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Background: Research has shown that the tendency to addiction is influenced by personality characteristics and through mediating variables including emotional well-being as emotional and cognition values and mental experience of positive emotions and life satisfaction. but there is a research gap in the researched population. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating structural equation modeling of the relationship between personality traits and addiction tendencies in adolescents: the mediating role of emotional well-being. Methods: This research was of a descriptive-correlation type with structural equations. The statistical population of the present study was all male students of the second secondary level of public high schools in Rasht city in the academic year of 2019-2019, numbering 16451 students. In order to determine the sample size, the number of 300 male students was selected multi stage cluster sampling method and completed the five-factor questionnaires of Neo personality of Costa & McCrae (1970), emotional well-being scale of Keyes and Magyarmo (2003) and Farjad addiction tendency questionnaire (2006) were completed. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, path analysis and structural equations and with spss 19 and amos 22 software. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of extroversion (0.21) and emotional irritation (0.22) on addiction tendency is positive and significant (P < 0.05). Also, the indirect effect of psychological irritation through emotional well-being on addiction tendency was significant. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be said that the personality traits of extroversion and neuroticism directly and neuroticism indirectly had an effect on the level of addiction tendency, Therefore, focusing on the results of the current research, can be to reduce the tendency to addiction in adolescents.

Introduction: Over the past few decades, the phenomenon of addiction has increased all over the world for various reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate structural modeling of the relationship between spiritual health with addiction tendency in adolescents with the mediating role of emotional well-being. Methods: This research was descriptive-correlation based on the model of structural equations. The statistical population of this research included all the male students of the second secondary level of public high schools in Rasht City in the year of 2021. From this community, 300 qualified volunteers have been selected for the study by the multistage cluster sampling method. Three standard questionnaires, including Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Well-Being Scale (1982), Keyes and Magyar-Moe subjective well-being (2003), and Mousavi et al Addiction Tendency Scale (2008) were used for data collection. Evaluation of the proposed model was done through structural equations; amos24 software was utilized to analyze the findings. Results: The results showed that the relationship between spiritual health and addiction tendency, also relationship between emotional well-being and addiction tendency were negative and significant (P

Abstract Background Despite the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), it remains under-utilized, particularly by women. This study compared CR barriers between non-enrolling men and women in Iran, which has among the lowest gender equality globally. Methods In this cross-sectional study, CR barriers were assessed via phone interview in phase II non-attenders from March 2017 to February 2018 with the Persian version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-P). T-tests were used to compare scores, with each of 18 barriers scored out of 5, between men and women. Results 357 (33.9%) of the sample of 1053 were women, and they were older, less educated and less often employed than men. Total mean CRBS scores were significantly greater in women (2.37 ± 0.37) than men (2.29 ± 0.35; effect size[ES] = 0.08, confidence interval[CI]: 0.03–0.13; p

Introduction: Quick and accurate assessment of cardiorespiratory capacity is very important in research and exercise conditions. Therefore, the design and evaluation of cheap, light, and portable devices are worthy of consideration. FFThis study investigated the reliability of endurance performance indices in Futsal (EPIF) during the implementation of two selected field tests (FIET = Futsal intermittent endurance test and TCAR = Carminatti test).Methods: 23 futsal players with playing experience of 7.2 ± 2.1 years, an average age of19.1 ± 3.07 years, and a body mass index of 21.20 ± 1.04 kg/m2, were randomly selected. They first voluntarily performed the FIET test and then the TCAR test with an interval of 3 days. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the TCAR field test, the researchers used Pearson's correlation coefficient and intra-class intragroup correlation (ICC), respectively.Results: A significant correlation was found between the physiological variable of final heart rate (HR) and the HR delta of running activity in the FIET test, with VO2 max using the standard method. The reliability of the FIET test was reported at an excellent level (p < 0.001, ICC = 0.912-0.939). Also, after the field tests, the HR delta was reported as a suitable predictive factor for estimating the VO2 max of young futsal players (p = 0.020, SEE = 4.051, R2 = 0.512).Conclusion: The findings show the high reliability and validity of the TCAR field test with the EPIF device. Therefore, the design and construction of this native device and its use for coaches at the club and national levels are worthy for evaluating the athletic endurance of futsal players.

Context-aware systems serve the user by providing information that aligns with the preferences and context of the user. This study aims to recognize the contexts related to the entities of electronic theses and dissertations. Research is of the qualitative type that has used the documentary research method to find concepts, make coding, and classify contexts. The contribution of this research in increasing knowledge is to recognize the contexts of the users, electronic theses, and dissertation "ETD" and the system entities. The findings showed that the contexts of users are classified into 10 categories: user identity, interests and preferences, activities and history, social communication, computer context, user locations, user times, user access level, user status, and physical environment. The contexts of ETD have 8 categories: ETD identity, access level, audiences, activities and events, ETD content, time, place, and physical format of ETD. System contexts were grouped into 8 categories: system characteristics, user interaction capabilities, indexing capability, systems communication, user’s data storage, computing context, activity, and location. Conducting this research gives developers and decision-makers of ETD systems knowledge of contexts to redesign the system by considering the capabilities of context-aware systems to respond to users' needs, recommend documents, retrieve user-oriented documents, and develop system compatibility procedures. In the present study, we have tried to recognize all the contexts in an ETD system, and not only the user contexts but also the ETD contexts and the system contexts have been considered. context-aware ETD developers need some of the recognized contexts based on the type of context-aware services

Background and Objectives: The three main elements of the home, study environment, and mass media have a fundamental role in the tendency and attitude of adolescents and young people to pray. This study was conducted to determine students’ attitudes toward prayer, the causes of their tendency toward it, and its impact on various aspects of their lives. Methods: This descriptive study was performed among 192 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan City, Iran. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire through the press line system. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 18 using an independent t-test and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: A total of 60.9% of students reported that they perform daily prayers. The Mean±SD score of students’ attitude about praying is 121.99±199.97 out of 165. A significant correlation was observed between the mean score of attitude and behavior. A significant relationship was also found between the mean score of students’ attitudes and the variables of father’s education, father’s and mother’s occupation (P

Background and Objective: Hypoxia is one of the most common clinical stresses that occur during pregnancy, which has adverse effects on fetal development. Fish oil, with its antioxidant properties, prevents fetal disorders during pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the effects of fish oil on apparent congenital abnormalities and fetal dimensions caused by hypoxia during gestation in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 36 female pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of control, hypoxia, fish oil 0.5 ml, fish oil 1 ml, hypoxia+fish oil 0.5 ml, and hypoxia + fish oil 1 ml. Fish oil was administered by gavage, and the hypoxia model was established between 6 and 15 days of gestation by 3 hours of daily exposure to 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the embryos were removed from the uterus. First, the number of obtained embryos from each group was counted. Then, in terms of apparent abnormalities, the number of live fetuses and fetal resorption was evaluated. Finally, the length and weight of the fetuses were measured. Results: The frequency of embryos with apparent abnormalities in the hypoxia and control groups was 18.18% and nil, respectively. The frequency of fetal resorptions in the hypoxia and control groups was 27.27% and 1.92%, respectively. Moreover, fetal weight and length were significantly reduced in the hypoxia group compared with the control group (P

Background: Placental trophoblast cells are potentially at risk of exposure to the circulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol-A. Bromelain as a natural compound of pineapple has considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of bromelain on histomorphometric changes of the placenta in bisphenol A treated rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 pregnant rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) including control, Bromelain (10 mg/kg), Bisphenol A (300 mg/kg), and Bisphenol A + Bromelain. Bromelain was injected intraperitoneally and bisphenol A was administered orally (gavage) between 6th-15th days of gestation. For sampling, at the 20th day of gestation, the rats were euthanized, then the uterus was removed, and the placentas were separated from the uterus. Immediately placental morphometric examinations including placental weight, diameter, and thickness were performed. General and specific staining was used for histological examinations and then the samples were evaluated by light microscopy. Findings: Bisphenols significantly reduced placental weight, diameter, and thickness, the number of giant cells, and the thickness of labyrinth and spongiosum layers compared to the control group. Also, due to the administration of bisphenols, a significant increase in the number of glycogen cells and the thickness of the decidua in the placenta was observed. However, the administration of bromelain with bisphenols improved the above mentioned parameters. Conclusion: Administration of bisphenol A during pregnancy in rats causes toxic effects on placental tissue, and co-administration of bromelain with bisphenol A can reduce the adverse effects of bisphenol A on placental tissue.

