1.01 with 95% CI (0.55, 1.88), P = 0.97), non-infectious complications (RR = 0.84 with 95% CI (0.64, 1.11), P = 0.22), mortality (RR = 0.34 with 95% CI (0.04, 3.23), P = 0.35), and readmission (RR = 0.69 with 95% CI (0.43, 1.11), P = 0.13)., Conclusion: Perioperative antibiotics in patients with mild to moderate acute cholecystitis did not show a significant reduction of postoperative infectious complications after emergency cholecystectomy. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023438755)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Malnutrition and pain are common in patients with chronic kidney disease who undergo hemodialysis. Although both pain and malnutrition are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, few studies have explored the correlation between pain and nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with pain intensity in patients undergoing hemodialysis, focusing on the risk of malnutrition. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a regional dialysis center in a large tertiary hospital. Convenience sampling was used to recruit adult patients who had undergone hemodialysis for more than three months. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather sociodemographic and clinical data related to dialysis status, comorbidities, and body mass index (BMI). Pain severity and pain interference with functioning domains of the Brief Pain Index (BPI) were used to assess pain, and the malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) was used to assess nutritional status. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to report the findings. The data were analyzed using the 25th version of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) software. Of the final sample of 230 patients, 63.0% were males and 37.0% were females, with an average age of 58.3 years. Almost one-third of the participants had a BMI within the normal range (33.9%), and nearly one-third had a BMI within the underweight range (33.9%). Slightly more than half had a normal nutritional status or mild malnutrition (54.8%), while just under half had moderate or severe malnutrition (45.2%). The prevalence of pain was 47.0%. At the multivariate level, the severity of pain was associated with malnutrition (p < 0.001). Pain interference with function was associated with marital status (p = 0.045), number of comorbidities (p = 0.012), and malnutrition (p < 0.001). The MIS was positively correlated with both the severity of pain and the interference score. Pain and malnutrition were found to be prevalent in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Pain severity was associated with malnutrition, and pain interference was associated with malnutrition, marital status, and the number of comorbidities. Hemodialysis treatment should follow a patient-tailored approach that addresses pain, nutritional status, and associated chronic conditions. In addition, pain assessment and management should be included in the curriculum of nephrology training programs., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This in vitro study assessed the effect of different primers on the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets bonded to reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrate. A total of 40 specimens were randomly distributed to two groups based on the primer used for orthodontic bonding: group 1 (control)-Transbond XT adhesive with Visio.link primer and group 2 (test)-orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT) with traditional orthodontic primer. After bonding, specimens were thermocycled followed by SBS testing and ARI scoring of debonded specimens. Data were analyzed using the unpaired independent t -test and the Chi-square test. Group 1 specimens showed significantly higher SBS values (21.38 ± 1.48 MPa) compared to group 2 specimens (18.63 ± 1.29 MPa) ( p < 0.0001). Adhesive remnant index scores showed no significant variations in bond failure modes and distributions between groups. The SBS obtained by the tested primers exceeded the clinically recommended value. Consequently, there is a comparable clinical application for both tested primers in orthodontic bonding, especially the traditional orthodontic primer, where the availability of Visio.link in clinical practice is not ensured.