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Background: Infective endocarditis occurs due to the presence of microorganisms in the endocardium or the heart valves. Nowadays, infective endocarditis is still a major cause of death with an incidence rate of 5 to 7.9 per 100,000 populations. The aim of the study was to determine antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial agents isolated from blood culture of patients with infective endocarditis. Methods: In this retrospective study, infective endocarditis patients who were admitted to Sina and Ekbatan hospitals in Hamadan City, Iran, from March 2005 to February 2014, were enrolled. All demographic data, clinical manifestations, physical examinations and echocardiography reports of the patients were recorded in a check list. For all patients, blood cultures in Mueller Hinton agar and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, oxacillin, cefazolin, vancomycin, imipenem, clindamycin, etc. were done by disk diffusion method. All data analyzed by SPSS statistical software, version 16 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A total of 61 patients with definitive infective endocarditis were included in the study, 50 of them (82%) were males and 11 patients (18%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 37.45±14.79 (range 17-74) years and 37 (60.7%) of the patients lived in urban areas. The mean duration of admission was 20±13.59 days. In addition, 38 patients (62.3%) were injection drug users (IDUs) and 23 (37.7%) non-IDU. Meanwhile, 54 (88.5%) of them had normal valve endocarditis and 7 cases (11.5%) had a prosthetic valve endocarditis. Moreover, the most common underlying disease in the natural valve endocarditis was rheumatoid fever (6.6%). Blood cultures were positive in 44.3% of the patients. The most common isolated organism was staphylococcus aureus in 15 cases (55.55%), which had the highest resistance to oxacillin. Most patients were managed by antibiotic therapy, but 15 cases (24.6%) underwent cardiac surgery. In follow up patients between 3 months to 9 years, 19.7% of the patients had complete recovery and 8.2% of them died. Conclusion: According to the findings, antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial agents isolated from blood culture of patients with infective endocarditis was changed.

Background: Prenatal care reduces the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the effect of health literacy education on self-care in pregnant women. Methods: The present randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at two comprehensive health service centers in Pakdasht (Tehran province, Iran) during January-June 2016. Out of the ten comprehensive health service centers in the city, two centers were selected using a simple randomized sampling and randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group. From each center, 40 pregnant women were recruited into the study. Dedicated questionnaires on self-care and health literacy during pregnancy were developed by the author as data collection tool. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed using the test-retest reliability method and by the opinion of ten experts, respectively. The questionnaires were completed before the intervention, and at 1 and 2 months after the intervention. The intervention consisted of four 45-minute educational sessions and group counseling. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 16.0) with the independent t test, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and repeated measures ANOVA. P

A ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm rarely accompanies the aortic and tricuspid valve endocarditis. A 36-year-old woman presented with low-threshold dyspnea on exertion and fever. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed a ruptured noncoronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with large vegetations on the tricuspid and aortic valves, resulting in moderately severe tricuspid regurgitation and severe aortic regurgitation. Blood culture was negative. The patient was initially treated with antibiotics and then subjected to the surgical repair of the sinus of Valsalva aneurysm and the tricuspid and aortic valve replacement. The patient's postoperative period was uneventful, and she was discharged healthy.

The fish diversity and distribution investigated in the Mahabad-Chai river of the Lake Urmia basin, over the years 1998-1999. Gillnet, beach seine, cast net and electro-shocker used to catch fishes seasonally in 16 stations within 5 regions of the river. We identified 18 species of fish belonging to four families of the bony fishes. The family Cyprinidae with 15 species was the most abundant comprising 98.2 % of the catch, present in all the stations. Families Balitoridae, Siluridae and Poeciliidae were represented only by one species and were the least aboundant, with the Balitoridae being present in all the stations. Of the identified fish species, Capoeta capoeta was the most aboundant, Chalcalburnus atropatenae was the second most abundant and Acanthalburnus urmianus was the third most abundant comprising 41.61%, 34.16% and 7.91% of the catch respectively. The least aboundant species were Abramis brama and Gambusia holbrooki with other 13 species coming in between in all regions while other species were present only in some of the regions. Of the identified fish species 11 were native and seven were alien species introduced by Caspian Sea Bony Fishes Research Center. Presence of Pseudorasbora parva and Rhodeus sericeus amarus reported for the first time in the region. Also, among the identified fish, Leuciscus ulanus, Ch. atropatenae and A. urmianus are endemic to Iran, living in the Lake Urmia basin. Having a small stock and narrow distribution in the wild, the Leuciscus ulanus is of especial importance to the fishery managers.