Background & objectives: Obesity and a high-fat diet (HFD) lead to metabolic disorders in the liver by affecting the signaling pathways of fat and glucose metabolism. Exercise and dietary habits are of special interest to prevent and counteract obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Also, Capsaicin ameliorates diet-induced obesity in rodents and humans. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise and capsaicin on the gene expression level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt) in the liver of HFD rats. Methods: in this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (ND, n=8) or high-fat diet (HFD) (n=32) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet-training (HFDT), high-fat diet-capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups have performed a moderate- intensity aerobic running program (60-50% VO2max, at 15-25 m/min, 30-60 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) was administered orally, by gavage, once a day. Results: Induction of diabetes was associated with decreased AMPK expression (p=0.0001) and increased Akt (p=0.0001). The results showed that training and capsaicin significantly increased AMPK expression (p=0.032 and p=0.045, respectively) and decreased Akt expression (p=0.045 and p=0.049, respectively) in HFD rat hepatocytes. Also, the interaction of training and capsaicin had a significant effect on the expression of AMPK (p=0.017) and Akt (p=0.0001). Conclusion: The results showed that HFD impaired hepatocyte function and that aerobic exercise and capsaicin increased lipogenesis with increasing AMPK and decreasing Akt expression. However, the interaction effect of training with capsaicin was greater.

Background: Pain perception in individuals with migraine is very important and is influenced by various factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of alexithymia and self-efficacy with pain perception in women with migraine. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in women with migraine referred to medical centers in Rasht in 2021. Using convenience sampling method, 160 women with migraines participated in the study and answered the demographic information questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model. Results: Of total, 152 women responded to the questionnaire (response rate= 95%). The mean age of study participants was 32.86±8.5 years. Pain perception was negatively associated with selfefficacy (r=-0.28; P=0.001) and positively associated with alexithymia (r= 0.20; P=0.001). The results of linear regression also showed that self-efficacy and Externally-Oriented Thinking (EOT) subscale explained 13% of the variance in pain perception. Conclusion: Self-efficacy and externally-oriented thinking were significant contributors of pain perception in women with migraine. These variables can be considered for adopting coping strategies in patients experiencing migraine pain.

Background & Objective: The glyphosate-based herbicide has a prominent role in the toxic mechanism in living systems. Previous studies have shown that vitamin E can have a protective effect on cells against oxidative damage. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of vitamin E against the toxic potential of glyphosate (Gly) in the reproductive system of female rats. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 30 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6), including control, glyphosate (50 mg/kg per day), glyphosate (500 mg/kg per day), glyphosate (50 mg/kg per day) + vitamin E (50 mg/kg per day), and glyphosate (500 mg/kg per day) + vitamin E (50 mg/kg per day). Glyphosate was administered orally, and vitamin E was administered by intraperitoneal injection. After 35 days, rats were euthanized, and embryo development, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and catalase (CAT) activity were examined. Moreover, the levels of estrogen and progesterone were measured in the serum. Results were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: The glyphosate significantly decreased the percentages of fertilization, two-cell embryos, blastocysts, estrogen, and progesterone level as well as catalase activity and significantly increased MDA level in glyphosate-treated rats in comparison with controls (p 0.05). Conclusion: These results have shown that vitamin E can provide the antioxidant defense with potent preventive activity against glyphosate-induced reproductive toxicities.

Objective: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease. This study aims to evaluate the effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Loquat Leaf Extract (LLE) consumption on liver enzymes in obese men with NAFLD. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 men with NAFLD (BMI: 33.92±1.82 kg/m2) participated and randomly divided into four groups: HIIT (n= 10), LLE (n= 10), LLE+HIIT (n= 10) and control (n= 10). Exercises were performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each for 60 minutes with an intensity between 80-95% of heart rate reserve. Two capsules of 250 mg LLE was administrated daily for 8 weeks. Serum levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) were measured before and 48 hours after the intervention. Results: The results of paired t-test showed that the post-test serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP in the LLE+HIIT (P=0.01, 0.01, 0.01) and HIIT groups decreased significantly (P=0.02, 0.01, 0.001). These changes were not significant in the control and LLE groups (P≥0.05). The results of Tukey’s test showed that serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP in the LLE+HIIT and HIIT groups had the highest significant decrease (P=0.001) compared to the control group, while ALT and ALP serum levels in the LLE+HIIT group compared to the LLE group (P=0.03) and in the HIIT group compared to the control group (P=0.02) had the lowest decrease after eight weeks of intervention. Conclusion: It seems that consumption of LLE along with high- HIIT leads to a decrease in the level of liver enzymes in men with NAFLD. It is recommended that patients with NAFLD use this technique to improve their liver conditions.

Background and aims: The abnormal increase in blood cholesterol can cause many problems. Statins have a cholesterol-lowering effect, but they also have adverse effects. Garlic prevents the formation of cholesterol due to its antibiotic properties. This study aimed to investigate the comparative effect of garlic powder and atorvastatin on hypercholesterolemia-induced reproductive failure in female rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, 48 adult female Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=6), including control, atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/d; orally), atorvastatin (20 mg/kg/d; orally), garlic powder (100 mg/kg/d; orally), hypercholesterolemia (1.5 mg/kg/d of cholesterol; orally), hypercholesterolemia + atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/d), hypercholesterolemia + atorvastatin (20 mg/kg/d), and hypercholesterolemia + garlic powder. After 30 days, rats were euthanized and blood samples were obtained from their heart for serological assessments. The right ovary was transferred to 10% formalin for histological analyses, and the left ovary was transferred to a −80°C freezer for evaluation of oxidative stress markers. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test using SPSS version 24.0 (P

Abstract:The Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation is the most known oil reservoir in the southwest of Iran and the Middle East. In the present study, in order to understand the reservoir quality controlling factors of the Asmari Formation, detailed petrographic studies were carried out in the Khesht Oil Field to identify microfacies, diagenetic processes affecting these microfacies and their paragenetic sequence. Six carbonate microfacies are indicated based on about two hundred microscopic thin section analyses from core samples in this field deposited in tidal flat and lagoon sub-environments on a ramp type platform. The results show that important diagenetic processes that have affected the Asmari Formation carbonates includ micritization, cementation (marine, meteoric, and burial cements), dissolution (meteoric and burial dissolution), neomorphism, mechanical and chemical compactions, fracturing, dolomitization (dolomicrite, dolomicrosparite, dolosparite and dolomite cement) and anhydritization (in different types). Dissolution and fracturing have enhanced porosity and permeability values, while cementation and compaction have decreased the reservoir potential of the Asmari Formation by occluding the pore spaces. Dolomitization has had a dual impact on the reservoir quality of the Asmari Formation.Keywords: Diagenesis, Microfacies, Reservoir quality, Asmari Formation, Khesht Oil Field. Introduction:Carbonate rocks host about 50% of the global hydrocarbon accumulations. Therefore, they are still the main subject of many studies (Adabi et al. 2016; Jafarian et al. 2017; Omidpour et al. 2021). Carbonate reservoirs are difficult to describe and produce a realistic picture of reservoir properties due to the vertical and lateral heterogeneity in various categories, including lateral distribution of facies (Alsharhan 2006; Dou et al. 2011) and complex diagenetic evolution of carbonates (Lucia 2007; Moore 2013). Heterogeneity in the petrophysical properties of a reservoir is a combination of the primary depositional environmental factors (physical, chemical, and biological) and diagenetic processes (Nabawy et al. 2018; Tavakoli 2019).Carbonates of the Asmari Formation form the main part of reservoirs in SW Iran. So far, no study has been conducted to investigate the reservoir characteristics of the Asmari Formation in the Khesht Oil Field. These carbonates are generally deposited in a shallow marine environment (Aqrawi et al. 2006; Omidpour et al. 2021). Based on previous studies, the age of this formation is Oligocene (Rupelian) to Early Miocene (Burdigalian) (Richardson 1924; Thomas 1948; Ehrenberg et al. 2007). Based on biostratigraphic studies conducted by the oil company in the Khesht Oil Field, the Asmari Formation in the Khesht Oil Field was deposited during the Early Miocene (Aquitanian).The estimated porosity from thin section petrographic studies shows that due to the abundance of lime mud and low textural maturity, their reservoir capacity was low in the time of deposition (Hassanvand 2016; Esrafili‐Dizaji and Rahimpour‐Bonab 2019). Therefore, it seems that the reservoir quality of this formation largely depends on the development of secondary porosity as a result of the performance of various diagenetic processes such as dolomitization, fracturing, and dissolution (McQuillan 1985; Aqrawi et al. 2006; Azomani et al. 2013). Due to the importance of the Asmari Formation as the most known reservoir in the Zagros region, the combination of facies analysis and diagenetic characteristics of the Asmari Formation samples in the framework of porosity and permeability was used for reservoir quality evaluation. Material & MethodsThis study is based on a petrographic analysis of 183 thin sections from core samples of Khesht-02 and Khesht-03 wells drilled in the Asmari Formation at the Khesht Oil Field. In this way, 53.5 m of cores and 116 half-stained thin sections from the KH-02 well and 28 m of cores and 67 half-stained thin sections from the KH-03 well, as well as porosity and permeability data were used. All thin sections were stained with potassium ferricyanide and Alizarin Red-S to distinguish carbonate minerals (Dickson 1965). Thin sections were then examined under a microscope using a plane and polarized light to investigate facies distribution and diagenetic processes in the studied interval. Carbonates were classified based on the schemes of Dunham (1962) for limestones, and Sibley and Gregg (1987), Warren (2000), and Adabi (2009) for dolomites. Facies analysis and interpretation of the depositional environment was performed using the standard microfacies classification by Wilson (1975) and Flügel (2010). Helium porosity and air permeability (measured on core plugs) were used for the evaluation of reservoir potential of the studied intervals. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe Early Miocene Asmari Formation in the Khesht Oil Field, SW Iran, is mainly composed of dolomitic lithology. Petrographical studies led to identifying six carbonate microfacies in the Asmari succession deposited on a carbonate ramp platform. These microfacies consist of MF1) Anhydrite - inner ramp (supratidal); MF2) Sandy dolomudstone - inner ramp (intertidal); MF3) Dolomitized peloidal bioclastic wackestone - inner ramp (restricted lagoon); MF4) Dolomitized peloidal bioclastic imperforate foraminifer wackestone/ packstone - inner ramp (restricted lagoon); MF5) Dolomitized peloidal bioclastic packstone/ grainstone - inner ramp (platform margin); and MF6) Coral framestone – inner ramp (platform margin). These microfacies have been subjected to a variety of diagenetic processes in the three diagenetic realms, including marine, meteoric, and shallow to deep burial. The wide range of porosity and permeability values in most facies of the Asmari Formation shows that diagenetic features changed many other primary properties of the Asmari carbonates. The main diagenetic features that improved the reservoir quality were dissolution, dolomitization, and fracturing. Occlusion of pores and pore throats as a result of various calcite and anhydride cementation processes especially in wackestone and packstone textures, pervasive dolomitization and of mechanical and chemical compactions decreased the reservoir quality.

