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2. Assessing changes in global fire regimes

Author

Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, Abbott, Benjamin W., Vannière, Boris, Leys, Bérangère, Colombaroli, Daniele, Romera, Graciela Gil, Słowiński, Michał, Aleman, Julie C., Blarquez, Olivier, Feurdean, Angelica, Brown, Kendrick, Aakala, Tuomas, Alenius, Teija, Allen, Kathryn, Andric, Maja, Bergeron, Yves, Biagioni, Siria, Bradshaw, Richard, Bremond, Laurent, Brisset, Elodie, Brooks, Joseph, Brugger, Sandra O., Brussel, Thomas, Cadd, Haidee, Cagliero, Eleonora, Carcaillet, Christopher, Carter, Vachel, Catry, Filipe X., Champreux, Antoine, Chaste, Emeline, Chavardès, Raphaël Daniel, Chipman, Melissa, Conedera, Marco, Connor, Simon, Constantine, Mark, Courtney Mustaphi, Colin, Dabengwa, Abraham N., Daniels, William, De Boer, Erik, Dietze, Elisabeth, Estrany, Joan, Fernandes, Paulo, Finsinger, Walter, Flantua, Suzette G. A., Fox-Hughes, Paul, Gaboriau, Dorian M., M.Gayo, Eugenia, Girardin, Martin. P., Glenn, Jeffrey, Glückler, Ramesh, González-Arango, Catalina, Groves, Mariangelica, Hamilton, Douglas S., Hamilton, Rebecca Jenner, Hantson, Stijn, Hapsari, K. Anggi, Hardiman, Mark, Hawthorne, Donna, Hoffman, Kira, Inoue, Jun, Karp, Allison T., Krebs, Patrik, Kulkarni, Charuta, Kuosmanen, Niina, Lacourse, Terri, Ledru, Marie-Pierre, Lestienne, Marion, Long, Colin, López-Sáez, José Antonio, Loughlin, Nicholas, Niklasson, Mats, Madrigal, Javier, Maezumi, S. Yoshi, Marcisz, Katarzyna, Mariani, Michela, McWethy, David, Meyer, Grant, Molinari, Chiara, Montoya, Encarni, Mooney, Scott, Morales-Molino, Cesar, Morris, Jesse, Moss, Patrick, Oliveras, Imma, Pereira, José Miguel, Pezzatti, Gianni Boris, Pickarski, Nadine, Pini, Roberta, Rehn, Emma, Remy, Cécile C., Revelles, Jordi, Rius, Damien, Robin, Vincent, Ruan, Yanming, Rudaya, Natalia, Russell-Smith, Jeremy, Seppä, Heikki, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, T.Sommers, William, Tavşanoğlu, Çağatay, Umbanhowar, Charles, Urquiaga, Erickson, Urrego, Dunia, Vachula, Richard S., Wallenius, Tuomo, You, Chao, and Daniau, Anne-Laure

Published
2024
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3. Microbiome assembly in thawing permafrost and its feedbacks to climate

Author

Ernakovich, Jessica G, Barbato, Robyn A, Rich, Virginia I, Schädel, Christina, Hewitt, Rebecca E, Doherty, Stacey J, Whalen, Emily D, Abbott, Benjamin W, Barta, Jiri, Biasi, Christina, Chabot, Chris L, Hultman, Jenni, Knoblauch, Christian, Vetter, Maggie CY Lau, Leewis, Mary‐Cathrine, Liebner, Susanne, Mackelprang, Rachel, Onstott, Tullis C, Richter, Andreas, Schütte, Ursel ME, Siljanen, Henri MP, Taş, Neslihan, Timling, Ina, Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A, Waldrop, Mark P, and Winkel, Matthias

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Climate Action, Arctic Regions, Feedback, Microbiota, Permafrost, Phylogeny, Soil, Environmental Sciences, Biological sciences, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

The physical and chemical changes that accompany permafrost thaw directly influence the microbial communities that mediate the decomposition of formerly frozen organic matter, leading to uncertainty in permafrost-climate feedbacks. Although changes to microbial metabolism and community structure are documented following thaw, the generality of post-thaw assembly patterns across permafrost soils of the world remains uncertain, limiting our ability to predict biogeochemistry and microbial community responses to climate change. Based on our review of the Arctic microbiome, permafrost microbiology, and community ecology, we propose that Assembly Theory provides a framework to better understand thaw-mediated microbiome changes and the implications for community function and climate feedbacks. This framework posits that the prevalence of deterministic or stochastic processes indicates whether the community is well-suited to thrive in changing environmental conditions. We predict that on a short timescale and following high-disturbance thaw (e.g., thermokarst), stochasticity dominates post-thaw microbiome assembly, suggesting that functional predictions will be aided by detailed information about the microbiome. At a longer timescale and lower-intensity disturbance (e.g., active layer deepening), deterministic processes likely dominate, making environmental parameters sufficient for predicting function. We propose that the contribution of stochastic and deterministic processes to post-thaw microbiome assembly depends on the characteristics of the thaw disturbance, as well as characteristics of the microbial community, such as the ecological and phylogenetic breadth of functional guilds, their functional redundancy, and biotic interactions. These propagate across space and time, potentially providing a means for predicting the microbial forcing of greenhouse gas feedbacks to global climate change.

Published
2022

6. Alpine permafrost could account for a quarter of thawed carbon based on Plio-Pleistocene paleoclimate analogue

Author

Cheng, Feng, Garzione, Carmala, Li, Xiangzhong, Salzmann, Ulrich, Schwarz, Florian, Haywood, Alan M, Tindall, Julia, Nie, Junsheng, Li, Lin, Wang, Lin, Abbott, Benjamin W, Elliott, Ben, Liu, Weiguo, Upadhyay, Deepshikha, Arnold, Alexandrea, and Tripati, Aradhna

Subjects
Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Earth Sciences, Geology, Climate Action, Carbon, Climate, European Alpine Region, Permafrost, Temperature
Abstract

Estimates of the permafrost-climate feedback vary in magnitude and sign, partly because permafrost carbon stability in warmer-than-present conditions is not well constrained. Here we use a Plio-Pleistocene lacustrine reconstruction of mean annual air temperature (MAAT) from the Tibetan Plateau, the largest alpine permafrost region on the Earth, to constrain past and future changes in permafrost carbon storage. Clumped isotope-temperatures (Δ47-T) indicate warmer MAAT (~1.2 °C) prior to 2.7 Ma, and support a permafrost-free environment on the northern Tibetan Plateau in a warmer-than-present climate. Δ47-T indicate ~8.1 °C cooling from 2.7 Ma, coincident with Northern Hemisphere glacial intensification. Combined with climate models and global permafrost distribution, these results indicate, under conditions similar to mid-Pliocene Warm period (3.3-3.0 Ma), ~60% of alpine permafrost containing ~85 petagrams of carbon may be vulnerable to thawing compared to ~20% of circumarctic permafrost. This estimate highlights ~25% of permafrost carbon and the permafrost-climate feedback could originate in alpine areas.

