Search

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) are bacterial causes of respiratory diseases in chickens. The objective of this work was to investigate the possible interaction between ORT and MG in respiratory problem of broiler chickens. The experimental study confirmed that ORT infection alone could induced respiratory signs as (rales, nasal discharge), post mortem lesions (unilateral and bilateral pneumonia) and histopathological changes in tracheas, lungs and air sacs. Moreover, co-infection of ORT with MG induced severe respiratory signs like pneumonia, edema and severe inflammatory cell infilteration in lungs and air sacs than that observed in chickens infected with ORT or MG alone. ORT and MG were successfully re-isolated by PCR from tracheal swabs at 3, 7 and 14 days post infection. The results showed the synergistic effect of mixed infection of ORT and MG in broiler chickens regarding clinical signs, PM lesions, mortality rate, body weight, reisolation and histopathological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallibacterium anatis and Mycoplasma gallisepticum are bacterial pathogens affecting the respiratory tract of broiler chickens. Tracking the mixed experimental infection effect with G. anatis and M. gallisepticum in broiler chickens regarding clinical signs, performance, PM and histopathological lesions was the aim of this work. Birds inoculated with G. anatis (G2) or M. gallisepticum (G4) alone showed less severe clinical signs and gross pathological lesions in the respiratory tract. While, co-infection with G. anatis and M. gallisepticum (G3) exaggerated the clinical signs like rales, sneezing, nasal discharge, coughing, lacrimation and open mouth breathing and also gross and microscopical lesions which appeared as severe conjunctivitis with hemorrhagic congestive tracheitis, pneumonia and hyperplasia of the epithelium lining of trachea as compared to other groups which were infected with single pathogen or control negative group (G1). In conclusion, G. anatis produce less severe clinical signs and lesions regarding respiratory system than coinfection with M. gallisepticum which may be a most important factor enhancing the pathogenicity of G. anatis under field conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protection of the commercially available vaccines was evaluated against two Egyptian variant IBV isolates that was found to be related to IS/885 variant II strain by 86% and 84% respectively in commercial broiler chickens. The protection assessment was detected by clinical signs, gross lesions, detection of viral shedding in tracheal and cloacal swabs, estimation of kidney function tests (Creatinine and Uric acid), detection of specific IBV antibody titer and histopathological examination. No significant protection could be provided against both challenging viruses using the classical live H120, Ma5 vaccines at day 1 and 14 of age respectively. Also no significant protection could be provided using 2 different inactivated vaccines at day 5 of age. The results indicated that the used vaccine strains and the challenging IBV field isolates are not the same protecteotype, therefore, change in the program of field vaccination is required to obtain a relative improvement of protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian nephritis virus is a new circulating virus in Europe, Australia, and Japan, this virus lead to growth retardation of young chickens by causing interstitial nephritis. Investigation was done in 5 Egyptian governorates (North Sinai, El-Minoufiya, El- Gharbia and El-Behera and Kafr-Elsheikh) on 28 broiler chicken flocks and all the flocks were negative for Avian nephritis virus. In addition, we continued the detection of IBV in the same 28 broiler chicken flocks, resulting that 11 flocks out of 28 flocks, were positive for IBV. Regarding spike glycoprotein (S1) gene, sequencing was done to 5 isolates, which showed that they belonged to Eg/12120s/2012 spike glycoprotein (SP1) gene variant 2. Protectotyping was done using 2 isolates, and 3 types of IB live attenuated vaccines (H120, Ma5, IB primer). In conclusion, this study recorded the extensive circulation of variant 2 IBV in Egyptian broiler chickens. Regarding the pathogenicity of the tested variant and cross protection with available live IB vaccines, it was clear that there no complete cross protection against IBV isolates although of using live attenuated IB vaccines so there a need for further studies to define a more effective program for IB control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of G. anatis infection in commercial broiler and layer chickens in El-behira and Alexandria governorates, Egypt. A total of 64 chicken flocks (53 broiler, 6 layer and 5 breeder flocks) suffering from rales, sneezing and decreased egg production (in layer and breeder flocks) were examined by collecting swabs from trachea, oviduct and ovarian tissues. The molecular identification for the suspected samples, using PCR primers targeted the 16S rRNA (1133fgal) and 23S rRNA (114r) genes revealed 23.43% (15/64) positive isolates of G. anatis. The invitro antibiotic sensitivity testing was done and revealed that almost all isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime, norfloxacin, doxycycline and florfenicol. According to the clinical signs, PM lesions and histopathological lesions in commercial broiler chickens infected experimentally there was a significant differences in the pathogenicity in commercial broiler chickens among the 10 isolates used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study that evaluates the impact of concentration, time of exposure, surface porosity, and organic matter on the ability of four commercial chemical disinfectants to inactivate two H5N1 avian influenza viruses (A/H5N1) in 2006 and 2010 from broiler flocks in Egypt. It uses suspension and carrier tests to examine the virus. It emphasizes the need to use high concentrations of and/or extended time of exposure to disinfectants for efficient inactivation of the virus.

Simple Summary: After banning the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry production, scientists had to find efficient and safe alternatives. Because of their useful properties, two types of probiotic bacteria were chosen to be administrated in a broiler diet, either individually or combined. Useful effects were obtained regarding improvements of growth performance, and immunity. A total of 120 1-day-old commercial Cobb chicks were used to study the effects of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) on growth performance, intestinal health, and immune status in broilers. The experimental groups were as follows: G1; basal diet (BD), G2; basal diet (BD) plus C. butyricum preparation at 0.5 g/kg diet, G3; BD plus S. cerevisiae preparation at 0.5 g/kg diet, G4; BD plus 0.25 g/kg C. butyricum preparation plus 0.25 g/kg S. cerevisiae. Results showed that the total body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the G4 group than in the other groups. The mortality percentage was reduced in the probiotic-supplemented groups. The villi height was elongated, and the villus height/crypt depth ratio was significantly increased in G2 and G4 chicks, compared to those in the control. The crypt depth was significantly decreased in all the probiotic-supplemented groups. Hemagglutination inhibition titers for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were markedly increased in G2 and G4 chicks at 35 days of age, compared to those in G3 and control chicks. These results showed that dietary supplementation of a combined mixture of C. butyricum and S. cerevisiae in an equal ratio (G4) was more effective in improving growth performance, immune status, and gut health of broilers, compared with individual supplementation at a full dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 120 1-day-old commercial Cobb chicks were used to study the effects of Clostridium butyricum ( C. butyricum ) and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( S. cerevisiae ) on growth performance, intestinal health, and immune status in broilers. The experimental groups were as follows: G1; basal diet (BD), G2; basal diet (BD) plus C. butyricum preparation at 0.5 g/kg diet, G3; BD plus S. cerevisiae preparation at 0.5 g/kg diet, G4; BD plus 0.25 g/kg C. butyricum preparation plus 0.25 g/kg S. cerevisiae . Results showed that the total body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the G4 group than in the other groups. The mortality percentage was reduced in the probiotic-supplemented groups. The villi height was elongated, and the villus height/crypt depth ratio was significantly increased in G2 and G4 chicks, compared to those in the control. The crypt depth was significantly decreased in all the probiotic-supplemented groups. Hemagglutination inhibition titers for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were markedly increased in G2 and G4 chicks at 35 days of age, compared to those in G3 and control chicks. These results showed that dietary supplementation of a combined mixture of C. butyricum and S. cerevisiae in an equal ratio (G4) was more effective in improving growth performance, immune status, and gut health of broilers, compared with individual supplementation at a full dose.