AbstractThe sandstones of Gadvan Formation (Barremian–Aptian) in the Abadan Plain show a wide range of porosity and permeability due to their complex diagenetic history. Therefore, their petrography was investigated by polarizing and scanning electron microscopy. The porosity-permeability was estimated by routine core analysis. Based on the results, Gadvan sandstones were divided into five diagenetic facies. Limitedvolume of chlorite has greatly reduced the effect of compaction by creating a coat on quartz grains and limiting the overgrowth of silica cement. Carbonate cements up to 9% of the total rock have improved the reservoir quality whereas mesogenetic carbonate cemented sandstones (25 and 32% cementation) have often acted as a barrier to the continued movement of hydrocarbons. After determining the porosity and permeability, in order to find the relationship between these two parameters with diagenetic facies, the flow units were determined by the flow zone indicator (FZI) method. It seems that HFU 1 and 2, which are equivalent to diagenetic facies 3 and 5, have the best reservoir quality in the studied wells.Keywords: Diagenesis, Diagenetic facies, Reservoir quality, Gadvan Formation, Abadan Plain Introduction Throughout the Neocomian–Aptian aged siliciclastic Gadvan Formation deposited in SW Iran as the lateral equivalent of the lower Zubair Formation of S Iraq (e.g., Jassim et al. 2006). This potential reservoir is a clean and quartz-rich sandstone (quartz arenite) that has a low diagenetic potential and is basically prone to cementation (quartz and carbonate) and compaction. These diagenetic processes were defined as differentiating diagenetic facies. Then, appropriate methods of evaluating porosity and permeability (such as Flow zone indicator: FZI) were utilized to establish the relationship between diagenetic facies and flow units. This relationship can be a basis to make a reservoir model which is generalizable to a field, an area or another formations. Materials & MethodsAfter the petrography analysis of 70 thin sections and SEM of 12 samples from 95m of cores, porosity-permeability of 130 samples was estimated by routine core analysis and then HFUs were determined using Amaefule et al. (1993) parameters by FZI method. Discussion of Results & ConclusionsAlthough Abadan Plain Cretaceous successions host a considerable part of the world’s total hydrocarbon reserves and numerous oil reserves of the Middle East (Alsharhan and Nairn 1993), siliciclastic reserves are neglected in this area. Throughout the Barremian–Aptian, Gadvan Formation– a siliciclastic interval– is deposited on the Arabian Plate platform in SW Iran as the lateral equivalent of the Zubair Formation (a giant siliciclastic reservoir) of S Iraq (Alsharhan and Nairn 1993).In this study, the identification of petrofacies, diagenetic processes and products, pore types, and reservoir properties led to recognition of five diagenetic facies and made a reservoir model based on relationship between these two facies attributes.Based on the modal analysis and classifications of sandstones, the studied interval is composed of three main petrofacies and five diagenetic facies as follows: PF1: Well sorted fine to medium-grained quartz arenite, PF2: Moderate to well sorted very fine-grained quartz arenite, PF3: Poor to moderately sorted very fine-grained quartz wacke. DF1: Compacted and weakly cemented sandstone, DF2: Chlorite-Kaolinite and calcite cemented sandstone, DF3: Chlorite coat-rich sandstone, DF4: Tightly calcite-cemented sandstone and DF5. Calcite-dissolved sandstone.The main diagenetic processes are compaction, cementation, replacement and dissolution, and the main diagenetic minerals identified within this diagenetic paragenesis are calcite, chlorite, kaolinite, and quartz. Mechanical compaction reduced the porosity throughout diagenetic steps. During eodiagenesis, the formation of chlorite coatings and precipitation of calcite are the main diagenetic reactions. The point and straight contacts between grains show that the chlorite coatings and calcite formed before significant compaction. Concurrently with this enhancement of alkalinity, calcite started to be precipitated and occupy intergranular pores prior to compaction. Chlorite coating is dominant in the tightly kaolinite-cemented sandstone and chlorite-coat-rich sandstone, and pore-filling calcite is dominant in the tightly calcite-cemented sandstone. Organic acids and carbon dioxide derived from the decarboxylation of organic matter promoted the dissolution of feldspars and calcite, resulting in the development of secondary porosity and precipitation of authigenic minerals (Seewald 2003). Kaolinite was produced by feldspar dissolution and filled pores preserved by chlorite coating, as commonly observed in the DF2. The overgrowth of quartz as a result of feldspar dissolution is the dominant diagenetic process in the compacted and weakly cemented sandstones (DF1). Carbonate cement content shows a positive relationship with porosity at low contents (less than ~9%) but a significant negative relationship at high contents (greater than 9%) (Chi et al. 2003; Cui et al. 2017). After determining the porosity and permeability, in order to understand the relationship between these two parameters with diagenetic facies, flow units were determined by the flow zone indicator (FZI) method. Comparing of DFs and HFUs shows that HFU 1 and 2, which are equivalent to diagenetic facies 3 and 5, have the best reservoir quality in the studied wells.