Published
2022

8. Deep denitrification: Stream and groundwater biogeochemistry reveal contrasted but connected worlds above and below

Author

Severe, Emilee, Errigo, Isabella M., Proteau, Mary, Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, Kolbe, Tamara, Marçais, Jean, Thomas, Zahra, Petton, Christophe, Rouault, François, Vautier, Camille, de Dreuzy, Jean-Raynald, Moatar, Florentina, Aquilina, Luc, Wood, Rachel L., LaBasque, Thierry, Lécuyer, Christophe, Pinay, Gilles, and Abbott, Benjamin W.

Published
2023
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11. Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region

Author

Natali, Susan M, Watts, Jennifer D, Rogers, Brendan M, Potter, Stefano, Ludwig, Sarah M, Selbmann, Anne-Katrin, Sullivan, Patrick F, Abbott, Benjamin W, Arndt, Kyle A, Birch, Leah, Björkman, Mats P, Bloom, A Anthony, Celis, Gerardo, Christensen, Torben R, Christiansen, Casper T, Commane, Roisin, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Crill, Patrick, Czimczik, Claudia, Davydov, Sergey, Du, Jinyang, Egan, Jocelyn E, Elberling, Bo, Euskirchen, Eugenie S, Friborg, Thomas, Genet, Hélène, Göckede, Mathias, Goodrich, Jordan P, Grogan, Paul, Helbig, Manuel, Jafarov, Elchin E, Jastrow, Julie D, Kalhori, Aram AM, Kim, Yongwon, Kimball, John S, Kutzbach, Lars, Lara, Mark J, Larsen, Klaus S, Lee, Bang-Yong, Liu, Zhihua, Loranty, Michael M, Lund, Magnus, Lupascu, Massimo, Madani, Nima, Malhotra, Avni, Matamala, Roser, McFarland, Jack, McGuire, A David, Michelsen, Anders, Minions, Christina, Oechel, Walter C, Olefeldt, David, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W, Pirk, Norbert, Poulter, Ben, Quinton, William, Rezanezhad, Fereidoun, Risk, David, Sachs, Torsten, Schaefer, Kevin, Schmidt, Niels M, Schuur, Edward AG, Semenchuk, Philipp R, Shaver, Gaius, Sonnentag, Oliver, Starr, Gregory, Treat, Claire C, Waldrop, Mark P, Wang, Yihui, Welker, Jeffrey, Wille, Christian, Xu, Xiaofeng, Zhang, Zhen, Zhuang, Qianlai, and Zona, Donatella

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Forestry Sciences, Climate Action, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Environmental Science and Management
Abstract

Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter1-3, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2)4. However, the amount of CO2 released in winter is highly uncertain and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or by empirically-based estimates5,6. Here we synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux from arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain. We estimate a contemporary loss of 1662 Tg C yr-1 from the permafrost region during the winter season (October through April). This loss is greater than the average growing season carbon uptake for this region estimated from process models (-1032 Tg C yr-1). Extending model predictions to warmer conditions in 2100 indicates that winter CO2 emissions will increase 17% under a moderate mitigation scenario-Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5-and 41% under business-as-usual emissions scenario-RCP 8.5. Our results provide a new baseline for winter CO2 emissions from northern terrestrial regions and indicate that enhanced soil CO2 loss due to winter warming may offset growing season carbon uptake under future climatic conditions.

Published
2019

12. A globally relevant stock of soil nitrogen in the Yedoma permafrost domain

Author

Strauss, Jens, Biasi, Christina, Sanders, Tina, Abbott, Benjamin W., von Deimling, Thomas Schneider, Voigt, Carolina, Winkel, Matthias, Marushchak, Maija E., Kou, Dan, Fuchs, Matthias, Horn, Marcus A., Jongejans, Loeka L., Liebner, Susanne, Nitzbon, Jan, Schirrmeister, Lutz, Walter Anthony, Katey, Yang, Yuanhe, Zubrzycki, Sebastian, Laboor, Sebastian, Treat, Claire, and Grosse, Guido

Published
2022
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13. Assessing changes in global fire regimes