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterised by insulin resistance and is a risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to review the literature on the effect of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in women with PCOS., Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and the Web of Science in April 2020 and updated in March 2023. Studies were deemed eligible if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effect of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in PCOS. The study follows the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool., Results: Out of 814 initially retrieved citations, 24 randomised clinical trials (RCTs) involving 976 participants were deemed eligible. Among women with PCOS, treatment with rosiglitazone compared to metformin resulted in a significant increase in the mean body weight (mean difference (MD) 1.95 kg; 95% CI 0.03-3.87, p = 0.05). Metformin treatment was associated with a reduction in mean body mass index (BMI) compared to pioglitazone (MD 0.85 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI 0.13-1.57, p = 0.02). Both pioglitazone compared to placebo (MD 2.56 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI 1.77-3.34, p < 0.00001) and rosiglitazone compared to metformin (MD 0.74 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI 0.07-1.41, p = 0.03) were associated with a significant increase in BMI. Treatment with pioglitazone compared to placebo showed a significant reduction in triglycerides (MD - 0.20 mmol/L; 95% CI - 0.38 to - 0.03, p = 0.02) and fasting insulin levels (MD - 11.47 mmol/L; 95% CI - 20.20, - 2.27, p = 0.01). Rosiglitazone compared to metformin was marginally significantly associated with a reduction in the luteinising hormone (LH) (MD - 0.62; 95% CI - 1.25-0.00, p = 0.05)., Conclusion: Both pioglitazone and rosiglitazone were associated with significant increases in body weight and BMI when compared with metformin or placebo. Pioglitazone significantly reduced triglycerides and fasting insulin when compared with placebo while rosiglitazone showed a modest reduction of LH when compared with metformin., Prospero Registration No: CRD42020178783., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Healthcare Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background: In patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), there has been some evidence favoring pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) over pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) in the occurrence of postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPF) and considering PG as a safer anastomotic technique. However, other publications revealed comparable incidences of POPF attributed to both techniques. The current work attempts to reach a more consolidated conclusion about such an issue., Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis that analyzed the studies comparing PG and PJ during PD in terms of the rate of POPF occurrence. Studies were obtained by searching the Scopus, PubMed Central, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases., Results: 35 articles published between 1995 and 2022 presented data from 14,666 patients; 4547 underwent PG and 10,119 underwent PJ. Statistically significant lower rates of POPF (p = 0.044) and clinically relevant CR-POPF (p = 0.043) were shown in the PG group. The post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) was significantly higher in the PG group, while no significant difference was found between the two groups in the clinically significant PPH. No statistically significant differences were found regarding the amount of intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, DGE, overall morbidity rates, reoperation rates, or mortality rates. The percentage of male sex in the PG group and the percentage of soft pancreas in the PJ group seem to influence the odds ratio of CR-POPF (p = 0.076 and 0.074, respectively)., Conclusion: The present study emphasizes the superiority of PG over PJ regarding CR-POPF rates. Higher rates of postoperative hemorrhage were associated with PG. Yet, the clinically significant hemorrhage rate was comparable between the two groups., (© 2024 International Society of Surgery/Société Internationale de Chirurgie (ISS/SIC).)

This case report describes the presentation, diagnosis, and surgical management of a rare vesical ectopic pregnancy in a 36-year-old woman with a history of multiple cesarean sections. The patient presented with symptoms of suprapubic pain, fever, and amenorrhea. An initial ultrasound indicated retained products of conception, leading to a preliminary diagnosis of septic miscarriage. However, subsequent rescanning revealed an empty uterus and a non-viable fetus within the bladder, connected to the uterine cavity. Cystoscopy confirmed the presence of fetal parts inside the bladder. Finally, a laparotomy was performed and the fetus was removed from the bladder with repair of the underlying uterovesical fistula. An uneventful postoperative period ensued. The literature review revealed only four previously reported cases with similar overall presentations. This case highlights the importance of considering vesical ectopic pregnancies in patients with a history of cesarean sections and unusual symptoms, as prompt surgical intervention is crucial for ensuring successful management of the condition., (© 2023 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.)