Abstract Biostratigraphic studies of the Sarvak and Ilam formations in wells No. 1 and 14 of the Abteymour Oil Field led to the recognition of six species of foraminifers from the two mentioned formations for the first time. In this research, the species of Fischerina carinata and Spiroloculina cenomana in the Sarvak Formation and the species of Palaeosigmoilopsis apenninica and Sigmomassilina ottadunensis in the Sarvak and Ilam formations belonging to the suborder of MILIOLINA Delage and Herouard (1896) and the species Rotorbinella sp. nov. in the Sarvak and Ilam formation and Pararotalia boixae in the Sarvak and Ilam formations belonging to the suborder of ROTALIINA Delage and Herouard (1896) were identified and described. These species are not yet reported from the Sarvak and Ilam formations. Based on the identified fauna, the Sarvak Formation with a thickness of 812.98 and 238 meters in wells No. 1 and 14 respectively is Cenomanian–Turonian in age, and the Ilam Formation with a thickness of 151.7 and 136 meters in wells No. 1 and 14 respectively is Santonian–Campanian? in age. Keywords: Abeteymour Oil Field, Ilam Formation, Foraminifera, Rotaliidae, Sarvak Formation Introduction The Sarvak and Ilam formations, as one of the most important carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs after the Asmari reservoir in the Zagros Basin, have special importance in petroleum studies. So far, several studies have been conducted on the two mentioned formations from different aspects especially biostratigraphic studies (James and Wynd 1965; Wynd 1965; Wood and Lacassagne 1956; Wells 1966, 1967, 1968; Stoneley et al. 1975; Speers 1967; Rahimpour-Bonab et al. 2012; Omidvar et al. 2014; Amiri Bakhtiar 1991; Khosroo Tehrani and Fonooni 1994; Allahbakhsh Ghiyasvand 2003; Teimourian 2004; Akbari Bas Kelayeh and Taheri 2005, 2006; Kamyabi Shadan 2005; Agh 2005; Sadeghi et al. 2006; Ghalavand 2009; Soleimani 2010; Ghobeyshavi et al. 2010; Sajjadi and Omidvar 2011; Omidvar 2011). However, these biostratigraphic studies of the Sarvak and Ilam formations in different areas of the Zagros Basin, introducing several biozones, some coexistence of foraminifera in these zones have been introduced . In the Dezful Embayment, due to the tectonic phases that occurred after Cenomanian and after Turonian (sub Hercynian tectonic phases), there is some absence of stratum or hiatus. The shallowing trend of the Late Albian to Cenomanian basin produced large amounts of shallow carbonate sediments of the Sarvak Formation in the Zagros Basin. However, during the Late Turonian, a regional uplift has taken place causing partial or complete erosion of the Turonian sediments, which create an erosional unconformitiy after Turonian, characterized by the development of iron-bearing sediments and sedimentary discontinuities in the Dezful Embayment and Fars areas. Omidi et al. 2018, in order to identify the fossil content with an emphasis on recognizing foraminifera of the Sarvak and Ilam formations in the south of Dezful embayment, studied two subsurface sections of wells 1 and 14 of the Abteymour oil field. They introduced four biozones based on the identification of 71 species belonging to 57 genera of foraminifera: one biozone in the Ilam Formation, called Biozone No. 1: Rotorbinella-Pararotalia Assemblage Zone, and three biozones in the Sarvak Formation called biozone No. 2: Nezzazatinella picardi-Dicyclina Schlumbergeri Assemblage Zone; biozone No. 3: Rotorbinella mesogeensis Total Range Zone and biozone No. 4: Nezzazata-alveolinid Assemblage Zone. Based on these identified biozones, the ages of the Sarvak and the Ilam formations are Cenomanian–Turonian and Santonian–Campanian, respectively. The identified benthic foraminifera in the Abteymour Oil Field is somehow similar to the other parts of the Zagros, but in addition to the benthic foraminifera reported in previous studies of these two formations; six other foraminifera species are identified and introduced from this oil field for the first time in this research. Since the Ilam and Sarvak formations face several high-pressure zones during drilling in the Abteymour oil field, identification of high-pressure oil and gas zones in strata is one of the issues that are of great importance. As a result, fossil studies, especially foraminifera can be helpful in finding the relative and sometimes exact location of high-pressure zones. The Ilam Formation in drilled wells in parts of the south of Dezful Embayment (Abteymour Oil Field) has low interest in terms of diversity of fossil genera and species (foraminifera); however, some foraminiferal members have been less studied, for example, the genus and species of the Rotaliidae family. In addition to the introduction of the Rotalia sp. 22-algae assemblage zone (due to the high diversity of Rotaliidae family members, sometimes up to 60 species, sp. 60) in the James and Wynd (1965) studies, and the high focus of systematic studies by Hottinger et al. (2014) on this family confirms the complexity and importance of the study in identifying and distinguishing the genus and species of this family; therefore, geologists on oil wells in Iran know the Ilam Formation as the "Rotalia Formation". Thus, the importance of the systematic study of the Rotaliidae family for separation of genera and species is more important. In this study, the foraminifera of the Ilam Formation have been systematically studied (to separate and distinguish several genera and species of Rotaliidae from each other), and this can be used to complete the chain of biostratigraphic studies in identifying high-pressure oil zones. In the Sarvak Formation, the study and knowledge of benthic foraminifera fossil assemblages could have great importance in the enrichment of fauna associations and recognizing biostratigraphic zones, determining the exact age of strata, knowing more local biozones, and identifying oil zones. Also, the rate of change in the diversity and abundance of foraminifera and their morphological characteristics increases in anoxic periods, for example, OAE1a (Leckie et al. 2002; Erba 2004). However, one of the biological characteristics of this incident is the presence of planktonic foraminifera with elongated chambers (Coccioni et al. 2006). However, here it is enough to describe the species that have been reported for the first time from the Sarvak and Ilam formations to identify more foraminifera and the fauna associations in the enrichment of the biozonations related to these two formation.. Material & Method In order to do biostratigraphy and identifying foraminifera in the Sarvak and Ilam formations in Abteymour Oil Field, the two wells of No.1 and 14, with the most suitable sample, were selected.A total of 1347 thin sections of the two wells (716 thin sections from well No. 1, mainly prepared from drilling cuttings and 631 thin sections from well No. 14, mostly prepared from drilling cores) were studied. These thin sections were studied microscopically to identify the microfossil contents, and after identification, they were photographed. Identification and description of the foraminifera were performed based on Loeblich and Tappan (1988), Boix (2007), Chiocchini et al. (2012), and Hottinger (2014). Discussion of Results & Conclusions The Sarvak and Ilam formations (Bangestan oil reservoir) are considered the second largest oil reservoir in Iran after the Asmari reservoir. Therefore, a careful study of the fossil content of these two oil formations is of particular importance in biostratigraphic studies. For this reason, in this study, a detailed study of the fossil content (especially foraminifera) of these two formations has been considered. The Ilam Formation in wells No. 1 and 14 has a thickness of 152 and 136 meters, respectively, and its lithology is mainly limestones and limestone with shale interbeds. The Sarvak Formation in well No. 1 is 813 meters thick, and in well No. 14, 238 meters of the Sarvak Formation has been drilled. The lithology of the Sarvak Formation is mainly limestones and dolomitic limestones. The biostratigraphy of the Sarvak and Ilam formations in wells No. 1 and 14 of Abteymour Oil Field, in addition to benthic foraminifera, which has been reported in previous studies of the Sarvak and Ilam formations, the following six benthic foraminifera are identified and introduced for the first time from these two formations:1- Fischerina carinata Peybernès, 1984 (Cenomanian, Sarvak Formation); 2- Spiroloculina cenomana Chiocchini, 2008 (Cenomanian, Sarvak Formation); 3- Sigmomassilina ottaduenesis Chiocchini, 2008 (Turonian, Sarvak Formation and Santonian–Campanian?, Ilam formations); 4- Paleosigmoilopsis apenninica Chiocchini, 2008 (Cenomanian–Turonian, Sarvak Formation); 5- Pararotalia boixae Piuz and Meister, 2013 (Cenomanian, Sarvak Formation and Santonian, Ilam Formation); 6- Rotorbinella sp. nov. (Turonian for Sarvak Formation and Santonian-Campanian? for Ilam Formation). These species have never been reported before from the Sarvak and Ilam formations.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease disrupting cognitive function. We investigated the effect of eight-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and caffeine supplementation on Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in a rat diabetic model. Methods: In this experimental study, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into: control (C), diabetic (D), diabetic+caffeine (D+CA), diabetic+training (D+T) and diabetic+training+caffeine (D+T+CA) groups. Training groups underwent a high-intensity interval training program (5 sessions a week over 8 weeks). The supplement groups were administered with 7mg caffeine/100gr body weight for 5 days a week before each exercise session throughout the experimental period. The rat hippocampus and brainstem were removed 48 h after the last training session and blood samples were taken from left ventricle. The levels of glucose, BDNF and GDNF were measured by ELISA assay. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA test. Results: Streptozotocin-induced diabetes increased blood glucose (p 0.05). We also observed a significant interaction between treatments regarding GDNF changes (P=0.024); yet, the interaction between caffeine and HIIT on BDNF did not reach the significance level (P=0.074). Conclusion: Based on the findings, HIIT increased BDNF and GDNF levels in rat diabetic model, but caffeine ingestion had no significant effect on neurotrophic factors. However, caffeine seems to blunt HIIT-induced increase in neurotrophic factors which remains to be further investigated.

Background One of the complications of diabetes, as a chronic metabolic disorder, is cardiovascular diseases. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of an eight-week High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program on serum Cardiac troponin I (CtnI) level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods In this experimental clinical trial, 30 rats were randomly assigned into three groups of healthy Control (C), Diabetic (D), and diabetic+training (D+T). The third group performed the training which included a treadmill running at an intensity of 85%-90% of maximum speed in 6-12 sessions of 2 min for 8 weeks, 5 days per week. Blood glucose level and high-sensitive CtnI levels were measured 48 hours after the last training session and 12 hours of fasting. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used to analyze the collected data, considering a significance level of P

Cryogenic rolling is one of the essential severe plastic deformation processes to manufacture high-strength aluminum sheets with excellent formability limits. The present work characterizes the formability of AA6061 for cryogenic rolling before and after artificial aging. Nakajima method based on ISO standard is used to measure formability. Samples are aged in the range of 100 °C to 150 °C. Artificial aging at 150 °C is found to be the optimum temperature for achieving a good combination of strength and formability. Over the course of artificial aging, strength improved up to 40%, where the original value of 250 MPa for cryo-rolled condition increased to 350 MPa after 50 h of aging at 150 °C, and the formability of the cryo-rolled sample improved especially for multi-axial forming condition.