Author

Swiss Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Bern, National Science Foundation (US), Utah's Watershed Restoration Initiative, Brigham Young University, National Science Centre (Poland), European Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, Abbott, Benjamin W., Vannière, Boris, Leys, Bérangère, Colombaroli, Daniele, Gil-Romera, Graciela, Słowiński, Michał, Aleman, Julie C., Blarquez, Olivier, Feurdean, Angelica, Brown, Kendrick, Ruan, Yanming, Rudaya, Natalia, Russell‑Smith, Jeremy, Seppä, Heikki, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, Sommers, William T., Tavşanoğlu, Çağatay, Umbanhowar, Charles, Urquiaga, Erickson, Urrego, Dunia, Vachula, Richard S., Wallenius, Tuomo, You, Chao, Daniau, Anne‑Laure, Aakala, Tuomas, Alenius, Teija, Allen, Kathryn, Andric, Maja, Bergeron, Yves, Biagioni, Siria, Bradshaw, Richard, Bremond, Laurent, Brisset, Elodie, Brooks, Joseph, Brugger, Sandra O., Brussel, Thomas, Cadd, Haidee, Cagliero, Eleonora, Carcaillet, Christopher, Carter, Vachel, Catry, Filipe X., Champreux, Antoine, Chaste, Emeline, Chavardès, Raphaël Daniel, Chipman, Melissa, Conedera, Marco, Connor, Simon, Constantine, Mark, Mustaphi, Colin Courtney, Dabengwa, Abraham N., Daniels, William, De Boer, Erik, Dietze, Elisabeth, Estrany, Joan, Fernandes, Paulo, Finsinger, Walter, Flantua, Suzette G. A., Fox‑Hughes, Paul, Gaboriau, Dorian M., Gayo, Eugenia M., Girardin, Martin. P., Glenn, Jefrey, Glückler, Ramesh, González‑Arango, Catalina, Groves, Mariangelica, Hamilton, Douglas S., Hamilton, Rebecca Jenner, Hantson, Stijn, Hapsari, K. Anggi, Hardiman, Mark, Hawthorne, Donna, Hofman, Kira, Inoue, Jun, Karp, Allison T., Krebs, Patrik, Kulkarni, Charuta, Kuosmanen, Niina, Lacourse, Terri, Ledru, Marie‑Pierre, Lestienne, Marion, Long, Colin, López Sáez, José Antonio, Loughlin, Nicholas, Niklasson, Mats, Madrigal, Javier, Maezumi, S. Yoshi, Marcisz, Katarzyna, Mariani, Michela, McWethy, David, Meyer, Grant, Molinari, Chiara, Montoya, Encarni, Mooney, Scott, Morales‑Molino, César, Morris, Jesse, Moss, Patrick, Oliveras, Imma, Pereira, José Miguel, Pezzatti, Gianni Boris, Pickarski, Nadine, Pini, Roberta, Rehn, Emma, Remy, Cécile C., Revelles, Jordi, Rius, Damien, Robin, Vincent, Swiss Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Bern, National Science Foundation (US), Utah's Watershed Restoration Initiative, Brigham Young University, National Science Centre (Poland), European Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, Abbott, Benjamin W., Vannière, Boris, Leys, Bérangère, Colombaroli, Daniele, Gil-Romera, Graciela, Słowiński, Michał, Aleman, Julie C., Blarquez, Olivier, Feurdean, Angelica, Brown, Kendrick, Ruan, Yanming, Rudaya, Natalia, Russell‑Smith, Jeremy, Seppä, Heikki, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, Sommers, William T., Tavşanoğlu, Çağatay, Umbanhowar, Charles, Urquiaga, Erickson, Urrego, Dunia, Vachula, Richard S., Wallenius, Tuomo, You, Chao, Daniau, Anne‑Laure, Aakala, Tuomas, Alenius, Teija, Allen, Kathryn, Andric, Maja, Bergeron, Yves, Biagioni, Siria, Bradshaw, Richard, Bremond, Laurent, Brisset, Elodie, Brooks, Joseph, Brugger, Sandra O., Brussel, Thomas, Cadd, Haidee, Cagliero, Eleonora, Carcaillet, Christopher, Carter, Vachel, Catry, Filipe X., Champreux, Antoine, Chaste, Emeline, Chavardès, Raphaël Daniel, Chipman, Melissa, Conedera, Marco, Connor, Simon, Constantine, Mark, Mustaphi, Colin Courtney, Dabengwa, Abraham N., Daniels, William, De Boer, Erik, Dietze, Elisabeth, Estrany, Joan, Fernandes, Paulo, Finsinger, Walter, Flantua, Suzette G. A., Fox‑Hughes, Paul, Gaboriau, Dorian M., Gayo, Eugenia M., Girardin, Martin. P., Glenn, Jefrey, Glückler, Ramesh, González‑Arango, Catalina, Groves, Mariangelica, Hamilton, Douglas S., Hamilton, Rebecca Jenner, Hantson, Stijn, Hapsari, K. Anggi, Hardiman, Mark, Hawthorne, Donna, Hofman, Kira, Inoue, Jun, Karp, Allison T., Krebs, Patrik, Kulkarni, Charuta, Kuosmanen, Niina, Lacourse, Terri, Ledru, Marie‑Pierre, Lestienne, Marion, Long, Colin, López Sáez, José Antonio, Loughlin, Nicholas, Niklasson, Mats, Madrigal, Javier, Maezumi, S. Yoshi, Marcisz, Katarzyna, Mariani, Michela, McWethy, David, Meyer, Grant, Molinari, Chiara, Montoya, Encarni, Mooney, Scott, Morales‑Molino, César, Morris, Jesse, Moss, Patrick, Oliveras, Imma, Pereira, José Miguel, Pezzatti, Gianni Boris, Pickarski, Nadine, Pini, Roberta, Rehn, Emma, Remy, Cécile C., Revelles, Jordi, Rius, Damien, and Robin, Vincent

Abstract

[Background] The global human footprint has fundamentally altered wildfire regimes, creating serious consequences for human health, biodiversity, and climate. However, it remains difficult to project how long-term interactions among land use, management, and climate change will affect fire behavior, representing a key knowledge gap for sustainable management. We used expert assessment to combine opinions about past and future fire regimes from 99 wildfire researchers. We asked for quantitative and qualitative assessments of the frequency, type, and implications of fire regime change from the beginning of the Holocene through the year 2300., [Results] Respondents indicated some direct human influence on wildfire since at least ~ 12,000 years BP, though natural climate variability remained the dominant driver of fire regime change until around 5,000 years BP, for most study regions. Responses suggested a ten-fold increase in the frequency of fire regime change during the last 250 years compared with the rest of the Holocene, corresponding first with the intensification and extensification of land use and later with anthropogenic climate change. Looking to the future, fire regimes were predicted to intensify, with increases in frequency, severity, and size in all biomes except grassland ecosystems. Fire regimes showed different climate sensitivities across biomes, but the likelihood of fire regime change increased with higher warming scenarios for all biomes. Biodiversity, carbon storage, and other ecosystem services were predicted to decrease for most biomes under higher emission scenarios. We present recommendations for adaptation and mitigation under emerging fire regimes, while recognizing that management options are constrained under higher emission scenarios., [Conclusion] The influence of humans on wildfire regimes has increased over the last two centuries. The perspective gained from past fires should be considered in land and fire management strategies, but novel fire behavior is likely given the unprecedented human disruption of plant communities, climate, and other factors. Future fire regimes are likely to degrade key ecosystem services, unless climate change is aggressively mitigated. Expert assessment complements empirical data and modeling, providing a broader perspective of fire science to inform decision making and future research priorities.