Objectives: Obese patients are at increased risk for CVD, which is the main cause of premature death and has been a major cause of disability and ill health in recent years. PTN, a natural dihydrochalcone flavonoid, has a variety of pharmacological characteristics. This article aimed to prepare PTN-NSLs to evaluate their anti-obesity activity., Methods: Morphology, Particle size, zeta potential, UV-vis, entrapment efficiency, FT-IR spectra, and an in vitro release study of PTN-NSLs were described. PTN-NSLs were also tested for their anti-obesity properties in obese rats. The LD50 of PTN-NSLs was calculated, as was the 1/20 LD50 prepared for the treatment of obese rats. Also, the level of glycemic, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were estimated in the obese rat's model., Results: The synthesized PTN-NSLs were uniform, spherically shaped, and well dispersed with no aggregation noted, with a size range of 114.06 ± 8.35 nm. The measured zeta potential value of PTN-NSLs was -32.50.8 mv. Also, the UV spectra of PTN and PTN-NSLs have strong absorption at 225 and 285 nm. Also, the LD50 of PTN-NSLs was found to be 2750 mg/kg.b.w. Moreover, administrating obese rats with PTN-NSLs resulted in improved glycemic features as well as GSH, SOD, GPx, GR, IL10, TBARs, and IL-6 levels, as well as attenuated FAS, SREBP1c, AMPK, ACO, CPT1, and OB-Rb gene expression., Conclusions: Administration of PTN-NSLs significantly attenuated the levels of glycemic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers. The biochemical and PCR findings are aided by histological investigations. Also, the present findings imply that PTN-NSLs might be a promising pharmacological tool for the treatment of obesity-related diseases., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is common in critically ill patients and increases the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and weaning time. Early mobilization, range of motion (ROM) exercises, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can prevent ICU-AW by maintaining muscle mass. However, studies highlighting the effects of combining NMES with early physical activity in ICU patients are limited., Aim: To evaluate the effect of NMES and early physical activity on ICU-AW in mechanically ventilated patients., Study Design: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in Alexandria, Egypt. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups: NMES, ROM, combined therapy (ROM + NMES), or conventional care (control group). The Medical Research Council (MRC) scale was used to assess the ICU-AW for the study patients over a 7-day period. The duration of the patient's MV and ICU stays were recorded., Results: Of the 180 patients who were assessed for eligibility, 124 were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 32 patients in ROM exercises, 30 in NMES, 31 in combined therapy (ROM + NMES), and 31 in the control group. On day 7, ROM + NMES and NMES groups showed higher MRC scores than ROM and control groups (50.37 ± 2.34, 49.77 ± 2.19, 44.97 ± 3.61, and 41.10 ± 3.84, respectively). ANOVA test results indicated significant differences (p < .001) across the four groups. ICU-AW occurred in 0% of the ROM + NMES group, 60% of the ROM group, 13% of the NMES group, and 100% of the control group (p < .001). The MV duration (in days) in the ROM + NMES group was shorter (12.80 ± 3.800) than in the ROM, NMES, or control groups (21.80 ± 4.460, 18.73 ± 4.748, and 20.70 ± 3.932, respectively). ICU-LOS was shorter in the ROM + NMES group (17.43 ± 3.17 days) compared with the ROM group (22.53 ± 4.51 days), the NMES group (21.10 ± 5.0 days), and the control group (21.50 ± 4.42 days) with significant differences (p < .001) between the four groups., Conclusion: Daily sessions of NMES and early physical activity were well tolerated, preserved muscle strength, prevented ICU-AW, and decreased the duration of the MV and ICU stay., Relevance to Clinical Practice: The findings of this study support the use of NMES and early physical exercises by critical care nurses as part of routine care for critically ill patients., (© 2023 British Association of Critical Care Nurses.)

This study explores alternative chemical agents to enhance oil recovery in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs, aiming to address limitations in alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding. Existing ASP methods face technical and environmental challenges, prompting research into alternative chemical agents. However, there are limited field deployments of these alternative chemical agents due to high costs, and ternary combinations of these agents remain unexplored. The study investigates a combination of organic alkali, amino acid-based surfactant/surface-active ionic liquid, and biopolymer. Comparative analysis with conventional ASP formulations reveals promising results. Organic alkali and biopolymer combination mitigates the adverse effects of inorganic alkalis on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, enhancing the oil recovery potential. A unit technical cost (UTC) calculation showed that despite higher chemical costs per incremental barrel of oil, the alternative ASP formulations demonstrate comparable costs due to reduced facility cost. Cost-effectiveness will improve with incorporation of factors such as environmental friendliness and reduced preflush requirements. Mass production of these agents could further enhance the economic feasibility. Therefore, this study reveals that careful cost-benefit analysis, the development of low-concentration formulations, and mass production of these chemical agents could facilitate the implementation of these alternatives, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and enabling ASP flooding in challenging reservoir conditions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Obesity has become a global epidemic in the modern world, significantly impacting the global healthcare economy. Lifestyle interventions remain the primary approach to managing obesity, with medical therapy considered a secondary option, often used in conjunction with lifestyle modifications. In recent years, there has been a proliferation of newer therapeutic agents, revolutionizing the treatment landscape for obesity. Notably, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), such as semaglutide, liraglutide, and the recently approved dual GLP-1/GIP RAs agonist tirzepatide, have emerged as effective medications for managing obesity, resulting in significant weight loss. These agents not only promote weight reduction but also improve metabolic parameters, including lipid profiles, glucose levels, and central adiposity. On the other hand, bariatric surgery has demonstrated superior efficacy in achieving weight reduction and addressing overall metabolic imbalances. However, with ongoing technological advancements, there is an ongoing debate regarding whether personalized medicine, targeting specific components, will shape the future of developing novel therapeutic agents for obesity management., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Roomy, Hussain, Behbehani, Abu-Farha, Al-Harris, Ambi, Abdalla, Al-Mulla, Abu-Farha and Abubaker.)