To evaluate spawning status of Vimba vimba ,population in Sefid-roud river, 621 breeders, 1136 larvae, fries and fingerlings were caught in the river using beach seine, cast-net and electro-choker over the years 1999-2000. We found that the fish started spawning migration in March and continued it until July with its peak occurring between mid-April to late-May. Fork length was 116 - 208 mm (153.1 ± 17.95) in male specimens and 122 - 222 mm (173.5 ± 1 6.46) in females. Total body weight ranged 21.1-116.1g (52.92 ± 19.23) in males and 23.1 - 170.0 g (77.90 ± 22.88) in females. Males aged 2-6 years (3.53±0.86) and females aged 3-7 years (4.19±0.92) participated in the spawning with their maturity age being calculated as 2 and 3 years respectively. In all, breeders were composed of 51.82% males and 48.18% females with the ratio being significantly different only in May. Gonad weight was 1.13-7.92 g (Avg. 2.89±0.29) in males and 3.21-25.47g (Avg. 10.40±1.52) in females. We found the highest gonad weight for the fish in June and that the gonad weight in female breeders increased upwards of the estuary. Gonado-somatic index was 19-21% in 85.7% of the females and 3-8% in 95.5% of the males. Spawning of the species took place during day and night from late May to late June with its peak in May in water temperature ranging 18-29 degrees centigrade on pebble and gravel pounds from 25 to 75kms away from estuary. The Disaam tributary was distinguished as the major spawning area for the species.

The coastal area of the water and drought graft area and the common area of the performance of two ecosystems with separate characteristics are one another. Coastal environment is a natural evolutionary system that includes the most complex and, at the same time, the richest ecosystems on the planet. This region is a transitional and highly vulnerable region and is endangered by the accumulation of pollutants due to the acceptance of drought and marine pollutants. Marine pollution and the effects of drought activities that are the result of socioeconomic development on the coastline and its catchments are one of the most important issues in most of the world, which directly affects coastal habitats. According to research conducted in Iran on identifying areas and sensitive resources, these areas and resources are divided into two distinct groups: 1) The group of biologically sensitive resources: includes mangrove forests, coral reefs, marine turtles, aquatic birds, marine plants and marine mammals. 2) The group of sensitive physical resources: includes the physical building of beaches in the sub-sections of mud, sand, rocky and hydrographic forms of shores in aquatic, estuarine, clay and small bay. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

The Lake Vahdat’s dam ( Kordkandi reservoir ) is located in 75 kilometers eastern of Tabriz in the East of Azerbaijan province With 37°59’ and 46°55’of latitude and attitude ,respectively. The purpose of the Dam is, storage of 6 million m3 of Ojan chai river for aquaculture use in the region. This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of increasing production in the Vahdat’s Dam and some biotic and abiotic factors of lake, such as physico-chemical properties of water, planktons, bentics, icthiology and characteristics of lake's bed were focused. Due to the area of the lake and proximity of the stations to each other, the entrance and estuary of the river as one station and lake as the second station were designated. In the case of phytoplankton, 42 genera were identified from 5 phylom, with 59% Cyanophyta and 21.5% for chlorophylls. For zooplankton, the highest frequency and variety related to the Rotatoria were 50.9% in the spring , which fed by fish and their larvae due to Omega-3 fatty acide. After Rotatoria, Ciliaphora were the most frequent. For Bentics, two sampling steps were carried out in the winter of 2007 and spring of 2008. The high biomass of Tubificidae was showed 0.034 gr ) 84.35/ m3)and 0.42 gr (143.7 /m2) in the winter of 2007 and spring of 2008, respectively. For Ictiology study, the high percentage frequency of fish related to Carassius auratus 42% and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 38%. The biodiversity of fishes in the lake were confirmed by 12.5 % Alburnus hohenackeri , 87.5 % Carassius gibelio, Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Hemiculter leucisculus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Ctenopharyngodon idella. One of the most important environmental factors for aquaculture is temperature condition.Now, warm water fish were farmed in the behind of the Dam. The optimal temperature for these fish should be 15-30 ° C. According to the synoptic station of Bostanabad, the temperature of the study area of the Wahdat’s Dam is more than 15 ° C in the four months of the year (from June to September) which is suitable for aquaculture of Cyprinidae. The ice freeze days of the Bostanabad is about 124.6 days , anually. Therefore, the production of warm water fish has been faced with extreme temperature limitation in this lake and only in the short time of the year (mid-spring to end of summer) favorble condition exist for warm water fish farming. Based on the average area of the lake, the production capacity of Cilver Carp and Big head is estimated to be 2.34 and 1.73 tons,respectively.Therefore, assuming of average weight ( 15-20 gr) of fingerlings, 10000 and 7500 number of fingerling shoud be needed for silver carp and big head,repectively.accurding to decresing of variety of bentices founa,increasing of carp production or any other bentic feeder species is needed to manually feeding.In addition to the favorable chemical conditions of water for aquaculture and due to the limited volume of water during summer and suitable temprature of water in spring and fall can farm the fish in the top of the dam. In this regard (HDPEG) cages was established with 750 m3 and 800-1000 number of fish per cge ( 60% cilver carp, 20% big head, 20% carp)with 4.5 ton potential of production. The suitable dimensions of cage are 25-30 diameter, 5 height.There are ten cages fed by artificial food and natural production. Of course there is tourism potential opportunity which can think about that in this area. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This paper proposes a framework to perform a techno-economic evaluation of communication networks of industrial networks. Since SDN and NFV promise cost savings, our solution aims at evaluating quantitatively the savings compared with existing solutions. The framework has been applied to the particular case of wind parks.