Published
2024

14. Assessing changes in global fire regimes

Author

Montoya, Encarnación, López-Sáez, José Antonio, Madrigal, Javier, Sayedi Sayedeh Sara, Abbott, Benjamin W., Vannière, Boris, Leys, Bérangère, Colombaroli, Daniele, Gil-Romera, Graciela, Słowiński, Michał, Aleman, Julie C., Blarquez, Olivier, Feurdean, Angelica, Brown, Kendrick, Aakala, T., Alenius, T., Allen, Kathryn J., Andric, Maja, Bergeron, Yves, Biagioni, Siria, Bradshaw, Richard, Bremond, Laurent, Montoya, Encarnación, López-Sáez, José Antonio, Madrigal, Javier, Sayedi Sayedeh Sara, Abbott, Benjamin W., Vannière, Boris, Leys, Bérangère, Colombaroli, Daniele, Gil-Romera, Graciela, Słowiński, Michał, Aleman, Julie C., Blarquez, Olivier, Feurdean, Angelica, Brown, Kendrick, Aakala, T., Alenius, T., Allen, Kathryn J., Andric, Maja, Bergeron, Yves, Biagioni, Siria, Bradshaw, Richard, and Bremond, Laurent

Abstract

The global human footprint has fundamentally altered wildfire regimes, creating serious consequences for human health, biodiversity, and climate. However, it remains difficult to project how long-term interactions among land use, management, and climate change will affect fire behavior, representing a key knowledge gap for sustainable management. We used expert assessment to combine opinions about past and future fire regimes from 99 wildfire researchers. We asked for quantitative and qualitative assessments of the frequency, type, and implications of fire regime change from the beginning of the Holocene through the year 2300.

Published
2024

16. Impact of Peat Extraction on Downstream Concentrations and Attenuation of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nutrients.

Author

Frei, Rebecca J., Shewan, Renae, Cao, Ming, Abbott, Benjamin W., and Olefeldt, David

Subjects
DISSOLVED organic matter, WATER chemistry, GROUNDWATER flow, WATER quality, RANDOM forest algorithms
Abstract

Horticultural peat extraction can mobilize dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) to surface waters, harming aquatic ecosystems and water quality. However, it is uncertain how peat extraction affects solute concentration across hydrological and seasonal conditions and how biogeochemical processing in downstream drainage networks responds. Over two years, we used repeated, spatially extensive sampling in stream networks of two mixed land‐use catchments (<200 km2) on the subhumid interior plains of western Canada. We used random forest models to disentangle the effects of land cover, hydrology, and temperature on water chemistry. Peatlands were the dominant source of DOM to streams, but we detected no substantial effect of peat extraction on DOM concentration or composition. Stream discharge was the most important predictor of DOM composition, with generally humic‐like DOM becoming fresher during snowmelt and summer base flow. We detected no effect from peat extraction on soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP) or nitrate (NO3−). However, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was an order of magnitude higher in subcatchments with >40% extracted peatland cover (median: 1.5 mg TAN L−1) compared to catchments with similar intact peatland cover. Mass balance analysis suggested that DOM and inorganic nutrients synchronously attenuated during low flows. During high flows, DOM and inorganic nitrogen were conservatively transported, while SRP was attenuated, likely sorbing to suspended particles. Our study suggests that excess TAN mobilized by peat extraction is utilized in headwaters during low flow but propagates downstream during high flow, with implications for eutrophication that land managers should consider. Key Points: Peat extraction in a subhumid continental climate significantly increased stream ammonia concentration, but not carbon or phosphorusStream hydrology strongly influenced dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, with low flows shifting DOM from aromatic to aliphaticHydrology affected the downstream persistence of DOM and nitrogen, which attenuated at low flows. Phosphorus was attenuated at all flows [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Carbon release through abrupt permafrost thaw

Author

Turetsky, Merritt R., Abbott, Benjamin W., Jones, Miriam C., Anthony, Katey Walter, Olefeldt, David, Schuur, Edward A. G., Grosse, Guido, Kuhry, Peter, Hugelius, Gustaf, Koven, Charles, Lawrence, David M., Gibson, Carolyn, Sannel, A. Britta K., and McGuire, A. David

Published
2020
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24. Accelerating the Renewable Energy Revolution to Get Back to the Holocene

Author

Abbott, Benjamin W., primary, Abrahamian, Chelsea, additional, Newbold, Nicholas, additional, Smith, Peter, additional, Merritt, Marina, additional, Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, additional, Bekker, Jeremy, additional, Greenhalgh, Mitchell, additional, Gilbert, Sophie, additional, King, Michalea, additional, Lopez, Gabriel, additional, Zimmermann, Nils, additional, and Breyer, Christian, additional

Published
2023
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26. Human domination of the global water cycle absent from depictions and perceptions

Author

Abbott, Benjamin W., Bishop, Kevin, Zarnetske, Jay P., Minaudo, Camille, Chapin, III, F. S., Krause, Stefan, Hannah, David M., Conner, Lafe, Ellison, David, Godsey, Sarah E., Plont, Stephen, Marçais, Jean, Kolbe, Tamara, Huebner, Amanda, Frei, Rebecca J., Hampton, Tyler, Gu, Sen, Buhman, Madeline, Sara Sayedi, Sayedeh, Ursache, Ovidiu, Chapin, Melissa, Henderson, Kathryn D., and Pinay, Gilles

Published
2019
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27. Long-term ecological observatories needed to understand ecohydrological systems in the Anthropocene: a catchment-scale case study in Brittany, France

Author

Thomas, Zahra, Rousseau-Gueutin, Pauline, Abbott, Benjamin W., Kolbe, Tamara, Le Lay, Hugo, Marçais, Jean, Rouault, François, Petton, Christophe, Pichelin, Pascal, Le Hennaff, Geneviève, Squividant, Hervé, Labasque, Thierry, de Dreuzy, Jean-Raynald, Aquilina, Luc, Baudry, Jacques, and Pinay, Gilles

Published
2019
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29. The Music of Rivers: The Mathematics of Waves Reveals Global Structure and Drivers of Streamflow Regime

Author

Brown, Brian C., primary, Fullerton, Aimee H., additional, Kopp, Darin, additional, Tromboni, Flavia, additional, Shogren, Arial J., additional, Webb, J. Angus, additional, Ruffing, Claire, additional, Heaton, Matthew, additional, Kuglerová, Lenka, additional, Allen, Daniel C., additional, McGill, Lillian, additional, Zarnetske, Jay P., additional, Whiles, Matt R., additional, Jones, Jeremy B., additional, and Abbott, Benjamin W., additional

Published
2023
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30. Proposing a 1.0°C climate target for a safer future

Author

Breyer, Christian, primary, Keiner, Dominik, additional, Abbott, Benjamin W., additional, Bamber, Jonathan L., additional, Creutzig, Felix, additional, Gerhards, Christoph, additional, Mühlbauer, Andreas, additional, Nemet, Gregory F., additional, and Terli, Özden, additional

Published
2023
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31. Permafrost collapse is accelerating carbon release

Author

Turetsky, Merritt R., Abbott, Benjamin W., Jones, Miriam C., Walter Anthony, Katey, Olefeldt, David, Schuur, Edward A. G., Koven, Charles, McGuire, A. David, Grosse, Guido, Kuhry, Peter, Hugelius, Gustaf, Lawrence, David M., Gibson, Carolyn, and Sannel, A. Britta K.