Adipocyte P2 (aP2), also known as FABP4, is an adipokine that adipose tissue produces and expresses in macrophages. Its primary role is to facilitate the transportation of fatty acids across cell membranes. Numerous studies have reported associations between FABP4 and the development of metabolic disorders. However, there is limited knowledge regarding FABP4 expression in diabetes and obesity, especially about different age groups, genders, and ethnicities. This study aims to investigate the association between FABP4 levels, diabetes mellitus, and obesity within various ethnic groups. We measured plasma FABP4 concentrations in a cohort of 2083 patients from the KDEP study and gathered anthropometric data. Additionally, we collected and analyzed clinical, biochemical, and glycemic markers using multivariate regression analysis. The average FABP4 concentration was significantly higher in female participants than in males (18.8 ng/mL vs. 14.4 ng/mL, p < 0.001, respectively), and in those over 50 years old compared to those under 50 years of age (19.3 ng/mL vs. 16.2 ng/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). In this study, significant positive associations were found between the plasma level of FABP4 and obesity markers: BMI (r = 0.496, p < 0.001), hip circumference (r = 0.463, p < 0.001), and waist circumference (WC) (r = 0.436, p < 0.001). Similar observations were also seen with glycemic markers, which included HbA1c (r = 0.126, p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (r = 0.184, p < 0.001), fasting insulin (r = 0.326, p < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.333, p < 0.001). Importantly, these associations remained significant even after adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity. Furthermore, FABP4 levels were negatively associated with male gender (β: -3.85, 95% CI: -4.92, -2.77, p < 0.001), and positively associated with age (β: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.096, 0.183, p < 0.001), BMI (β: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.644, 0.836, p < 0.001), and fasting insulin (β: 0.115, 95% CI: 0.091, 0.138, p < 0.001). In this study, plasma FABP4 levels were significantly higher in diabetic and obese participants, and they were strongly influenced by age, gender, and ethnicity. These findings suggest that FABP4 may serve as a valuable prognostic and diagnostic marker for obesity and diabetes, particularly among female patients, individuals over 50 years old, and specific ethnic groups.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) vs delayed dentin sealing (DDS) on the marginal gaps of machinable monolithic zirconia (MMZ) vs pressable lithium disilicate (PLD) laminate veneers., Materials and Methods: A total of 40 maxillary lateral incisors were used and received butt-joint laminate veneer preparation. The samples were divided into two groups (n = 20 each) according to ceramic material: PLD ceramic was used in the first group, and MMZ was used in the second. Each group was then divided into two subgroups according to the bonding protocol: IDS was employed in one, and DDS in the other (n = 10 each). The marginal gap widths were measured using digital microscopy and statistically analyzed., Results: The smallest marginal gaps were observed in MMZ-DDS (57.2 ± 8.4 μm), followed by PLD-DDS (62.4 ± 2.7 μm) and MMZ-IDS (63.5 ± 1.9 μm). The largest marginal gaps were observed in PLD-IDS (81.5 ± 6.3 μm). Two-way ANOVA revealed that the bonding technique (P < .001) and ceramic material (P < .001) both showed significant differences., Conclusions: MMZ produced beIer marginal accuracy than PLD. IDS seems to have a predisposition to significantly wider marginal gaps than DDS, but these gaps are within the clinically acceptable range. The marginal accuracy of ceramic veneers appears to be related to the bonding technique as well as the material of construction.