The limnological study of the Golabar dam showed that in the Glabar dam inspite of bing its early establishment due to high nutrient and organic matter is located in eutrophic stage. the pH as well as bicarbonate levels shows that buffering capacity of the lake is high and the value of inorganic and organic matter measured are not considered as limiting factor for warme and cold water aquaculture. In the plankton survey 44 species of phytoplankton and 25 species of zooplankton were identified. Cyclotella , Nitzschia, Synedra and Trachelomona from phytoplankton and Polyarthera , Keratella , Filinia , Pompholyx from zooplankton were the dominant spicies.the Bacillariophyta from phytoplankton with 76.5 percent and Rotatoria zooplankton to with 76.2 percent considered the highest abundant . The average frequency of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 5*106 and 723 individual per litter. The Shironomide and Tobificide were the only two bentic group were identified in reservoir wehre their mean frequced were 293.75 and 224.30 respectively. The average biomass of bentic organism were 1.44±0.97 gr/m2.In the survey 12 species of fishes were identified. The potential natural production have been estimated to be 2.8 to 15.5 kg for bentivorous fish and varied from 53 to 175 kg /hec for plankton consumer fishes .The low temperature in several months as well as ice covered of the lake surface in particular in the months of duty and Bahman are the limiting factor of either warm or cold water fish production.

This study focused on population structure, biodiversity, and abundance of the Chitgar Lake fishes in October 2014. Based on the lake location fishes samples were collected at 34 stations in water body. In this study identified 8 family belong to 18 species comprised of Cyprinidae (11 species), Cichlidae (one species), Loricariidae (one species), Pangasiidae (one species), Serrasalmidae (one species), Poeciliidea (one species), Salmonidae (one species), and Scaridae (one species) were Identified. Among the fishes just one native fish from Capoeta bohsei species observed during the study. The dominant lake fishes were invasive species Hemiculter leucisculus, Alburnus hohenackeri, Carassius auratus, Carassius gibelio and Pseudorasbora parva. The highest abundance of fishes were H. leucisculus 62 % and A. hohenackeri 35 % by Seine net. Furthermore, those were dominant abundance (69 and 12 % respectively) in Gill net method. Finally in Cast net method A. hohenackeri 38 %, Pseudorasbora parva 21 % and H. leucisculus 17 % were dominated in the shore region. The lowest fishes abundance were P. hypophthalmus and Parrotfish. Overall more than 90 % of the fishes population were invasive and alien species. Thus, the present of invasive fishes and predator fishes luck in the Chitgar lake might be reason for ecosystem ruin, algae bloom, feed competitive, fish disease and trophy level rises. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This study focused on identification phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, fishes and relationship between biotic and abiotic parameters at three stations in the Kan river during 2014. This study identified 19 phytoplankton taxa. The findings showed, the diatoms abundance were dominated in the river. The chlorophytes abundance were recorded the lowest abundance in this study. The nutrients and water temperature were the significant abiotic parameters to increase cyanophytes and chlorophytes abundance in the Kan river. This study identified 26 zooplankton taxa. The Rotatoria and Protozoa abundance were dominated in the Kan river. Based on CCA, there was no correlation between abundance zooplankton and abiotic parameters. The biodiversity index of plankton was between 1.8 and 2 and the lake situation is located in the mesotrophic category. The study of the Kan river fishes showed, only one endemic fish species Capoeta bohsei. The length (between 38 and 270 mm, average 144±86 mm) and weight (between 1.1 and 356 g, average 108.8±146.7 g) of the C. bohsei were varied during the study period. The 19 benthos taxa were identified. The Ephemeroptera was most abundant in the benthos groups. The classification of river based on biology indicator and environmental parameters confimed that water quality is located in the moderate category. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This study focused on identification phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, fishes and relationship between biotic and abiotic parameters at three stations in the Kan river during 2014. This study identified 19 phytoplankton taxa. The findings showed, the diatoms abundance were dominated in the river. The chlorophytes abundance were recorded the lowest abundance in this study. The nutrients and water temperature were the significant abiotic parameters to increase cyanophytes and chlorophytes abundance in the Kan river. This study identified 26 zooplankton taxa. The Rotatoria and Protozoa abundance were dominated in the Kan river. Based on CCA, there was no correlation between abundance zooplankton and abiotic parameters. The biodiversity index of plankton was between 1.8 and 2 and the lake situation is located in the mesotrophic category. The study of the Kan river fishes showed, only one endemic fish species Capoeta bohsei. The length (between 38 and 270 mm, average 144±86 mm) and weight (between 1.1 and 356 g, average 108.8±146.7 g) of the C. bohsei were varied during the study period. The 19 benthos taxa were identified. The Ephemeroptera was most abundant in the benthos groups. The classification of river based on biology indicator and environmental parameters confimed that water quality is located in the moderate category.