Published
2019
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34. Emergency Measures Needed to Rescue Great Salt Lake From Ongoing Collapse

Author

Abbott, Benjamin W., Baxter, Bonnie K., Busche, Karoline, de Freitas, Lynn, Frei, Rebecca, Gomez, Teresa, Karren, Mary Anne, Buck, Rachel L., Price, Joseph, Frutos, Sara, Sowby, Robert B., Brahney, Janice, Hopkins, Bryan G., Bekker, Matthew F., Bekker, Jeremy S., Rader, Russell, Brown, Brian, Proteau, Mary, Carling, Gregory T., Conner, Lafe, Cox, Paul Alan, McQuhae, Ethan, Oscarson, Christopher, Nelson, Daren T., Davis, Jeffrey, Horns, Daniel, Dove, Heather, Bishop, Tara, Johnson, Adam, Nelson, Kaye, Bennion, John, Belmont, Patrick, Abbott, Benjamin W., Baxter, Bonnie K., Busche, Karoline, de Freitas, Lynn, Frei, Rebecca, Gomez, Teresa, Karren, Mary Anne, Buck, Rachel L., Price, Joseph, Frutos, Sara, Sowby, Robert B., Brahney, Janice, Hopkins, Bryan G., Bekker, Matthew F., Bekker, Jeremy S., Rader, Russell, Brown, Brian, Proteau, Mary, Carling, Gregory T., Conner, Lafe, Cox, Paul Alan, McQuhae, Ethan, Oscarson, Christopher, Nelson, Daren T., Davis, Jeffrey, Horns, Daniel, Dove, Heather, Bishop, Tara, Johnson, Adam, Nelson, Kaye, Bennion, John, and Belmont, Patrick

Abstract

Great Salt Lake is facing unprecedented danger. Without a dramatic increase in water flow to the lake in 2023 and 2024, its disappearance could cause immense damage to Utah’s public health, environment, and economy. This briefing provides background and recommends emergency measures. The choices we make over the next few months will affect our state and ecosystems throughout the West for decades to come.

Published
2023

35. Deep denitrification:Stream and groundwater biogeochemistry reveal contrasted but connected worlds above and below

Author

Severe, Emilee, Errigo, Isabella M, Proteau, Mary, Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, Kolbe, Tamara, Marçais, Jean, Thomas, Zahra, Petton, Christophe, Rouault, François, Vautier, Camille, de Dreuzy, Jean-Raynald, Moatar, Florentina, Aquilina, Luc, Wood, Rachel L, LaBasque, Thierry, Lécuyer, Christophe, Pinay, Gilles, Abbott, Benjamin W, Severe, Emilee, Errigo, Isabella M, Proteau, Mary, Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, Kolbe, Tamara, Marçais, Jean, Thomas, Zahra, Petton, Christophe, Rouault, François, Vautier, Camille, de Dreuzy, Jean-Raynald, Moatar, Florentina, Aquilina, Luc, Wood, Rachel L, LaBasque, Thierry, Lécuyer, Christophe, Pinay, Gilles, and Abbott, Benjamin W

Abstract

Excess nutrients from agricultural and urban development have created a cascade of ecological crises around the globe. Nutrient pollution has triggered eutrophication in most freshwater and coastal ecosystems, contributing to a loss in biodiversity, harm to human health, and trillions in economic damage every year. Much of the research conducted on nutrient transport and retention has focused on surface environments, which are both easy to access and biologically active. However, surface characteristics of watersheds, such as land use and network configuration, often do not explain the variation in nutrient retention observed in rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Recent research suggests subsurface processes and characteristics may be more important than previously thought in determining watershed-level nutrient fluxes and removal. In a small watershed in western France, we used a multi-tracer approach to compare surface and subsurface nitrate dynamics at commensurate spatiotemporal scales. We combined 3-D hydrological modeling with a rich biogeochemical dataset from 20 wells and 15 stream locations. Water chemistry in the surface and subsurface showed high temporal variability, but groundwater was substantially more spatially variable, attributable to long transport times (10-60 years) and patchy distribution of the iron and sulfur electron donors fueling autotrophic denitrification. Isotopes of nitrate and sulfate revealed fundamentally different processes dominating the surface (heterotrophic denitrification and sulfate reduction) and subsurface (autotrophic denitrification and sulfate production). Agricultural land use was associated with elevated nitrate in surface water, but subsurface nitrate concentration was decoupled from land use. Dissolved silica and sulfate are affordable tracers of residence time and nitrogen removal that are relatively stable in surface and subsurface environments. Together, these findings reveal distinct but adjacent and connected biogeoc

Published
2023

36. Using multi-tracer inference to move beyond single-catchment ecohydrology

Author

Abbott, Benjamin W., Baranov, Viktor, Mendoza-Lera, Clara, Nikolakopoulou, Myrto, Harjung, Astrid, Kolbe, Tamara, Balasubramanian, Mukundh N., Vaessen, Timothy N., Ciocca, Francesco, Campeau, Audrey, Wallin, Marcus B., Romeijn, Paul, Antonelli, Marta, Gonçalves, José, Datry, Thibault, Laverman, Anniet M., de Dreuzy, Jean-Raynald, Hannah, David M., Krause, Stefan, Oldham, Carolyn, and Pinay, Gilles

Published
2016
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38. Assessing changes in global fire regimes