Fire and explosion are the most prevalent accidents in chemical and process industries. Hence, identification of the hazard factors and the methods of controlling these two major accidents are very important in the process industries. In this paper, fire and explosion hazards of some process units at a combined cycle power plant have been estimated using the Dow fire and explosion index. The results of this study show that methane fueled turbine has the highest value of Dow index which is 321, turbine unit with gas oil and gas oil storage site have the Dow index values of 147.5 and 35.5 respectively. The loss control credit factor for methane fueled turbine unit was 0.36 and the Actual Maximum Probable Property Damage was 4.12 US million dollars. Maximum Probable Days Outage is estimated to be 50 days and finally, the loss due to unit pauses is calculated to be 3.03 US million dollars. In addition, the findings of the current study show that the gas oil storage unit suffers the highest amount of loss due to business interruption. The findings of the present study can be used for the improvement of inherent safety and can also be applied to estimate the losses due to fire and explosion.

Abstract Eocene to Oligocene–Miocene carbonates of Jahrum and Asmari formations form the reservoirs of the Khesht Field in the Fars Province, the Zagros Foreland basin. In this study, the reservoir characteristics of the upper parts Jahrum Formation in the Khesht Oil Field have been investigated based on the combination of facies analysis and diagenetic features of samples in the porosity-permeability framework. The Jahrum Formation in the Fars Province is mainly composed of limestones that formed on a laterally continuous carbonate ramp with significant variations in reservoir heterogeneity and quality. Petrographic studies led to the identification of five carbonate microfacies. Five petrophysical rock types (RT) in KH-02 well are recognized by considering primary and secondary controls on pore type and size distribution. From RT1 with no reservoir property toward RT5 reservoir quality is enhanced. Diagenetic features have significantly affected reservoir properties by both enhancing and destroying porosity and permeability. Bivariate plots of porosity and permeability, combined with thin-section petrography indicate that pervasive anhydrite cement and compaction had the greatest negative impact on reservoir quality, whereas, dolomitization, fracturing, and dissolution of Nummulites played the most positive role. Therefore, the general characteristics of the Jahrum reservoir in the Khesht Field are mainly shaped by diagenetic features. Using CycloLog software in the two studied wells led to the identification of two sedimentary cycles within the Jahrum Formation. The negative trend of the INPEFA log (sea-level fall) in the second sedimentary cycle includes the upper part of the Jahrum Formation which has medium to high reservoir quality. Keywords: Reservoir zonation, Rock types, Diagenesis, Cyclolog Software, Jahrum Formation. Introduction Carbonate reservoirs are difficult to describe and produce a realistic picture of reservoir properties due to the vertical and lateral heterogeneity in various categories including lateral distribution of facies (Alsharhan 2006; Dou et al. 2011) and complex diagenetic evolution of carbonates (Lucia 2007; Ahr 2008; Rong et al. 2012; Moore 2013). Carbonates of the Jahrum Formation in Fars province together with the Asmari Formation form the main part of reservoirs in SW Iran. So far, no study has been conducted to investigate the reservoir characteristics of the Jahrum Formation in the Khesht oil field. These carbonates are generally deposited in a shallow marine environment, and the estimated porosity from thin-section petrographic studies show that due to the abundance of lime mud and low textural maturity, their reservoir capacity was low in the time of deposition (Hassanvand 2016). Therefore, due to the low primary porosity in most parts of the Jahrum Formation, it seems that the reservoir quality of this formation largely depends on the development of secondary porosity as a result of the performance of various diagenetic processes such as dolomitization (Azomani et al. 2013), fracturing and dissolution. Due to the importance of reservoir studies and the investigation of the distribution of reservoir properties, the combination of facies analysis and diagenetic characteristics of the Jahrum Formation samples in the framework of porosity and permeability were used for reservoir zonation in Khesht-2 well and the studied rocks were divided into different rock types. Also, the identifying sedimentary cycles of the Jahrum carbonate succession and reservoir correlation in KH-02 and KH-03 wells were performed using Cyclolog software. Material and Methods Petrographic analysis of thin sections together with petrophysical wire logs, porperm data, and core descriptions were used for Jahrum reservoir zonation in the Khesht oil field. In this way, 40 m of cores and 80 thin sections from KH-02 well were used to investigate facies distribution and diagenetic processes in the studied interval. All thin sections stained for dolomite identification using Dickson (1965) method and limestone classification has been done according to Dunham's (1962) and Embry and Klovan (1971) schemes. Facies analysis and interpretation of the depositional environment was performed using the standard microfacies classification by Wilson (1975) and Flügel (2010). We followed Lucia (1995, 2007) for reservoir quality characterization and identification of rock types. Determination of sedimentary cycles and reservoir correlation between the studied wells has been done by using CycloLog software and gamma-ray log. Discussion of Results & Conclusion The Late Eocene Jahrum Formation in the Khesht oil field, SW Iran has mainly composed of limestones lithology. Petrographical studies led to identifying five carbonate microfacies in the Jahrum succession which have been deposited on a homoclinal carbonate ramp. These microfacies are consists of F1) Echinoid Orbitolites Nummulites wacke/pack/rudstone - inner ramp (restricted lagoon); F2) Nummulites Echinoid packstone to grainstone - inner ramp (shoal); F3) coral boundstone - inner to mid ramp; F4) Echinoid Nummulites wackestone - mid ramp (open marine); F5) Bioclast dolostone (shallow burial environment). The Jahrum carbonates have been subjected to a variety of diagenetic processes including micritization, dolomitization, cementation, dissolution, fracturing, and styloliteration in the three diagenetic realms including marine, meteoric, and shallow to deep burial. The wide range of porosity and permeability values in most facies of the Jahrum Formation shows that the sedimentary texture of the studied samples alone did not control the reservoir quality. The reservoir quality of the studied succession is mainly controlled by different diagenetic processes. Petrographic studies along with porosity and permeability cross plots for the studied samples show that the combination of the dolomitization, dissolution, and fracture processes played the greatest role in improving the reservoir quality of the studied formation, but calcite and anhydrite cementation; especially pervasive dolomitization type and compaction, have reduced the reservoir quality of the studied succession. The INPEFA stratigraphy approach has identified two sedimentary cycles within the Jahrum succession with good correlation in both KH-02 and KH-03 wells. Reservoir quality is significantly better during sea-level fall than when sea level was high in both sedimentary cycles. Overall, the Jahrum Formation is deposited in a regression cycle that begins with the deposition of open marine microfacies on the Pabdeh Formation and ends with the deposition of echinoid Orbitolites Nummulites wackestone/packstone (F1) at the end of the sequence in a lagoonal environment at the boundary of the Asmari Formation. Using CycloLog software and correlation between the reservoir zones of the Jahrum Formation in Khesht Oil Field and the identified timelines reveals that some reservoir zones show good compatibility. However, some of these zones do not correspond to the timelines. By considering other cyclo-stratigraphic factors along with lithology, porosity, and permeability data, revision in Jahrum reservoir zonation in the Khesht Oil Field is needed.

Background: Glomerulonephritis is the one of disorders associated with diabetes. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and caffeine supplementation on the levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and morphological changes of kidney tissue in diabetic rats. Methods: 50 diabetic rats as streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups including control, diabetic, diabetic + caffeine, diabetic + training, and diabetic + training + caffeine. The groups were given supplements (intraperitoneal injection of 70 mg/kg of caffeine powder for five days in each week) and underwent training (5 sessions including 6 to 12 times of 2-minutes training at the rate of 85-90% of maximal speed each week ) for 8 weeks. The serum Cr and BUN levels and the morphological changes of kidney tissue after 48 hours of the last training session were measured. Statistical analysis was performed by one- and two-way ANOVA (p

Background: ‪The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of eight weeks’ Pilates training on the hepatic fat content and liver enzymes in middle-aged men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Material and methods: T‪wenty middle-aged men with NAFLD were randomly divided into Pilates training (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The Pilates group participated in the Pilates training program for eight weeks (three sessions per week, 60 minutes per session). The body composition, anthropometric indices, liver fat content, and serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP were measured before and after the training period. Results: A‪fter eight weeks of Pilates training, the liver fat content in the Pilates group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.001). Also, the serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP significantly decreased in the Pilates group, compared to the controls (P < 0.05). In addition, eight weeks of Pilates training significantly reduced the patients’ body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, and the waist-to-hip ratio (P < 0.05). Conclusions: ‪The results of the present study indicated that Pilates training could be effective in improving the liver fat content and reducing the serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP in middle-aged men with NAFLD.