This study aimed to identify of helminth parasites in some native and economic fish of Anzali wetland was performed . 314 fish specimens, including:Alburnus hohenackeri (60 Specimen), Blicca bjoerkna (75 Specimen), Hemiculter leucisculus (75 Specimen), Pseudorasbora parva (52 pcs) Rhodeus amarus (52 Specimen), from Cyprinidae (Cyprinidae), during 1 year (2012-2013) and seasonally, from three different stations (Shijan, Pirbazar and Pasikhan) via gill net (50-70 mm) and fyke net were sampled. Samples were transported to the Inlandwater Aquaculture Institute in Bandar Anzali. In the laboratory,After biometry and determine the age and sex of fish, different body parts for searching of parasites were checked and parasites by using identification keys were identified. As a result of this study, 9 species of helminth parasites of fishes were identified include: Gyrodactylus sp., Dactylogyrus sphyrna , Dactylogyrus sp., Ligula intestinalis, Diplostomum paraspathaceum, Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum cuticola and Rhabdochona denudate.The highest frequency of parasites in trematodes (in 5 fish species studied) and the minimum frequency in cestodes (each at 1 fish species studied) were seen. According to statistical analysis using Chi-Square test and KruskalWallis, the pollution of the sex, weight, length and sampling stations, there is no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This study focused on population structure, biodiversity, and abundance of the Chitgar Lake fishes in October 2014. Based on the lake location fishes samples were collected at 34 stations in water body. In this study identified 8 family belong to 18 species comprised of Cyprinidae (11 species), Cichlidae (one species), Loricariidae (one species), Pangasiidae (one species), Serrasalmidae (one species), Poeciliidea (one species), Salmonidae (one species), and Scaridae (one species) were Identified. Among the fishes just one native fish from Capoeta bohsei species observed during the study. The dominant lake fishes were invasive species Hemiculter leucisculus, Alburnus hohenackeri, Carassius auratus, Carassius gibelio and Pseudorasbora parva. The highest abundance of fishes were H. leucisculus 62 % and A. hohenackeri 35 % by Seine net. Furthermore, those were dominant abundance (69 and 12 % respectively) in Gill net method. Finally in Cast net method A. hohenackeri 38 %, Pseudorasbora parva 21 % and H. leucisculus 17 % were dominated in the shore region. The lowest fishes abundance were P. hypophthalmus and Parrotfish. Overall more than 90 % of the fishes population were invasive and alien species. Thus, the present of invasive fishes and predator fishes luck in the Chitgar lake might be reason for ecosystem ruin, algae bloom, feed competitive, fish disease and trophy level rises.

