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The study was during which the seeds of triple hybrids were produced by deriving individual hybrids by introducing 6 strains into the half-diallel crossbreeding program, resulting 15 genotypes. In the second season the hybrid seeds were planted Individuals with two strains for the purpose of developing triple hybrids. During the third season, all 48 genotypes were planted according to the randomized complete block design with three replications, service operations were conducted for the crop from irrigation, fertilization, weeding and control whenever needed. The result showed that the triple hybrid )1×3(b was significantly superior to all genotypes for the plant height reached 140.66 cm, and for the number of leaves per plant, the triple hybrid )1×2(b had the highest number of leaves over all the genotypes, which scored 137.9 leaf-1 . For the number of fruits and plant yield, the triple hybrid )5×6(a showed significant superiority over all the genotypes within the experiment by recording 43.20 fruits of the plant-1 and 7.921 kg of the plant-1, respectively and the superiority of the triple hybrids )2×6(b and )4×5(a significantly over the rest of the compounds with the highest percentage of carbohydrates amounting to 10.363% and 10.325%, respectively, while the hybrids )5×6(a, )2×3(a, )1×3(a and )4×5(a recorded the highest Significant values of sugars were 16.993%, 16.880%, 16.833% and 16.813%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In areas where the supply of water for irrigation is limited, tomato production is often subject to drought stress. This study was conducted at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq in 2021 wherein 22 genotypes ('S.G', 'San II', 'M.O', 'Red Pear', 'F.R', 'Marb', 15 F1 hybrids were obtained from 6×6 half diallel cross and 'Bobcat' control hybrid) were cultivated under full irrigation [covering 100% of crop evapotranspiration demands (ETc)] and water deficit (50% of ETc) conditions. The results showed that cv. 1×6 produced the longest plants (119.01 cm) and the least time to flowering (10.23 days). Most branches (31.98) were produced by cv. 5×6. Both cvs. 1×6 and 5×6 produced the most leaf area (1 991 and 1 977 cm² respectively) and most yield per plant (6.75 and 6.84 kg respectively). The 100% ETc irrigation treatment produced the longest plants (91.21 cm), the greatest number of branches (28.12), the most leaf area (1 673 cm² ), and the highest plant yield (4.61 kg). The 50% ETc irrigation treatment produced the least time to flowering (13.7 days). Irrigation level lowering to 50% ETc achieved good results for the water use efficiency (WUE) use with predicted R² = 1.00. Therefore, the results of this study recommend using the interaction of (both cvs. 1×6 and 5×6 irrigated with the 50% ETc treatment) to save water on irrigation and produce a high yield of tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need to expand the information on genetic relationships between tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lines to improve hybridization breeding. The genetic diversity and relationships among 24 tomato lines were evaluated by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 65 bands were generated with 15 SSR primers, of which 64 bands were polymorphic. The mean polymorphic information content was 0.356. There was a high degree of polymorphism between tomato cultivars. The mean marker index and heterozygosity were 0.045 and 0.454, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped cultivars into 6 main clusters. The cvs. Mo. H. P, 'C. C. Orange', and 'Marb' had the greatest genetic distance from other cultivars and is suitable for hybridization to achieve maximum variability for selection in segregating populations. The data can be used to select appropriate parents in tomato hybridization breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During drought chemical elements in a dry fertilizer go into solution in the soil with difficulty and the nutrients are less available to the plant. Foliar fertilization with Tecamin flower®, could compensate for nutrient deficiency due to water deficit. This study was designed to observe the effects of different application rates of foliar application of Tecamin flower® on growth, yield and field water use efficiency (CWUE) of tomato under water deficit. The field experiment was conducted from March till July 2016 at the teaching and research farm of Diyala University, Iraq. Performance of tomato genotype 'Bobcat', 'Finenss' and 'Hadeer' was assessed by foliar application of Tecamin flower® at (0 and 2.5 mL L-1) and two irrigation levels (50 and 100% based on field capacity). The results showed that chlorophyll content, fruit weight, yield per plant, total yield and CWUE were significantly affected by genotype and irrigations levels and application of Tecamin flower®. 'Bobcat' genotype has the highest value of plant yield (3.39 kg) and total yield (90.19 t ha-1). 'Finenss' has the highest values for number fruit per plant (40.75), CWUE (75.37 kg m-3) and the minimum leaf proline content (2.584 mg g-1). Plant irrigated at 100% had the highest value of number fruit (35.27 fruit), most yield per plant (3.53 kg), total yield (94.02 t ha-1) and minimum leaf proline content (2.557 mg g-1). The highest CWUE (84.50 kg m-3) were at 50% level. Plant treated at 2.5 mL L-1 Tecamin flower® had most fruit/plant (37.61) yield per plant (3.73 kg), total yield (99.16 t ha-1), CWUE (85.22 kg m-3) and minimum leaf proline content (2.437 mg g-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]