Aim: This study was designed to synthesize a novel series of terpyridines with potential antibacterial properties, targeting multidrug resistance. Materials & methods: Terpyridines ( 4a-h and 6a-c ) were synthesized via a one-pot multicomponent reaction using 2,6-diacetylpyridines, benzaldehyde derivatives and malononitrile or ethyl 2-cyanoacetate. The reactions, conducted under grinding conditions with glacial acetic acid, produced high-yield compounds, confirmed by spectroscopic data. Results: The synthesized terpyridines exhibited potent antibacterial activity. Notably, compounds 4d and 4h demonstrated significant inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis , outperforming ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Molecular docking studies highlighted compounds 4d , 4h  and 6c as having strong binding affinity to DNA gyrase B, correlating with their robust antibacterial activity, suggesting their potential as effective agents against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.

Nutrition plays a critical and crucial role in addressing neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and their complications, as they often contribute to malnutrition, which can worsen the impact of these conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the nutritional status of mycetoma patients, which has not been explored previously. This descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at the Mycetoma Research Center (MRC), University of Khartoum, Sudan. The study included 179 confirmed mycetoma patients and an equal number of age- and sex-matched normal controls. The nutritional status of the mycetoma patients was assessed and compared with that of the control group. The majority of the patients were young adults with varying educational levels, predominantly from Central Sudan. The foot was the most commonly affected part; most patients had lesions more than 10 cm in diameter. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated for both study groups, revealing that 43.5% of the patients and 53.6% of controls had a normal BMI. Furthermore, 36% of patients were underweight, contrasting with only 11% in the control group. Correlation analyses indicated no significant associations between BMI and age groups, educational levels, daily meals, food quantity, and appetite in the study population (p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in BMI concerning disease duration and affected sites (p = 0.0577). The Kruskal-Wallis test did not reveal significant differences in BMI means among the groups. The study revealed that most participants consumed three meals daily, and the control group showed a more robust appetite and consumed more food than the patient group (p = 0.005). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in the consumption of different food types between the patient and control groups and among different BMI categories (p = 0.025 and 0.040, respectively)., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Gabani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Cadmium (Cd), being a highly toxic heavy metal, significantly impacts plant growth and development by altering nutrient uptake and causing oxidative and structural damage, resulting in reduced yield. To combat Cd toxicity and accumulation in wheat, it was hypothesized that co-application of Selenium (Se) and Silicon (Si) can reduce the adverse effect of Cd and regulate Cd resistance while improving Se fortification in wheat. Therefore, this study evaluated the comparative effect of Se and Si on the growth and antioxidant defense systems of wheat plants grown in a hydroponic setup. Briefly, the plants were acclimatized to the hydroponic solution for 1 week and then exposed to 10 µmol Cd. Afterwards, the treatments, including 0.2 mmol Si and 1.5 µmol Se, were applied as a root and foliar application, respectively. Plants supplemented with both Se and Si showed improved biomass and other physiological growth attributes, and this response was associated with improved activity/contents of antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT), with related lowering of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde content, and structural damages. Moreover, by Se + Si supplementation, a decrease in total S levels in plant tissues was observed, whereas an increase in total protein concentration and GSH indicated a different and novel mechanism of Cd tolerance and S homeostasis in the plant. It was observed that Si was more involved in significantly reducing Cd translocation by stabilizing Cd in the root and reducing its content in the soluble fraction in both the root and shoot. Whereas Se was found to play the main role in reducing the oxidative damage caused by Cd, and the effect was more profound in the shoot. In addition, this study also observed a positive correlation between Si and Se for relative uptake, which had not been reported earlier. Our findings show that the Se and Si doses together benefit growth regulation and nutrient uptake; additionally, their combinations support the Cd resistance mechanism in wheat through upregulation of the antioxidant system and control of Cd translocation and subcellular distribution, ultimately contributing to the nutritional quality of wheat produced. Thus, it is concluded that the co-application of Se and Si has improved the nutritional quality while reducing the Cd risk in wheat and therefore needs to be employed as a potential strategy to ensure food safety in a Cd-contaminated environment.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of primary urethral realignment in the prevention of urethral stenosis and in simplifying delayed urethroplasty after complete pelvic fracture urethral injury in male children., Methods: This randomized comparative trial included 40 boys <18 years with complete pelvic fracture urethral injury. The initial management was a primary urethral realignment in 20 boys and suprapubic cystostomy alone in the remaining 20 boys. The boys who underwent primary urethral realignment were assessed regarding the development of urethral stenosis. Boys who needed to be delayed urethroplasty in the two groups were compared regarding urethral defect length, intraoperative details, postoperative outcomes, number of procedures, and time to achieve normal voiding., Results: Although 14 (70%) patients were able to void after primary urethral realignment, all of them developed urethral stenosis and needed delayed urethroplasty. No statistically significant difference between the two groups was found regarding urethral defect length, intraoperative details, and postoperative outcomes. Patients in the primary urethral realignment group underwent significantly more procedures (p < 0.001) and took a significantly longer time to achieve normal voiding (p = 0.002)., Conclusion: Primary urethral realignment is neither able to prevent urethral stenosis nor effective in simplifying later urethroplasty after complete pelvic fracture urethral injury in male children. It exposes the patients to more surgical procedures and a prolonged clinical course., (© 2023 The Japanese Urological Association.)