This study was performed to examine the relationship between cooperative learning and skilled learning with the satisfaction of students studying Russian, English, and Arabic languages. The research method was a correlational one. The study statistical population included the students of fields Russian, English and Arabic languages at the University of Guilan in 2016 who were selected by the cluster sampling method accounting for 120 subjects. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software, Pearson correlation test, and the linear regression. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient results, the variable of educational satisfaction was positively correlated with cooperative learning (r = 0.338) and skilled learning (r = 0.449). The results of regression analysis also showed that the skilled learning variable and then, the cooperative learning together explain 0.22 of the satisfaction variance. The results revealed that cooperative learning and skilled learning have a significant effect on students’ satisfaction. Given the importance of this issue, we should say strengthening the teaching skills can help increase the student’s satisfaction rate and quality of education.

Background The effect of physical activity and nutrition on the method of childbirth has been studied; however, it cannot be assured. Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between the type of delivery and nutrition and physical activity. Methods In a case-control study, women were entered either in cesarean section or normal vaginal delivery (each group: 52 subjects) groups. Data regarding physical activity and nutrition information during pregnancy were collected using Nutrition Questionnaire: Focused Pregnancy Nutrition Class. The scale’s reliability and validity were confirmed by the experts. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression. The signifcance level was set as p

Introduction: It seems rhinoplasty candidates have poorer body image and this can affect their decision to proceed with surgery. Aim: Present study assessed the body images of rhinoplasty candidates and control groups before surgery, according to sex them. Method: This research was a case-control study in which 136 rhinoplasty applicants and 136 control subjects in Amir-Al-Momenin hospital/Rasht were chosen as available sampling and by Multi-dimensional self-body relationships questionnaire (MBSRQ) were studied. Data were analyzed by using multi-variable co-variance analysis (MANCOVA) in the form of 2×2 factorial. Results: The main effect of group factor showed that in comparison with control group, rhinoplasty candidates have significantly higher scores mean in ‌ tendency to fitness and lower scores mean in satisfaction with body areas (P

Introduction Due to the source nature and placement of the Gurpi Formation between the Asmari and Bangestan reservoirs, it has a special importance. The name of this formation has been derived from Gurpi Mountain in the northwest of Masjid-Soleyman County. At the type section, this formation includes 320 meters of marl and bluish gray shales together with subordinate thin layers of clayey (argillaceous) limestone which overlies the limestones of the Ilam Formation, along an erosional unconformity. The Gurpi Formation has an open marine and deep sea sedimentation environment, which is why it is a good talent for biostratigraphy studies using planktonic fauna. Studies conducted by some researchers on the Gurpi Formation represent a Late Santonian – Tanetian age in different parts of the Zagros area, based on different planktonic assemblages (e.g., Kameli Azan et al., 2004; Darvishzadeh et al., 2007; Abrari et al., 2010; Senemari & Sohrabi Molla Usefi, 2012; Senemari & Azizi, 2012; Beiranvand et al., 2013; Najafpour et al., 2014; Fereydoonpoor et al., 2014; Razmjooei et al., 2014.). Materials and methods This study is based on macroscopic field description of 252 meters of Upper Cretaceous sequences (Gurpi Formation) in the Gandab section located on southern flank of Kabir Kuh anticline in Lurestan Province of Zagros, southwest Iran. In total, 192 hand specimens were taken from rock samples and sediments from these sections for paleontological study. After washing, samples were dried on sieves and put in special cellules. Released fossils were studied by binocular firstly, and then by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). Determination and naming genera and species was based on Robaszynski et al. (1984), Caron (1985), Loeblich and Tappan (1988), and Premoli Silva and Verga (2004). Discussion of Results Biostratigraphy In this study, 57 species related to 20 genera and 7 biozones of planktonic foraminifers are recognized in Gandab section. - Globotruncana ventricosa Interval Zone This biozone is defined between Globotruncana ventricosa appearance at the bottom and Radotruncana calcarata appearance at the top. It is correlated with Globotruncana ventricosa biozone aged Middle to Late Campanian (Premoli Silva and Verga , 2004). - Radotruncana calcarata Total range Zone This biozone which its top and bottom is consistent with the appearance and extinction of Radotruncana calcarata respectively, It is correlated with Radotruncana calcarata biozone aged Late Campanian (Premoli Silva and Verga , 2004). - Globotruncana aegyptiaca Interval Zone This zone is defined according the appearance of Globotruncana aegyptiaca at the base and the appearance of Gansserina gansseri at the top and is parallel to Globotruncana aegyptiaca biozone aged the End of Late Campanian (Premoli Silva and Verga , 2004). - Gansserina gansseri Interval Zone It places between the appearance of Gansserina gansseriat the base andContusotruncana contuosaat the top. This biozone is parallel with Gansserina gansseri biozone aged the most final part of Campanian-Maastrichtian (Premoli Silva and Verga , 2004). - Contusotruncana contuosa Interval Zone This biozone is defined between the appearance ofContusotruncana contuosa at the base and Abathomphalus mayaroensis at the top and is equivalent of Contusatruncana contusa and Racemiguembelina fructicosa biozones and aged Early to Late Maastrichtian (Premoli Silva and Verga, 2004). - Abathomphalus mayaroensis Interval Zone It is defined between the appearance of Abathomphalus mayaroensis species at the base and its extinction at the top. This biozone equals Abathomphalus mayaroensisbiozone agedLate Maastrichtian(Premoli Silva and Verga, 2004). Cretaceous – Paleocene (K-P) boundary K-P boundary is located on top of the Gurpi Formation in Gandab section. It is characterized by the end of Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone and extinction of all planktonic foraminifers. In this research, because of the missing of Guembelitria cretacea Zone P0 as a result of far sampling distance, biozone of Abathomphalus mayaroensis related to Gurpi Formation, is located below Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina Zone (Pα) of the Pabdeh Formation (i.e. Danian). Correlation Biozones of the Gurpi Formation in Gandab section are compared with biozones of this formation at the in Kuh - e Siah anticline. In the Kuh - e Siah anticline studied by Fereydoonpoor et al, 2014, 8 biozones were introduced from the Gurpi Formation. These biozones give Early Santonian – Early Maastrichtianage for the Gurpi Formation in this section. Conclusions The Gurpi Formation at the Gandab section with a thickness of 252m composing of limestone and argillaceous limestone. The lower boundary with the Ilam Formation is conformable with sharp lithology and upper boundary is gradational with the Pabdeh Formation in two sections. Through this study, 57 species related to 20 genera and 7 biozones of planktonic foraminifers in Gandab section were distinguished. According to these biozones and fossil content, the age of Gurpi was determined Middle Campanian to Late Maastrichtian.Transition from Maastrichtian to Paleocene was continuous and the K-P boundary located at the top of Gurpi Formation.

Neonatal growth indices are one of the important issues in the assessmentand care of pregnancy which have significant effects on the life after birth.Therefore, it is important to recognize their related factors. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the relationship between pregnant women's lifestyleand physical growth indices in newborns. This descriptive-comparativestudy was conducted on 412 pregnant women (mean age 28.1±5.6 years)who referred to Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran by a cross-sectional and fieldmethod. Subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. Data werecollected and recorded by Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) and informationabout the growth indices of newborns from their medical records in TehranMahdieh Hospital. Then, growth indices were compared with NCHSstandard norm (P≤0.05). Independent and one-sample t tests and Pearsoncorrelation were used to analyze the data. According to the results, thequality of lifestyle in pregnant women was reported to be moderate. Also, acomparison of weight and height indices showed a significant difference inthe time intervals after birth in comparison with the NCHS norm (P≤0.05)which indicated that this norm was lower than the global norm in Iranianinfants. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in thehead circumference (P=0.18). Considering the findings of this study onlifestyle and moderate physical activity in pregnant women, mothers arerecommended to have more physical activity and to improve their nutritionalquality so that they can promote their lifestyle and thereby improve thegrowth indices of newborns.

Introduction: Safety behavior is actual behaviors that done in accordance with safety instructions and it consists of both safety compliance and safety participant. Safety behavior assessment and identification of its related factors in the local labor communities is an important step in reducing accidents. This study aimed to evaluate the safety behavior and its predictive individual and occupational variables in different industries in Qom province. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 279 employees in different industries of Qom province. Data were collected through the following questionnaires: the demographic and occupational questionnaire and the safety behavior questionnaire consisting of 12 items related to safety compliance and 11 items related to safety participation. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (ver. 20), T test, ANOVA and multiple linear regressions. Results: Mean and standard deviation of safety behavior were 3.79 and 0.66, respectively and was greater than the average scores intended for the questionnaire. Mean score of safety compliance and safety participation was 3.95±0.76 and 3.61±0.79, respectively. Three variables, including size of the industry, work experience and educational level have a significant relationship with safety behavior and explained 15.3% of the total variance. Conclusion: According to the result of this study and other similar studies, some of the individual and occupational variables can affect safety behavior changes. Therefore, considering these factors in the design of programs for improving safety will help to improve safety performance.