Author

Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, primary, Abbott, Benjamin W, additional, Vannière, Boris, additional, Leys, Bérangère, additional, Colombaroli, Daniele, additional, Romera, Graciela Gil, additional, Słowiński, Michał, additional, Aleman, Julie C., additional, Blarquez, Olivier, additional, Feurdean, Angelica, additional, Brown, Kendrick, additional, Aakala, Tuomas, additional, Alenius, Teija, additional, Allen, Kathryn, additional, Andric, Maja, additional, Bergeron, Yves, additional, Biagioni, Siria, additional, Bradshaw, Richard, additional, Bremond, Laurent, additional, Brisset, Elodie, additional, Brooks, Joseph, additional, Bruegger, Sandra, additional, Brussel, Thomas, additional, Cadd, Haidee, additional, Cagliero, Eleonora, additional, Carcaillet, Christopher, additional, Carter, Vachel, additional, Catry, Filipe X., additional, Champreux, Antoine, additional, Chaste, Emeline, additional, Chavardès, Raphaël Daniel, additional, Chipman, Melissa, additional, Conedera, Marco, additional, Connor, Simon, additional, Constantine, Mark, additional, Mustaphi, Colin Courtney, additional, Dabengwa, Abraham N, additional, Daniels, William, additional, De Boer, Erik, additional, Dietze, Elisabeth, additional, Estrany, Joan, additional, Fernandes, Paulo, additional, Finsinger, Walter, additional, Flantua, Suzette, additional, Fox-Hughes, Paul, additional, Gaboriau, Dorian M, additional, Gayo, Eugenia M., additional, Girardin, Martin.P, additional, Glenn, Jeffery, additional, Glückler, Ramesh, additional, González-Arango, Catalina, additional, Groves, Mariangelica, additional, Hamilton, Rebecca Jenner, additional, Hamilton, Douglas, additional, Hantson, Stijn, additional, Hapsari, K. Anggi, additional, Hardiman, Mark, additional, Hawthorne, Donna, additional, Hoffman, Kira, additional, Iglesias, Virginia, additional, Inoue, Jun, additional, Karp, Allison T, additional, Krebs, Patrik, additional, Kulkarni, Charuta, additional, Kuosmanen, Niina, additional, Lacourse, Terri, additional, Ledru, Marie-Pierre, additional, Lestienne, Marion, additional, Long, Colin, additional, López-Sáez, José Antonio, additional, Loughlin, Nicholas, additional, Lynch, Elizabeth, additional, Niklasson, Mats, additional, Madrigal, Javier, additional, Maezumi, S. Yoshi, additional, Marcisz, Katarzyna, additional, Meyer, Grant, additional, Mariani, Michela, additional, McWethy, David, additional, Molinari, Chiara, additional, Montoya, Encarni, additional, Mooney, Scott, additional, Morales-Molino, Cesar, additional, Morris, Jesse, additional, Moss, Patrick, additional, Oliveras, Imma, additional, Pereira, José Miguel, additional, Pezzatti, Gianni Boris, additional, Pickarski, Nadine, additional, Pini, Roberta, additional, Robin, Vincent, additional, Rehn, Emma, additional, Remy, Cecile, additional, Rius, Damien, additional, Ruan, Yanming, additional, Rudaya, Natalia, additional, Russell-Smith, Jeremy, additional, Seppä, Heikki, additional, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, additional, Sommers, William T., additional, Tavşanoğlu, Çağatay, additional, Umbanhowar, Charles, additional, Urquiaga, Erickson, additional, Urrego, Dunia, additional, Vachula, Richard, additional, Wallenius, Tuomo, additional, You, Chao, additional, and Daniau, Anne-Laure, additional

Published
2023
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39. Resistance, recovery, and resilience: rethinking the three Rs of survival in the Anthropocene

Author

Abbott, Benjamin W., primary, Underwood, Kristen L, additional, Seybold, Erin Cedar, additional, Kincaid, Dustin, additional, Hamshaw, Scott D, additional, Lee, Raymond M, additional, Rizzo, Donna M, additional, Brown, Brian, additional, Toolin, Regina, additional, Chorover, Jon, additional, Li, Li, additional, Lewis, Gabriel, additional, Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, additional, Clair, Samuel St., additional, Buck, Rachel L., additional, Aanderud, Zachary, additional, Brahney, Janice L, additional, Nixon, Ryan S., additional, Wang, Weihong, additional, Flox, Cally, additional, and Perdrial, Julia N, additional

Published
2023
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40. The Music of Rivers: The Mathematics of Waves Reveals Global Structure and Drivers of Streamflow Regime

Author

Brown, Brian, primary, Fulerton, Aimee H, additional, Kopp, Darin, additional, Tromboni, Flavia, additional, Shogren, Arial, additional, Webb, J. Angus, additional, Ruffing, Claire, additional, Heaton, Matthew Joseph, additional, Kuglerova, Lenka, additional, Allen, Daniel C, additional, McGill, Lillian, additional, Zarnetske, Jay P, additional, Whiles, Matt R, additional, Jones, Jeremy B, additional, Abbott, Benjamin W., additional, Poff, N. LeRoy, additional, McDonell, Jeff, additional, McClelland, James, additional, Labat, David, additional, and Hood, Eran, additional

Published
2022
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41. Emergency measures needed to rescue Great Salt Lake from ongoing collapse

Author

Abbott, Benjamin W, Baxter, Bonnie K, Busche, Karoline, De Freitas, Lynn, Frei, Rebecca, Gomez, Teresa, Karren, Mary Anne, Buck, Rachel L, Price, Joseph, Frutos, Sara, Sowby, Robert B, Brahney, Janice, Hopkins, Bryan G, Bekker, Matthew F, Bekker, Jeremy S, Rader, Russell, Brown, Brian, Proteau, Mary, Carling, Gregory T, Lafe Conner, Cox, Paul Alan, Mcquhae, Ethan, Oscarson, Christopher, Nelson, Daren T, R Jeffrey Davis, Horns, Daniel, Dove, Heather, Bishop, Tara, Johnson, Adam, Nelson, Kaye, Bennion, John, and Belmont, Patrick

Published
2023
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42. Author Correction: Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region