We present a case of extradural hematoma resulting from a relatively minor closed injury over the vertex where a plasma cell tumour had invaded the superior sagittal sinus. The patient underwent an emergency craniotomy and evacuation of the hematoma. Hemostasis and prevention of recollection of the hematoma were hampered by the erosion of the sagittal sinus making its direct repair impossible. This was achieved by hitching up the dura lateral to the sinus to become its lateral wall reinforced by hemostatic agents. The patient made a full recovery. Malignant tumours invading the dural venous sinuses and eroding the skull can cause life-threatening intracranial bleeding after relatively minor trauma.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on global health, primarily characterized by severe respiratory illness. However, emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 can also lead to secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SC), referred to as post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy., Aim: To synthesize currently reported cases to assess the current state of knowledge on post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy., Methods: Medical Subject Headings and Health Sciences Descriptors were used to retrieve relevant studies, which were combined using Boolean operators. Searches were conducted on electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and MEDLINE (PubMed). Studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were included, with no restrictions on the publication date. Additionally, the reference lists of retrieved studies were manually searched. Simple descriptive analyses were used to summarize the results. Then the data were extracted and assessed based on Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/)., Results: The initial search yielded a total of 192 articles. After screening, 85 articles were excluded due to duplication, leaving 107 articles for further review. Of these, 63 full-length articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses. Most of the patients were male and exhibited elevated liver function tests (93.8%). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed duct thickening with contrast enhancement (47.7%), as well as beading of the intrahepatic ducts (45.7%) with peribiliary contrast enhancement on diffusion (28.7%). Liver biopsy results confirmed SC in most cases (74.4%). Sixteen patients underwent liver transplantation, with three experiencing successful outcomes., Conclusion: Post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy is a serious condition that is expected to become increasingly concerning in the coming years, particularly considering long COVID syndromes. Although liver transplantation has been proposed as a potential treatment option, more research is necessary to establish its efficacy and explore other potential treatments., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aside from its importance in human and animal health, low levels of foliar-applied selenate (SeO 4 ) can be advantageous in the presence of sulfur (S), contributing to improved growth, nutrient uptake, and crop quality. A hydroponic experiment in a growth chamber explored the interactive influence of Se and S on micronutrients and several quality indices, such as soluble sugars, organic acids, and total protein concentrations in spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.). Three levels of S (deprivation, adequate, and excessive) with varying quantities of Se (deficient, moderate, and higher) were examined in combination. Under S starvation and along with S nourishment in plant parts, Se treatments were found to cause noticeable variations in plant biomass and the concentrations of the examined elements and other quality parameters. Both Se levels promoted S accumulation in S-treated plants. Although the Se treatment had the opposite effect in shoots, it had a favorable impact on minerals (apart from Mn) in roots grown under S-limiting conditions. The S and Se relationship highlighted beneficial and/or synergistic effects for Mn and Fe in edible spinach portions. Reducing sugars were synergistically boosted by adequate S and moderate Se levels in roots, while in shoots, they were accumulated under moderate-or-higher Se and excessive S. Furthermore, the concentration of the quantified organic acids under S-deficient conditions was aided by various Se levels. In roots, moderate Se under high S application enhanced both malic acid and citric acid, while in the edible parts, higher Se under both adequate and elevated S levels were found to be advantageous in malic acid accumulation. Moreover, by elevating S levels in plant tissues, total protein concentration increased, whereas both moderate and high Se levels (Se1 and Se2) did not alter total protein accumulation in high S-applied roots and shoots. Our findings show that the high S and medium Se dose together benefit nutrient uptake; additionally, their combinations support soluble sugars and organic acids accumulation, contributing ultimately to the nutritional quality of spinach plants. Moreover, consuming 100 g of fresh red spinach shoot enriched with different Se and S levels can contribute to humans' daily micronutrients intake.