In order to determine stratigraphy and the introduction of biozonationes in the Pabdeh Formation based on the new planktonic foraminifera biozonationes in the Thethys strict, one stratigraphic sections in the Izeh zone at Gurpi anticline are selected and sampled. The thickness of the Pabdeh Formation in this section is 672 m., and 4 lithological units (Purple shale (106.25 m. thickness), Lower limestone and marl (50/75 m. thickness), Limestone (295 m. thickness) and Upper limestone and marl (220 m. thickness)) in Chahardeh stratigraphic section at Izeh zone. Biostratigraphic studies led to recognition of 30 genera and 141 species of planktonic foraminifera and then 21 biozones in realm (Wade et al. (2011) were identified. These identified biozones (P3-P5 (Paleocene),E1-E16 (Eocene), O1(Oligocene)) in the studied section in Izeh zone are in well correlated with biozones of Tethys region. Based on the indicated biozones and fossil contents, the age of the Pabdeh Formation is Middle Paleocene (Selandian) - Late Oligocene (Chattian).

In order to study the echinoderms of the Kalat and Chehel Kaman formations in the western part of the Kopet-Dagh Basin, Maraveh Tappeh stratigraphic section has been selected and sampled. In this section, Kalat Formation with 9 m in thickness lithologically composed of sandy bioclastic limestone. The lower boundary of the Kalat Formation with marl and argillaceous limestones of the Abtalkh Formation is continuous. The upper boundary of the Kalat Formation with the Chehel Kaman Formation which is predominatly composed of limestone, argillaceous limestone and marl is also concordant. In this research along with Kalat Formation, 46 m of the basal sediments of the Chehel Kaman Formation for echinoderm analysis has been investigated. 4 genera and 5 species from the echinoderm collected specimens has been identified which are belong to Hemiaster, Cyclaster, Echinocorys and Pseudogibbaster. This is the first report of the Cyclaster, Pseudogibbaster and Hemiaster stella from Iran. These genera with respect to their test morphology categorized in three epiphonal, semiphonal and in epifaunal, semifaunal and infaunal group.

The Ghorban Member of the Sachun Formation (Paleocene-early Eocene) at type section in south east Shiraz composed of limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite .This carbonate member has been affected by various diagenesis processes in marine, meteoric and burial digenetic environment. Result of this study indicates that botryoidal aragonite and bladed calcite cements and micritic envelope are the product of marine phreatic diagenetic environment. Anhedral dolomicrite with fenestral porosity and absence of fossils has been formed in marine vadose diagenetic environment. Mixing zone of marine and phreatic water in the Jahrum and the Sachun Formations boundary has provided favorable conditions for formation of porous dolosparite. Oxidation conditions of meteoric vadoze has played important role for oxidizing of outcropped sediment that subsequently have been transported to basin as oxidizing extra clast and bioclasts. Products of meteoric phreatic diagenetic environment include dissolution, neomorphism, silicification and dog tooth, blocky and drusy calcite cements. Diagenetic processes of burial environment include physical and chemical (stylolite) compaction, drusy calcite cement along with dolosparite and dolomicrosparit. Results of uplifting of succession and exposure to the surface had been accompanied with fracture and calcite veins development, dissolution and iron oxide in iron bearing sediments.

Background and aims: Safety behavior is a type of job behavior that promotes the health and safety of workers, clients, public and environment. One of the methods for assessment of safety behavior is the use of questionnaire but So far not provided a validated questionnaire in Iran for assessment of safety behavior. The present study was designed to develop a measurement tool for assessment of safety behavior. Methods: According to the previous studies, a draft of questionnaire with 25 questions was created. Face validity was done based on expert opinion and necessity, relevance, simplicity and clarity of the questions was evaluated. To assess the content validity, content validity ratio and content validity index of the questionnaire was calculated. Reliability of the questionnaire was tested with test-retest, Interclass correlation coefficient and cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient. Provided questionnaire tested on 315 employees of Qom province industries. Data analysis was performed using SPSS20. Results: Other than one question, for the rest of the questions CVR value was greater than zero. Mean of agreement ratio for relevance, simplicity and clarity of questionnaire was 0.91 and for necessity was 0.95. ICC index was equal to 0.752(P=0.009) and Pearson correlation coefficient between test and retest result was 0.619(P=0.02). In scout study Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient was 0.766 and in the main study was 0.902. Mean score of Safety behavior was 3.78±0.66 and Safety behavior score has a significance inverse relationship with accident (P-value

In this research the sedimentary successions of the Asmari Formation with the age of Oligocene â Miocene in two outcrops of kuhâe Asmari, located in the Dezful embayment with a thickness of 349 m and kuhâe Gurpi (Pabdeh valley), located at the Izeh zone with a thickness of 352m have been studied. The aim of this study is to provide the possibility of comparing Asmari depositional condition in both mentioned area based on lithological studies, determination of microfacies, sedimentary environment and separation of sedimentary sequences. Based on petroghraphic studies, 18 microfacies were identified that were deposited in the three sedimentary environments such as inner ramp, mid ramp and outer ramp. The result of this study showed that Oligo-Miocene carbonates in the kuhâe Asmari section mainly formed in inner ramp environment while in the Pabdeh valley sedimentation occurred in the deeper waters of outer and mid ramp and shallow parts of inner ramp. In the kuhâe Asmari section, sedimentary units shows three thirdâorder depositional sequences, while sequence stratigraphic analysis in the Pabdeh valley shows deposition of the Asmari Formation contains five thirdâorder depositional sequences.

In this research Zagun Formation at the age of Early Cambrian in Sarbandan section with thickness of 192 meters, for determining petrography, diagenetic processes, lithofacies and depositional environment was analyzed. According to outdoor studies at that section, Zagun Formation is made of two lower units (Rock unit A) and upper (Rock unit B). This formation at lower parts (Rock unit A) is frequence fo shale and siltstone lithologies and at upper unit (Rock unit B) mainly lithologies of sandstone with interlayers of siltstone, shale and in some parts consists of conglomerate. The most important diagenetic processes affected the Zagun Formation are mechanical compaction, pressure solution, curvilinear and autogenetic micas, and veins filled by carbonate and silica cements. Analysis of lithofacies of Zagun Formation in Sarbandan section show presence of one fine-grained lithofacies (F1), Four medium-grained lithofacies (Sr, Sp, Sh, Sm) and one coarse-grained lithofacies (Gcm). Above facies and structural evidences as well as: mud cracks, planar cross bedding and herring-bone and wavy ripple led to identification of two facies collection, mud flat and mixed flat and tidal channel sedimentary subfacies .These collection of facies accociated with sedimentary structures has been Found and petrographical evidence, as well as presence of mineral of Glauconite, all shows that Zagun Formation have been deposited in the tidal flat environment, in a way that the lower unit (Rock unit A) in formation in Supra Tidal zone and upper unit (Rock unit B)of this formation in Inter Tidal zone of this tidal flat environment have been deposited.

The lower Oligocene hyaline and porcellaneous larger foraminifera of a carbonate platform setting, north of Sonqor, were studied for high-resolution biostratigraphy in the context of European standard zonation (Shallow Benthic Zones). According to the geological map of Kermanshah, these beds were previously ascribed to the Miocene. The identified larger foraminifera include Nummulites fichteli Michelotti, Nummulites vascus Joly & Leymerie, Operculina complanata (Defrance), Asterigerina rotula (Kaufmann), Planorbulina bronnimanni Bignot & Decrouez, Discogypsina discus (Goës), Gypsina mastelensis Bursch, Halkyardia maxima Cimerman, Stomatorbina concentrica (Parker & Jones), Praerhapydionina delicata Henson, Penarchaias glynnjonesi (Henson), Austrotrillina aff. paucialveolata Grimsdale, and Haddonia heissigi Hagn, associated with the coralline alga Subterraniphyllum thomasii Elliott. The foraminiferal association characterises the SBZ 21 Zone (early Rupelian).

