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We report multiepoch astrometric very long baseline interferometry observations of the chromospherically active binary HR 1099 (V711 Tau, HD 22468) at six epochs over 63 days using the Very Long Baseline Array at 22.2 GHz. We determined hourly radio positions at each epoch with a positional uncertainty significantly smaller than the component separation. The aggregate radio positions at all epochs define an ellipse in the comoving reference frame with an inclination $i=39\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} {5}_{-3\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} 5}^{+3\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} 6}$ and longitude of ascending node Ω = 212° ± 22°. The ellipse center is offset from the Third Gaia Celestial Reference Frame position by Δ α = $-{0.81}_{-0.37}^{+0.25}$ , Δ δ = ${0.45}_{-0.25}^{+0.23}$ mas. All radio centroids are well displaced from the binary center of mass at all epochs, ruling out emission from the interbinary region. We examined the motion of the radio centroids within each epoch by comparing hourly positions over several hours. The measured speeds were not statistically significant for five of the six epochs, with 2 σ upper limits in the range 200–1000 km s ^−1 . However, for one flaring epoch, there was a 3 σ detection v _⊥ = 228 ± 85 km s ^−1 . This speed is comparable to the mean speed of observed coronal mass ejections on the Sun.

This study investigated the predictive power of working memory and task type for syntactic complexity in EFL adult learners’ academic writing. One hundred forty-eight Chinese adult students were recruited as participants. Their working memory was assessed with an operation span task, a set of digit span tasks, and a symmetry span task. The syntactic complexity of their written products from two different TOEFL iBT writing tasks, an integrated writing task and an independent writing task, was measured using a natural language processing tool. Results showed a significant positive association between operation span and coordination in the students’ written products. In addition, a significant difference was found between the integrated task and the independent task with respect to phrasal complexity, with the integrated task eliciting more complex nominals per clause than the independent task. No significant effects were identified for other components of working memory or other measures of syntactic complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the association between age and analgesia for emergency department (ED) patients with abdominal or back pain.Methods: Using a fully electronic medical record, we performed a retrospective cohort study of adults presenting with abdominal or back pain to two urban EDs. To assess differences in analgesia administration and time to analgesia between age groups, we used chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test respectively. To adjust for potential confounders, we used a generalized linear model with log link and Gaussian error.Results: Of 24,752 subjects (mean age 42 years, 65% female, 69% black, mean triage pain score 7.5), the majority (76%) had abdominal pain and 61% received analgesia. The ≥80 years group (n=722; 3%), compared to the 65-79 years group (n=2,080; 8%) and to the (n=21,950; 89%), was more often female (71 vs. 61 vs. 65%), black (72 vs. 65 vs. 69%), and had a lower mean pain score (6.6 vs. 7.1 vs. 7.6). Both older groups were less likely to receive any analgesia (48 vs. 59 vs. 62%, p

This study investigates whether practice with computer-administered feedback in the absence of meaning-focused interaction can help second language learners notice the corrective intent of recasts and develop linguistic accuracy. A group of 218 beginning Anglophone learners of Spanish received 1 of 4 types of automated feedback (no feedback, utterance rejection, recasts, or enhanced recasts) in the written mode or the oral mode, in response to noun--adjective gender or number agreement errors. For both modalities, written and oral post-tests conducted up to 2 months after treatment revealed that recasts yielded more target-like production and learner repair than either no feedback or utterance rejection and that utterance rejection was in turn more effective than no feedback. Two factors were found to increase the effectiveness of computer-delivered recasts: oral, but not typographical, input enhancement (orally enhanced recasts were more beneficial than orally unenhanced and typographically enhanced recasts) and working memory (higher span learners were superior to lower span learners in all recast groups). We discuss the implications of our results for the area of error treatment as an instructional focus technique and suggest avenues for future research. (Contains 4 tables, 3 figures, and 4 notes.)

Skilled writers have at their disposal a range of rhetorical strategies for positioning themselves as competent members of a particular discourse community, including the judicious use of self-referential pronouns (e.g. "I," "she," "he") to overtly signal authorial presence. However, while researchers routinely recommend that second language (L2) writers receive instruction on the use of this rhetorical strategy, empirical studies on the effect of such instruction are rare. The present study investigates the effect of explicit instruction on the ability of non-native speakers of English (NNS) (n = 77) at two different levels of proficiency to use two signals of authorial presence (first person pronouns and self-referential third person pronouns/phrases) while writing specially constructed essay types. Using a controlled/posttest design with stimulated recall data, the study found that the instructed students significantly outperformed their non-instructed counterparts on Essay 1 (immediately after treatment), Essay 2 (one week later) and a quiz (one month later). The effect of the instruction did not depend on the proficiency of the student. Implications for L2 writing instruction are discussed. (Contains 1 table and 2 figures.)

Over the past decades, there have been a number of studies investigating the vocabulary strategies used by learners of Indo-European languages, especially English. However, studies of the strategies used by learners of non-Indo-European languages are rare. This classroom-based case study investigates the vocabulary learning strategies used by nine learners of Chinese as a foreign language and tests a taxonomy, based on Long's (1996) interaction hypothesis, for classifying strategies that may facilitate our understanding of strategies and their role within second language acquisition. (Contains 1 note and 2 tables.)