The current work was conducted to synthesize several novel anti-inflammatory quinazolines having sulfamerazine moieties as new 3CLpro, cPLA2, and sPLA2 inhibitors. The thioureido derivative 3 was formed when compound 2 was treated with sulfamerazine. Also, compound 3 was reacted with NH 2 -NH 2 in ethanol to produce the N-aminoquinazoline derivative. Additionally, derivative 4 was reacted with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, ethyl chloroacetate, and/or diethyl oxalate to produce quinazoline derivatives 5 , 6 , and 12 , respectively. The results of the pharmacological study indicated that the synthesized 4 - 6 and 12 derivatives showed good 3CLpro, cPLA2, and sPLA2 inhibitory activity. The IC 50 values of the target compounds 4 - 6 , and 12 against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease were 2.012, 3.68, 1.18, and 5.47 µM, respectively, whereas those of baicalein and ivermectin were 1.72 and 42.39 µM, respectively. The IC 50 values of the target compounds 4 - 6 , and 12 against sPLA2 were 2.84, 2.73, 1.016, and 4.45 µM, respectively, whereas those of baicalein and ivermectin were 0.89 and 109.6 µM, respectively. The IC 50 values of the target compounds 4 - 6 , and 12 against cPLA2 were 1.44, 2.08, 0.5, and 2.39 µM, respectively, whereas those of baicalein and ivermectin were 3.88 and 138.0 µM, respectively. Also, incubation of lung cells with LPS plus derivatives 4 - 6 , and 12 caused a significant decrease in levels of sPLA2, cPLA2, IL-8, TNF-α, and NO. The inhibitory activity of the synthesized compounds was more pronounced compared to baicalein and ivermectin. In contrast to ivermectin and baicalein, bioinformatics investigations were carried out to establish the possible binding interactions between the newly synthesized compounds 2 - 6 and 12 and the active site of 3CLpro. Docking simulations were utilized to identify the binding affinity and binding mode of compounds 2 - 6 and 12 with the active sites of 3CLpro, sPLA2, and cPLA2 enzymes. Our findings demonstrated that all compounds had outstanding binding affinities, especially with the key amino acids of the target enzymes. These findings imply that compound 6 is a potential lead for the development of more effective SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors and anti-COVID-19 quinazoline derivative-based drugs. Compound 6 was shown to have more antiviral activity than baicalein and against 3CLpro. Furthermore, the IC 50 value of ivermectin against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease was revealed to be 42.39 µM, indicating that it has low effectiveness.

Background: The Baska mask is a supraglottic airway device used during general anaesthesia that combines features from various other devices. This systematic review aims to compare its efficacy and safety with other laryngeal mask airways., Methods: Randomised controlled trials were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. RevMan software was used for meta-analysis, with mean difference and risk ratios calculated for continuous and dichotomous data, respectively, along with a 95% confidence interval., Results: The meta-analysis found that the Baska mask provides a better oropharyngeal seal pressure (mean difference = 7.03; 95% confidence interval = [6.00, 8.07], p < 0.00001) and a higher rate of maximal seal pressure (risk ratio = 18.38; 95% confidence interval = [2.53, 133.47], p = 0.004) compared to other laryngeal mask airways. However, the Baska mask had lower success rates in first-attempt insertion (risk ratio = 0.79; 95% confidence interval = [0.72, 0.86], p < 0.00001) and higher rates of insertion manipulation (risk ratio = 16.64; 95% confidence interval = [5.86, 47.24], p < 0.00001)., Conclusion: The Baska mask offers better oropharyngeal seal pressure, but may be more difficult to insert than other laryngeal mask airways, without causing significant delays. The Baska mask appears as safe as other laryngeal mask airways, but larger trials are needed to support these findings.