A mass-balance Ecopath model of coastal areas in the Caspian Sea has been constructed for a quantitative description of the trophic structure of the ecosystem. The model is used to estimate the important biological parameters and relationships among the different ecologically important groups. Twenty five species were used in the present analysis. The model is based on the data collected of Kilka fisheries, beach seining (Bony fish fisheries), and set Gillnet (Sturgeon Fisheries) and also dietary information. Total landings along the Iranian portion of southern Caspian coast reached 39647 t, including sturgeon (41 t), kilka (22873 t) and bony fishes (16733 t) in 2014. Two species of kilka (Common kilka and Anchovy) are important commercially in the Caspian Sea, together accounting in the past decade for > 60 % of the total catch, as well as being a crucial part of the food chain. The mean average trophic level was estimated at 3.17 by Ecopath software. In this research, the mean level were studied between eight species varied from 2.56 to 4.04, Sander lucioperca occupy the highest and the as vimba vimba was the lowest level. The ranges of total mortality varied from 0.5 to 2.56 per years. The food consumption rate was estimated about 101.56 per year Mixd trophic level index (MTI) showed small pelagic fishes as prey, have crucial role in feeding of pelagic predators population such as invasion of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, bream fish and benthic fish such as sturgeon. In general, niche overlap was greater in more species such as Alburnus chalcoides, Rutilus rutilus, Clupeonella cultriventris, Rutilus kutum and M. leidyi who consumed large amounts of plankton. In conclusion small pelagic fish exert a major control on the trophic dynamics of the Caspian Sea ecosystems and constitute midtrophic-level populations.

Background: Many patients with mitral valve diseases need surgical procedures for the repair or replacement of their mitral valve. There is a great deal of controversy over the outcomes of the transseptal (TS) and left atrial (LA) approaches to the mitral valve. We sought to evaluate the outcomes of each approach more accurately by eliminating the possible biases in case selection and matching. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who had surgery for mitral valve diseases via either the TS approach or the LA approach between 2004 and 2011 in Tehran Heart Center. Patients with surgical approaches other than the TS and LA were excluded. To control for the confounding effects, a propensity score matching technique was applied and the patients were matched for 14 demographic and preoperative variables. After the selection of controls, the effect of the TS approach (163 patients) versus the LA approach (652 patients) on the outcomes was presented through odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.15 ± 12.02 years in the TS group and 52.93 ± 13.56 years in the LA group. Females comprised 119 (73.0%) patients in the TS group and 462 (70.9%) in the LA group. There was a significant association in the prevalence of new postoperative atrial fibrillation in the two groups (OR = 1.539, 95%CI: 1.072-2.210; p value = 0.019). Temporary pacemaker placement had no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p value = 0.418). The TS patients had significantly longer pump (p value < 0.001) and cross-clamp (p value < 0.001) times. The mortality rate was 4.1% (27 patients) in the LA group and 6.1% (10 patients) in the TS group (p value = 0.274). Conclusion: In our study population, the TS approach was associated with higher pump and cross-clamp times as well as risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation, but it did not increase the rates of permanent pacemaker placement, re-operations, and mortality.

This study aimed to determine and comparison of age composition, sex ratio, growth model, and fecundity of the populations of Rhodeus amarus in Sefidrood River and Siyahrood River. In total 423 fish were caught monthly from February to June 2013. In Sefidrood River, were abundant males (58.2%) than females (41.8%) and in Siyahrood River, females (59.4%) than males (40.6%) and it was different from standard ratio (1male:1female). The fishes in Siyahrood River have had 1+ till 8+ years old and in Sefidrood River 1+ till 9. The average of total length and body weight was 47.9±10.4 mm and 1.98±1.4g in Siyahrood River and 56.3±7.3 mm and 2.88±1.0 g in Sefidrood River, respectively and there were significant statistical differences between these parameters in both rivers(p

This study was conducted in the Chitgar Lake in 2014. Chitgar Lake, 130 hectares in area is an artificial lake located in the north-west of Tehran City, Iran. For the first time the seasonal sampling of fish was done by three fishing methods gill net, cast net and beach seine, and a random sample of 3160 fish was collected. Some morphometric and meristic factors of samples were studied in the laboratory, and the distribution, abundance and species composition were determined. According to the results obtained, 95% of fish population was comprised of aggressive species such as; Hemiculter leucisculus, Pseudoras boraparva and Alburnus hohenackeri. There are 14 fish species in the lake, 9 species of which belong to the Cyprinidae family, 2 species including Capoeta buhsei and Capoeta capoeta are the only native species.