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Tourism industry is the lifeblood of many developing economies across the globe, and India is a hotspot of diverse cultural heritage and a beautiful natural landscape that has emerged as an attractive tourism destination recently. However, the global challenges of greenhouse gas emission have been acting as a detriment in sustainable tourism-led economic growth for India. In this study, the relationship between economic growth, hydropower consumption, and CO2 emission has been revisited for India by including tourism polynomials and energy intensity in the Environmental Kuznets Curve specification. The unique outcome provides evidence of "Inverted N-shaped" relationship between tourism and CO2 emission. Further, the negative impact of hydropower consumption suggests that a higher proportion of hydropower in the Indian energy mix would help to achieve its sustainable development goals while accelerating its economic growth. The outcome suggests sustainable tourism practices aligned with capital investment and hydropower promotion to achieve environmental sustainability in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the relationship between globalization, GDP, the carbon intensity of GDP, patents, and its effect on consumption-based carbon emissions (CCO2E). For analysis, novel econometric approaches include nonlinear ARDL and Fourier ARDL, and for robustness, dynamic OLS applied. The results from cointegration tests reveal that there exists a significant long-run relationship between CCO2E, globalization, economic growth, patents, and the carbon intensity of GDP. Additionally, the empirical results indicate that only positive shock in patents on environmental innovations have a negative and significant impact on CCO2E, while positive and negative shocks in GDP and carbon intensity of GDP significantly increase CCO2E. However, only a negative shock in globalization demonstrates the increase in CCO2E. Also, dynamic OLS findings confirmed the robustness. Given the outcome, it is recommended that the Danish government be cautious when approving policies intended to increase economic growth, as this could negatively affect environmental sustainability. More so, research and development must contribute to technological advancement in the Danish manufacturing sector. Despite this, it is important to prioritize patent promotion. Patent protection can enable Denmark to develop eco-friendly technologies that can reduce carbon emissions, thus enabling life to be more sustainable by utilizing fewer resources and energy. Denmark can reduce CO2E and foster economic development through a strong patent system on environmental technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iceland aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040 and to cut carbon emissions by 40% by 2030 under the Paris Agreement. Iceland’s major policy instrument for reaching its emissions reduction and carbon neutrality objectives is a Climate Action Plan, which was amended in 2020 and included 48 initiatives. Therefore, the research investigates the impact of carbon intensity, economic growth, globalization, and energy productivity on consumption-based emissions in Iceland from 1995Q1 to 2019Q4. The Fourier Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (FARDL) is used in this study to investigate the ramifications of a long-term association. Long-run estimations demonstrate that Iceland’s environmental quality is deteriorating due to carbon intensity and economic development. It implies that increasing the carbon intensity and economic growth is environmentally damaging. Furthermore, economic expansion has a significant impact on environmental sustainability. Increased energy production also decreases consumption-based emissions, which contributes significantly to Iceland’s sustainable environment. Globalization has a positive and significant influence. A 1% rise in globalization, in particular, enhances consumption-based emissions over time. The finding is crucial for policy preferences and might be used to implement robust policy measures to address environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity usage plays a vital role in raising the massive growth in the economy; also, the industrial sector is the key factor of overall energy demand closely related to the economy. The study aims to contribute in two ways. First, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) estimates electricity consumption in Pakistan during 1970-2018 to find the relationship between electricity consumption, price, and real gross domestic product. Second, decomposing the overall impact of an unexpected shock on each variable's Dynamic Variance Decomposition Technique applied. The empirical analysis shows that the factors are co-integrated. The results also indicate the long-run relationship between electricity consumption, price, and real gross domestic product in the industrial sector. Further, the VECM analysis responses are also confirmed by the variance decomposition method. The findings confirm the potential of the industrial sector. We propose that formalized and proper assurance of electricity needs and demands at a reasonable price can boost the local industry's confidence and attract foreign investors. However, a strong governance structure should be extended to the public sector to ensure policies that priorities the distribution of energy to businesses for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]