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The e-wallet feature allows consumers to make payment by transferring digital money into their virtual wallets for in-application online payments or through Quick Response (QR) codes for physical purchases. This study examines the average usage, transaction size and factors influencing the intention to adopt e-wallet among consumers during the Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 153 responses were collected and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine descriptive statistics and conduct multiple regression analysis to verify that performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and perceived security influence the intention to use e-wallets during the Covid-19 pandemic among consumers. Performance expectancy is the strongest factor while effort expectancy is the only factor that has no influence on the intention to use e-wallets during the Covid-19 pandemic. Additionally, this study reveals that due to the current situation, consumers are pushed to adopt e-wallets despite their security concerns, and they are willing to learn to use the platforms without considering the possibilities and risks. However, the usage of e-wallets as a medium of transaction is still low due to the lack of awareness and knowledge. The outcomes of this study to provided practical contributions for policymakers and service providers on the current acceptance of e-wallets in Malaysia and to help the e-wallet industry develop more reasonable business strategies

Additive manufacturing in the field of tissue engineering has evolved rapidly over the past few decades. 3D bioprinting is an extended application of additive manufacturing that involves the building of tissue or organ in a layer-by-layer manner using a bioprinter via instructions from computer graphic software. 3D bioprinting technology offers promise in the transformation of healthcare sectors. Consequently, disputes regarding commercial use of 3D bioprinting, in particular on intellectual property rights will arise. Patent ownership and registration of bioprinting products and processes pose issues of ethics. The copyrighted works of 3D bioprinting software pose risks of copyright infringement. Besides, there is also a question of whether the marks and brand of 3D bioprinters can be protected as trademarks. The main objective of this study is to analyse how existing intellectual property laws in Malaysia can be utilized to protect 3D bioprinting technology intellectual property rights. The qualitative method is employed in this study, in particular, content analysis of journal articles, books, international conventions, directives, statutes and court cases. Semi-structured interviews with two respondents from relevant ministries were conducted to achieve the objectives of this study. Additionally, a comparative study of legal frameworks in the United States and Europe is adopted to examine intellectual property rights on the international stage. The study revealed that 3D bioprinting products and processes are patentable under the Patents Act 1983; however, ethical and morality issues are challenges in granting protection. Apart from that, copyright can protect computeraided bioprinting design software and programs under the Copyright Act 1987 and the marks and brand of 3D bioprinting products can be protected under the Trademark Act 2019. The findings of this study will expose the potential in commercialization of 3D bioprinting among industry players and propos

Flexible work arrangements are common during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of the movement restriction and the closure of the economic sector. Among the flexibility practices is the implementation of remote working, in particular, working from home (WFH) where employees are physically working outside and remote from their organisations. The mandated WFH has changed the working scenario without confirming whether employers and employees are prepared for this new norm. However, the WFH arrangement requires legal consideration as its arrangement needed a legal predicament. The concern over WFH must be addressed on the grounds of managerial rights and boundaries besides determining the rights of employees while working remotely. From the legal viewpoint, there is a question of whether the existing labour law in Malaysia is accommodating to the WFH practice. Hence, this paper aims to examine the employment-related matters concerning WFH practice in Malaysia on employment terms like wages and leaves, matters on safety and health, social security, and confidentiality and security of information. This study applied a doctrinal approach using authoritative legal texts in solving the legal problems that arise from WFH. The analysis of legal provisions and case studies were employed to present the benefits of the employment relationship and industrial relations in the changing employment landscape and work culture linked to WFH.

The notion of social justice in Islam requires fairness in allocating and distributing goods to all members and groups in society. In the context of employment, an employer is required to treat all workers equally and pay their dues suitable with their skills and capabilities. A trade union is an important component under the tripartite system of industrial relations that is imperative in representing workers to demand or improve their working conditions. Although there is legal recognition accorded to trade unions in Malaysia, various state-imposed restrictions have curtailed trade union actions in representing workers for better and equal treatment at the workplace. This paper examined whether the current trade union legal framework in Malaysia is in concord with the Islamic principles of social justice. The objectives of this research are two-fold: first, to examine the principles of social justice in Islam and second, to integrate Islamic principles of social justice into the Malaysian trade union legal framework. In order to fulfil the objectives of this study, it employed the literature research method and referred to Islamic texts (the Quran and hadith). The study has revealed that the restrictive legal system of trade unions in Malaysia contradicts the concept of social justice as embodied in Islamic principles. Therefore, there should be amendments to the legal framework of trade unions in Malaysia to guarantee the exercise of full rights of trade unions in the state and ensure consistency with shariah.

In Malaysia, the Federal Constitution protects the workers enjoyment as to freedom of association, in particular, the right to form and join the trade union. However, due to security purposes, various restrictions have been imposed on trade union activities. The recognition process is currently showing a decline in the number of recognitions awards due to the government's policy. This paper examines the legal issues and challenges confronting the trade union in the recognition process in Malaysia. This study adopted the qualitative approach to analyse the statutory procedures and cases relating to the issue. Interviews were conducted with the Department of Industrial Relations, Malaysia and the Department of Trade Union Affairs, Malaysia to obtain their opinion on the recognition process. It is suggested that the Malaysian government should abolish the employer's recognition; provide a statutory definition on the managerial, executive, confidential and security positions; establish an independent administrative trade union board and ratify the Convention Concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention No. 87.