Author

Natali, Susan M., Watts, Jennifer D., Rogers, Brendan M., Potter, Stefano, Ludwig, Sarah M., Selbmann, Anne-Katrin, Sullivan, Patrick F., Abbott, Benjamin W., Arndt, Kyle A., Birch, Leah, Björkman, Mats P., Bloom, A. Anthony, Celis, Gerardo, Christensen, Torben R., Christiansen, Casper T., Commane, Roisin, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Crill, Patrick, Czimczik, Claudia, Davydov, Sergey, Du, Jinyang, Egan, Jocelyn E., Elberling, Bo, Euskirchen, Eugenie S., Friborg, Thomas, Genet, Hélène, Göckede, Mathias, Goodrich, Jordan P., Grogan, Paul, Helbig, Manuel, Jafarov, Elchin E., Jastrow, Julie D., Kalhori, Aram A. M., Kim, Yongwon, Kimball, John S., Kutzbach, Lars, Lara, Mark J., Larsen, Klaus S., Lee, Bang-Yong, Liu, Zhihua, Loranty, Michael M., Lund, Magnus, Lupascu, Massimo, Madani, Nima, Malhotra, Avni, Matamala, Roser, McFarland, Jack, McGuire, A. David, Michelsen, Anders, Minions, Christina, Oechel, Walter C., Olefeldt, David, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Pirk, Norbert, Poulter, Ben, Quinton, William, Rezanezhad, Fereidoun, Risk, David, Sachs, Torsten, Schaefer, Kevin, Schmidt, Niels M., Schuur, Edward A. G., Semenchuk, Philipp R., Shaver, Gaius, Sonnentag, Oliver, Starr, Gregory, Treat, Claire C., Waldrop, Mark P., Wang, Yihui, Welker, Jeffrey, Wille, Christian, Xu, Xiaofeng, Zhang, Zhen, Zhuang, Qianlai, and Zona, Donatella

Published
2019
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43. Bacterioplankton dispersal and biogeochemical function across Alaskan Arctic catchments

Author

Lee, Raymond M., primary, Griffin, Natasha, additional, Jones, Erin, additional, Abbott, Benjamin W., additional, Frei, Rebecca J., additional, Bratsman, Samuel, additional, Proteau, Mary, additional, Errigo, Isabella M., additional, Shogren, Arial, additional, Bowden, William B., additional, Zarnetske, Jay P., additional, and Aanderud, Zachary T., additional

Published
2022
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44. Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic

Author

Schuur, Edward A.G., primary, Abbott, Benjamin W., additional, Commane, Roisin, additional, Ernakovich, Jessica, additional, Euskirchen, Eugenie, additional, Hugelius, Gustaf, additional, Grosse, Guido, additional, Jones, Miriam, additional, Koven, Charlie, additional, Leshyk, Victor, additional, Lawrence, David, additional, Loranty, Michael M., additional, Mauritz, Marguerite, additional, Olefeldt, David, additional, Natali, Susan, additional, Rodenhizer, Heidi, additional, Salmon, Verity, additional, Schädel, Christina, additional, Strauss, Jens, additional, Treat, Claire, additional, and Turetsky, Merritt, additional

Published
2022
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46. We Must Stop Fossil Fuel Emissions to Protect Permafrost Ecosystems

Author

Abbott, Benjamin W., primary, Brown, Michael, additional, Carey, Joanna C., additional, Ernakovich, Jessica, additional, Frederick, Jennifer M., additional, Guo, Laodong, additional, Hugelius, Gustaf, additional, Lee, Raymond M., additional, Loranty, Michael M., additional, Macdonald, Robie, additional, Mann, Paul J., additional, Natali, Susan M., additional, Olefeldt, David, additional, Pearson, Pam, additional, Rec, Abigail, additional, Robards, Martin, additional, Salmon, Verity G., additional, Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, additional, Schädel, Christina, additional, Schuur, Edward A. G., additional, Shakil, Sarah, additional, Shogren, Arial J., additional, Strauss, Jens, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Thornton, Brett F., additional, Treharne, Rachael, additional, Turetsky, Merritt, additional, Voigt, Carolina, additional, Wright, Nancy, additional, Yang, Yuanhe, additional, Zarnetske, Jay P., additional, Zhang, Qiwen, additional, and Zolkos, Scott, additional

Published
2022
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47. We Must Stop Fossil Fuel Emissions to Protect Permafrost Ecosystems

Author

Abbott, Benjamin W., Brown, Michael, Carey, Joanna C., Ernakovich, Jessica, Frederick, Jennifer, Guo, Laodong, Hugelius, Gustaf, Lee, Raymond M., Loranty, Michael M., Macdonald, Robie W, Mann, Paul James, Natali, Sue M., Olefeldt, David, Pearson, Pam, Rec, Abigail, Robards, Martin, Salmon, Verity G., Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, Schädel, Christina, Schuur, Edward. A. G., Shakil, Sarah, Shogren, Arial J., Strauss, Jens, Tank, Suzanne E, Thornton, Brett F., Treharne, Rachael, Turetsky, Merritt, Voigt, Carolina, Wright, Nancy, Yang, Yuanhe, Zarnetske, Jay P., Zhang, Qiwen, Zolkos, Scott, Abbott, Benjamin W., Brown, Michael, Carey, Joanna C., Ernakovich, Jessica, Frederick, Jennifer, Guo, Laodong, Hugelius, Gustaf, Lee, Raymond M., Loranty, Michael M., Macdonald, Robie W, Mann, Paul James, Natali, Sue M., Olefeldt, David, Pearson, Pam, Rec, Abigail, Robards, Martin, Salmon, Verity G., Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, Schädel, Christina, Schuur, Edward. A. G., Shakil, Sarah, Shogren, Arial J., Strauss, Jens, Tank, Suzanne E, Thornton, Brett F., Treharne, Rachael, Turetsky, Merritt, Voigt, Carolina, Wright, Nancy, Yang, Yuanhe, Zarnetske, Jay P., Zhang, Qiwen, and Zolkos, Scott

Abstract

Climate change is an existential threat to the vast global permafrost domain. The diverse human cultures, ecological communities, and biogeochemical cycles of this tenth of the planet depend on the persistence of frozen conditions. The complexity, immensity, and remoteness of permafrost ecosystems make it difficult to grasp how quickly things are changing and what can be done about it. Here, we summarize terrestrial and marine changes in the permafrost domain with an eye toward global policy. While many questions remain, we know that continued fossil fuel burning is incompatible with the continued existence of the permafrost domain as we know it. If we fail to protect permafrost ecosystems, the consequences for human rights, biosphere integrity, and global climate will be severe. The policy implications are clear: the faster we reduce human emissions and draw down atmospheric CO2, the more of the permafrost domain we can save. Emissions reduction targets must be strengthened and accompanied by support for local peoples to protect intact ecological communities and natural carbon sinks within the permafrost domain. Some proposed geoengineering interventions such as solar shading, surface albedo modification, and vegetation manipulations are unproven and may exacerbate environmental injustice without providing lasting protection. Conversely, astounding advances in renewable energy have reopened viable pathways to halve human greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and effectively stop them well before 2050. We call on leaders, corporations, researchers, and citizens everywhere to acknowledge the global importance of the permafrost domain and work towards climate restoration and empowerment of Indigenous and immigrant communities in these regions.