Describes the experience of Centers of Excellence in Women's Health at seven U.S. medical schools in initiating and sustaining leadership programs for women faculty. Describes program formation, content, and evaluation approaches. Reviews areas of success and difficulties faced, proposes strategies to overcome difficulties, and reviews important issues facing programs for women in academic medicine. (EV)

The hybrid oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-FH) deleted for its G glycoprotein and displaying the measles virus (MV) envelope glycoproteins (hemagglutinin H and fusion F) is fusogenic, infects cells via any of the three MV receptors and has potent oncolytic activity against subcutaneous and disseminated myeloma tumors. To tailor VSV-FH as an oncolytic virus for ovarian cancer, we ablated its natural tropism and retargeted the virus by display of a single-chain antibody (scFv) with specificity to the HER-2/neu receptor. A panel of six VSVFH-αHER2 viruses displaying anti-HER2 scFv that bind to the same HER2 epitope but with different Kd (10â6 to 10â11 M, VSVFH-αHER2#6 to #11, respectively) were rescued and characterized. A Kd of at least 10â8 M is required for infection of HER-2 positive SKOV3ip.1 cells. The higher affinity viruses (>10â8 M) were able to infect and fuse SKOV3ip.1 cells more efficiently, inducing more extensive cytopathic effects. We next compared the antitumor potency of the viruses against SKOV3ip.1 tumor xenografts. In contrast to the saline-treated animals, one intratumoral injection of VSVFH-αHER2#9, #10, or #11 resulted in efficient tumor control. There was no significant difference between viruses with an affinity higher than 10â9 M in terms of oncolytic potency. VSVFH-αHER2 virus may be a promising agent for the treatment of HER-2 positive malignancies.

Unparalleled data availability in the European Alps has led to an ongoing debate about the driving mechanism behind the concurrent patterns of surface denudation and modern rock uplift. Analysis of stream channels reveals that oversteepened stream segments are primarily located in landscapes with strong glacial inheritance. This leads to a transient signal in the landscape, with the result that erosion is spatially focused by a combination of glacial conditioning and lithologic controls. We postulate that the effect of glacial forcing is a positive feedback cycle between erosion and rock uplift, driving rapid rates of both in the Alpine landscape. This mechanism may explain the observed increases in sediment flux since the late Pliocene. doi: 10.1130/G31102.1

Background. Little is known about the impact of extrinsic factors on pressure ulcer risk. The objective of this study was to determine whether risk of pressure ulcers early in the hospital stay is associated with extrinsic factors such as longer emergency department (ED) stays, night or weekend admission, potentially immobilizing procedures and medications, and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods. A nested case--control study was performed in two teaching hospitals in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Participants were medical patients age [greater than or equal to] 65 years admitted through the ED. Cases (n = 195) had [greater than or equal to] 1 possibly or definitely hospital-acquired pressure ulcers. Three controls per case were sampled randomly from among noncases at the same hospital in the same month (n = 597). Pressure ulcer status was determined by a research nurse on the third day of hospitalization. Pressure ulcers were classified as preexisting, possibly hospital-acquired, or definitely hospital-acquired. Information on extrinsic factors was obtained by chart review. Results. The odds of pressure ulcers were twice as high for those with an ICU stay as for those without (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.5). The aOR was 0.6 (95% CI, 0.3-0.9) for use of any potentially immobilizing medications during the early inpatient period. Conclusions. Many of the procedures experienced by patients m the ED and early in the inpatient stay do not confer excess pressure ulcer risk. Having an ICU stay is associated with a doubling of risk. This finding emphasizes the importance of developing and evaluating interventions to prevent pressure ulcers among patients in the ICU. Key Words: Pressure ulcers--Intensive Care Unit--Hospital patients--Risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: To assess emergency physicians' diagnostic approach to the patient with dizziness, using a multicenter quantitative survey. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: We anonymously surveyed attending and resident emergency physicians at 17 [...]

Models are commonly employed in both first (L1) and second language (L2) writing classrooms; however, questions remain concerning the role of this inductive technique in students’ genre learning. The study reported here examines the effect of two instructional techniques (models and models combined with explicit instruction) on the ability of three groups of writers (native speakers of English, higher proficiency nonnative speakers, and lower proficiency nonnative speakers) to produce a specially constructed essay type. Using a controlled/posttest design with stimulated recall data, the study found that those students receiving models were outperformed on Essay 1, Essay 2 (1 week later), and a Quiz (1 month later) by those students who received models in combination with explicit instruction. Implications for L2 writing instruction are discussed.

Background. Pressure ulcers among elderly hospital patients diminish quality of life and increase the cost of hospital care. Evidence suggests that pressure ulcers can arise after only a few hours of immobility. The goals of this study were to estimate the incidence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers in the first 2 days of the hospital stay and to identify patient characteristics associated with higher incidence. Methods. A prospective cohort study was performed between 1998 and 2001. A total of 3233 patients 65 years old or older admitted through the Emergency Department to the inpatient Medical Service at two study hospitals were examined by a research nurse on the third day of hospitalization. Pressure ulcers were ascertained using standard criteria and were classified as either preexisting, possibly hospital-acquired, or definitely hospital-acquired. Results. There were 201 patients with one or more possibly or definitely hospital-acquired pressure ulcers for a cumulative incidence of 6.2% (95% confidence interval, 5.4%-7.1%). Most of the pressure ulcers were stage 2, and the majority were in the sacral area or on the heels. In multivariable analysis, pressure ulcer incidence was significantly associated with increasing age, male gender, dry skin, urinary and fecal incontinence, difficulty turning in bed, nursing home residence prior to admission, recent hospitalization, and poor nutritional status. Conclusions. A small but significant proportion of elderly emergently admitted hospital patients acquire pressure ulcers soon after their admission. New models of care may be required to ensure that preventive interventions are provided very early in the elderly person's hospital stay.