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The objective of this study is to assess women's vulnerability to becoming involved with the legal system as it relates to their exposure, sensitivity, and resiliency to specific experiences associated with incarceration before, during, and after their confinement using the vulnerability framework. We sampled 12 women who self-identified as Latina mothers from local jail annexes, probation department offices, and substance use treatment centers in South Central Texas. We conducted a qualitative, secondary analysis. Three overarching themes emerged: (1) "[The abuse] just kept happening;" (2) "[Incarceration] was an excessive interference;" and (3) "I wasn't there back then [for my children], but now I can be [there for them] in some way." We also identified subthemes. More research and culturally tailored programming are needed to bridge services across legal system sites (jails, prisons, probation) that interact with this population of women to provide supportive services. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: We would like to recognize community stakeholders who work in the local jail, probation, and medication treatment centers who helped with the distribution of fliers and participant recruitment along with the women who shared their experiences following incarceration for the original study's data used in this secondary analysis., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Actionable strategies nurses can implement at the bedside., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aim: This integrative review seeks to provide effective teaching and learning strategies for teaching about racism and advancing health equity., Background: Most faculty preparation remains devoid of an exploration of racism and the skills to critique how historical events and socialization create and reinforce the biases that influence how we teach and provide care. It is difficult to teach what we do not know., Method: Using Whittmore and Knafl's approach, we conducted an integrative review of multidisciplinary literature from 2009 to 2021 to uncover best practices for teaching about racism. Seven databases yielded 55 relevant articles from 18 disciplines., Results: Four themes emerged illuminating effective strategies for teaching and learning about systemic racism: encounter education, reflection, discussion, and activism., Conclusion: Findings of this review align with Mezirow's transformative learning theory and highlight the importance of not just "doing" antiracist activities in a course but "becoming" an antiracist educator., Competing Interests: The authors have declared no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 National League for Nursing.)

Background: Research indicates that the implicit biases and racist attitudes of healthcare workers are fundamental contributing factors to race-based health inequities. However, few studies and reviews appear to have examined the provision and effects of anti-racist education and training on post-licensure healthcare workers. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to explore what research methods are being used to ascertain the training healthcare workers are receiving post-licensure and to identify the goals and outcomes of this training., Methods: Using PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases, peer-reviewed articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified and reviewed by the authors from March through October of 2020 in alignment with the renewed national focus on anti-racism and racial justice. Studies or initiatives involving students were excluded as were commentaries on studies and studies not specific to racism or anti-racism., Results: Eleven articles were identified as meeting stipulated inclusion criteria. Few were outcome studies (n = 3), and many articles did not clearly delineate training methods, content, or outcomes assessed. Identified methods included group discussion, case studies, and online modules. Reported outcomes included increased self-awareness of implicit biases and racism. Only two studies focused specifically on nurses, with the majority of studies centering on physicians (n = 5)., Conclusions: A considerable knowledge gap exists regarding effective methods, tools, and outcomes to use for undoing racism and mitigating bias in healthcare professionals. Nothing less than a seismic paradigm shift is called for, one in which an anti-racist perspective informs all healthcare education, research, and practice., (© 2021. W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute.)

Problem: There is lack of data on the rate of episiotomy in Lebanon and the study's hospital., Background: Only a few studies have addressed episiotomy practice in Lebanon and the Middle East and they show varying rates., Aim: To identify the rate, and change in rate, of episiotomy practice over the years at a teaching hospital in Lebanon and to assess whether maternal age, parity, fetal weight, woman's hospital admission class, and physician's gender were associated with episiotomy. We also tested the association between episiotomy and postpartum hemorrhage and/or high degree perineal tears., Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 1756 records for women having a normal vaginal birth at a single centre from January 2009 to January 2014., Findings: The rate of episiotomy at the hospital was very high, with 97.4% of women receiving an episiotomy in 2009. A major decrease in the rate was identified with a decline from 97.4% in 2009 to 73.3% in January 2014. Episiotomy was found to be associated with parity, maternal age, and with high degree perineal tears., Discussion: The episiotomy rate at this centre remains higher than the 10% rate recommended by the World Health Organization, although there has been a significant reduction after a call for restrictive rather than liberal use., Conclusion: Raising awareness among providers appeared to play a significant role in reducing this rate, although more efforts remain warranted. Other strategies - such as raising awareness of women about potential risks of episiotomy - are also worth exploring., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Preparation for birthing has focused primarily on Caucasian women. No studies have explored African American women's birth preparation. From the perceptions of 12 African American maternity health-care providers, this study elicited perceptions of the ways in which pregnant African American women prepare for childbirth. Focus group participants answered seven semistructured questions. Four themes emerged: connecting with nurturers, traversing an unresponsive system, the need to be strong, and childbirth classes not a priority. Recommendations for nurses and childbirth educators include: (a) self-awareness of attitudes toward African Americans, (b) empowering of clients for birthing, (c) recognition of the role that pregnant women's mothers play, (d) tailoring of childbirth classes for African American women, and (e) research on how racism influences pregnant African American women's preparation for birthing.