Published
2022

48. Permafrost and Climate Change : Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic

Author

Schuur, Edward A. G., Abbott, Benjamin W., Commane, Roisin, Ernakovich, Jessica, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Hugelius, Gustaf, Grosse, Guido, Jones, Miriam, Koven, Charlie, Leshyk, Victor, Lawrence, David, Loranty, Michael M., Mauritz, Marguerite, Olefeldt, David, Natali, Susan, Rodenhizer, Heidi, Salmon, Verity, Schädel, Christina, Strauss, Jens, Treat, Claire, Turetsky, Merritt, Schuur, Edward A. G., Abbott, Benjamin W., Commane, Roisin, Ernakovich, Jessica, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Hugelius, Gustaf, Grosse, Guido, Jones, Miriam, Koven, Charlie, Leshyk, Victor, Lawrence, David, Loranty, Michael M., Mauritz, Marguerite, Olefeldt, David, Natali, Susan, Rodenhizer, Heidi, Salmon, Verity, Schädel, Christina, Strauss, Jens, Treat, Claire, and Turetsky, Merritt

Abstract

Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding how much permafrost carbon will be released, over what time frame, and what the relative emissions of carbon dioxide and methane will be is key for understanding the impact on global climate. In addition, the response of vegetation in a warming climate has the potential to offset at least some of the accelerating feedback to the climate from permafrost carbon. Temperature, organic carbon, and ground ice are key regulators for determining the impact of permafrost ecosystems on the global carbon cycle. Together, these encompass services of permafrost relevant to global society as well as to the people living in the region and help to determine the landscape-level response of this region to a changing climate.

Published
2022
Full Text
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49. Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic

Author

Schuur, Edward AG, Abbott, Benjamin W, Commane, Roisin, Ernakovich, Jessica, Euskirchen, Eugenie S, Hugelius, Gustaf, Grosse, Guido, Jones, Miriam C, Koven, Charles, Leshyk, Victor, Lawrence, David M, Loranty, Michael M, Mauritz, Marguerite, Olefeldt, David, Natali, Susan M, Rodenhizer, Heidi, Salmon, Verity G, Schädel, Christina, Strauss, Jens, Treat, Claire, Turetsky, Merritt R, Schuur, Edward AG, Abbott, Benjamin W, Commane, Roisin, Ernakovich, Jessica, Euskirchen, Eugenie S, Hugelius, Gustaf, Grosse, Guido, Jones, Miriam C, Koven, Charles, Leshyk, Victor, Lawrence, David M, Loranty, Michael M, Mauritz, Marguerite, Olefeldt, David, Natali, Susan M, Rodenhizer, Heidi, Salmon, Verity G, Schädel, Christina, Strauss, Jens, Treat, Claire, and Turetsky, Merritt R

Abstract

Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding how much permafrost carbon will be released, over what time frame, and what the relative emissions of carbon dioxide and methane will be is key for understanding the impact on global climate. In addition, the response of vegetation in a warming climate has the potential to offset at least some of the accelerating feedback to the climate from permafrost carbon. Temperature, organic carbon, and ground ice are key regulators for determining the impact of permafrost ecosystems on the global carbon cycle. Together, these encompass services of permafrost relevant to global society as well as to the people living in the region and help to determine the landscape-level response of this region to a changing climate.

Published
2022

50. We Must Stop Fossil Fuel Emissions to Protect Permafrost Ecosystems

Author

Abbott, Benjamin W, Brown, Michael, Carey, Joanna C, Ernakovich, Jessica, Frederick, Jennifer, Guo, Laodong, Hugelius, Gustaf, Lee, Raymond M, Loranty, Michael M, Macdonald, Robie W, Mann, Paul James, Natali, Sue M, Olefeldt, David, Pearson, Pam, Rec, Abigail, Robards, Martin, Salmon, Verity G, Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, Schädel, Christina, Schuur, Edward AG, Shakil, Sarah, Shogren, Arial J, Strauss, Jens, Tank, Suzanne E, Thornton, Brett F, Treharne, Rachael, Turetsky, Merritt, Voigt, Carolina, Wright, Nancy, Yang, Yuanhe, Zarnetske, Jay P, Zhang, Qiwen, Zolkos, Scott, Abbott, Benjamin W, Brown, Michael, Carey, Joanna C, Ernakovich, Jessica, Frederick, Jennifer, Guo, Laodong, Hugelius, Gustaf, Lee, Raymond M, Loranty, Michael M, Macdonald, Robie W, Mann, Paul James, Natali, Sue M, Olefeldt, David, Pearson, Pam, Rec, Abigail, Robards, Martin, Salmon, Verity G, Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, Schädel, Christina, Schuur, Edward AG, Shakil, Sarah, Shogren, Arial J, Strauss, Jens, Tank, Suzanne E, Thornton, Brett F, Treharne, Rachael, Turetsky, Merritt, Voigt, Carolina, Wright, Nancy, Yang, Yuanhe, Zarnetske, Jay P, Zhang, Qiwen, and Zolkos, Scott

Abstract

Climate change is an existential threat to the vast global permafrost domain. The diverse human cultures, ecological communities, and biogeochemical cycles of this tenth of the planet depend on the persistence of frozen conditions. The complexity, immensity, and remoteness of permafrost ecosystems make it difficult to grasp how quickly things are changing and what can be done about it. Here, we summarize terrestrial and marine changes in the permafrost domain with an eye toward global policy. While many questions remain, we know that continued fossil fuel burning is incompatible with the continued existence of the permafrost domain as we know it. If we fail to protect permafrost ecosystems, the consequences for human rights, biosphere integrity, and global climate will be severe. The policy implications are clear: the faster we reduce human emissions and draw down atmospheric CO2, the more of the permafrost domain we can save. Emissions reduction targets must be strengthened and accompanied by support for local peoples to protect intact ecological communities and natural carbon sinks within the permafrost domain. Some proposed geoengineering interventions such as solar shading, surface albedo modification, and vegetation manipulations are unproven and may exacerbate environmental injustice without providing lasting protection. Conversely, astounding advances in renewable energy have reopened viable pathways to halve human greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and effectively stop them well before 2050. We call on leaders, corporations, researchers, and citizens everywhere to acknowledge the global importance of the permafrost domain and work towards climate restoration and empowerment of Indigenous and immigrant communities in these regions.

Published
2022

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