Background and Objectives: Burnout is a physical-psychological syndrome, which causes physical exhaustion, depression, lack of efficacy, absenteeism, and reduced performance. Work stress is the main cause of burnout, so identifying important stressors causing burnout in workplace is important. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of workplace stressors on increased burnout in workers of an industrial environment. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted cross-sectionally on 149 employees of an industrial workplace in 2013. In this study, data collection tool was demographic, job stress, and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaires. Information was gathered as a semi-supervised self-report. Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation test with a confidence level of 0.95. Results: In this study, in the case of domains of job burnout, 17.4% of the participants had moderate and high depersonalization, 19.5% had moderate and high emotional exhaustion, and 15.8% had poor personal performance. Also, no Individuals were in the range of severe burnout. There was a significant relationship between individual variables (suffering from chronic disease, accident, education, and work experience) and burnout. Four dimensions of job stress, including communication, demand, role, and changes had the highest effect on increasing burnout. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, lack of friendly communications at workplace, work characteristics and workload, lack of familiarity of employees with organization's goals and their duties, and also their position in the organization, way of organizing employees, and work changes are of the most important stressor factors, which have effect on creating and increasing burnout.

The purpose of this study was examining the impact of executive functions training on social skills in students with dyslexia. This study is an experimental one with pre-test, post - test and control group design. The statistical population of this research includes all the students with dyslexia in second and third grade of elementary schools of Abbas Abad in Mazandaran province in school year of 2012-2013, which 20 of them were selected based on entering qualities and assigned in experimental and control groups randomly. Executive function training was taught to experimental group within ten sessions for a period of one month, while the control group did not receive this training. Both groups were assessed in pre- test and post- test using social skills questionnaire (Gresham, 1999). Analysis of data using multivariate covariance indicated that there was significant difference between two groups on social skills. So, we can conclude that in education and treatment students with dyslexia, strengthening executive functions should be considered on of the basic dimensions for experts and educators.

 Introdaction  The Gurpi Formation is developed in the central of the Zagros fold in Khuzestan, Lorestan and Fars provinces of southwestern Iran, defined az theZagros basin ,The Gurpi refers to Gurpi Mountain in the Kuzestan province.type section gurpi,which is N of the Lali oil wells and N-E of Masjed â Soleiman city,comprises 320m argillaceous limestone and gry-to-blueshale marl(James and Wynd,1965)Although the boundary the Gurpi Formation and the underlying Ilam Formation is reported to be gradual,the altered facies found at this boundrary could be a sign of a low disconformity or even unconformity.In some place,the Ilam Formation does not exist and tne Gurpi Formation lie abave the Sarvak Formation.The upper boundry of the Gurpi Formation is more noticeable and there are different overlying formations.In Khozstan province,the Gurpi Formation is overlain by purplr shale of pabdeh Formation with signs of unconformity.The Gurpi Formation is not always concurrent. Biostratigraphy and lithological characteries of the Gurpi Formation were studied by James and Wynd (1965), Taheri (1998), KameliAzao (2002), Zarei (2005), Hematinasab (2008), Madavian (2009), Tavalaian (2011). This research study aims at describing the biostratigraphy of Gurpi Formation.In this study five stratigraphic section is investigate for its Planktonc Foraminiforal content.    Method and Matrials  This study involves five stratigraphic sections from the Gurpi Formation that were measured the ticknes and determind of Litostratigrapic limit as well as recognizd of detail litostrstigray the Gurpi Formation.More than 525 thine sections were examined. Some samples from the underlying Pabdeh Formation were also analysed for comparison. then recognizd Genus and species of Planktonic foraminifera and biozones mentioned wells have been introduced. In order to the biozonation of Gurpi Formation, stratigraphic distribution of well- known foraminifora is recognizd and then biozones are established through stratigraphic column.    Discussion of Results & Conclusions  In order to study biostratigraphy Gurpi Formation, in Wells numbers 45,21, 43, 123, 41of Marun Oil Field sections, 525 thin sections were studied. The thickness of Gurpi Formation in this Wells is 181, 186, 194, 197, 222 meters and its main lithology includes Marl, Limy Marl, Limestone and Shale. In all of the wells Lower boundary of Gurpi Formation is transition with Ilam Formation , and its upper boundary with Pabdeh Formation is unconformite accompanied by lack of stratigraphy in the length of Paleocene. In this study ,alonge with recognition of 54 species belonging to 18 Genus of Planktonic foraminifera, 8 biozones mentioned wells have been introduced as follows. 1) Dicarinella asymetrica zone (Upper Santonian), 2) Globotruncanita elevata zone (Lower Campanian), 3Globotrnucana ventricosa zone (Middle Campanian), 4) Radotruncana calcarata zone (Upper Campanian), 5) Globltruncanella havanensis zone (Upper Campanian), 6) Globotruncana aegyptica zone (Uppermost Campanian), 7) Gansserina gansseri zone (Upper Companian- Lower Massrtistian), 8) Contusotruncana contusa zone (Middle to Upper Massrtistian) Based on the assemblage of foraminifer and determinate biozones, the age of Gurpi Formation in The examined wells are determined of Late Santonian to Late Maastrichtian . In this study, Gurpi Formation in of Marun Oil Field with Section samples in the region Lali (Khuzestan) has been compared and .show that the sedimentation of Gurpi Formation has been starte in Wells at Latest Santonian time, wile in the type section start at the Early Companian time.    Â

محسن لیاقت، دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رسوب‌شناسی و سنگ‌شناسی رسوبی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران * حمید کمالی سروستانی، دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد چینه‌شناسی و فسیل‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران عباس صادقی، دانشیار، گروه زمین‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران سید مسعود موسویان، دانشجوی دکتری چینه‌شناسی و فسیل‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران چکیده رسوبات کرتاسه که با رخساره‌های متنوع شناخته می‌شوند، در تمام ایران گسترش یافته‌اند. در ناحیه خور، بلوک یزد و در شرق ایران مرکزی این رسوبات به خوبی رخنمون یافته‌اند. سازند هفتومان با سن سنومانین در کوه دبرسو، جنوب ناحیه خور (در شرق ایران مرکزی) با رویکردی یکپارچه جزئی از مطالعات نموداری، بیواسترانیگرافی و تجزیه و تحلیل چینه‌نگاری سکانسی، مطالعه رخساره‌ها بر اساس مشاهدات میدانی و مطالعات ریزرخساره‌ها مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. ما 240 مقطع نازک میکروسکوپی را از حدود 514 متر از چینه‌های با جنس سنگ آهک، ماسه سنگ تا ماسه سنگ آهکی و از سنگ آهک ضخیم تا سنگ آهک ماسه‌ای نازک لایه از سازند هفتومان جمع‌آوری نمودیم. این سازند در یک رمپ کربناته با ریزرخساره‌های رمپ درونی، رمپ میانی و رمپ بیرونی در کنار رسوبات آواری محیط ساحلی که 2 پتروفاسیس را تشکیل داده‌اند؛ تشکیل شده است. بر اساس موقعیت مرزهای ناپیوسته سکانس‌ها، دو سکانس رده 3، که به طور غالب تغییرات جهانی سطح آب دریا کنترل کننده چرخه رسوبی در آنهاست شناسایی شدند. سیمانی شدن، دولومیتی شدن، انحلال و سیمانی شدن، کارستی شدن و پیریتی شدن مهم‌ترین فرآیندهای دیاژنزی در این سازند هستند.

Background: Phenol, as a pure substance, is used in many fields because of its disinfectant, germicidal, local anesthetic, and peptizing properties. Aqueous solutions of phenol are produced as waste in industries and discharged into the environment. Therefore, elevated concentrations of phenol may be found in air or water because of industrial discharge or the use of phenolic products. Method: The strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in this project were natural strains previously purchased from Razavy company. They were grown at 30°C on Petri plates containing yeast extract glucose (YGC) and then purified by being spread onto new plates, and isolated colonies were obtained. These colonies provided the basis of selection. Prepared strains were applied in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) as first seed. The experiment conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). After the determined runs were performed using Design-Expert software, data were analyzed using mentioned software as well. Results: This study evaluated the capability of baker’s yeast to remove phenol in high concentrations. The tested strains showed excellent tolerance to phenol toxicity at concentrations up to 6100 mg/L. Study of the batch degradation process showed that the phenol removal rate could exceed 99.9% in 24 hours at a concentration of 1000 mg/L. The results showed catechol is the first intermediate product of phenol degradation. In survey results of the Design–Expert software, R2 and Adeq precision were 0.97 and 25.65, respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that ASBR performs robustly under variable influent concentrations of inhibitory compounds. The high removal performance despite the high phenol concentration may be a result of reactor operating strategies. Based on the progressive increase of inlet phenol concentration, allowing for an enhanced biomass acclimation in a short time, results at the microbiological levels showed that the increase of phenol concentration was accompanied by a decrease in the microbial community and a progressive selection of the most adapted phenotypes.

In recent years, the effects of exercise on nervous system, spatial memory andmotor function in the senescence period have received the attention of researchers.As the age increases, some functions of nervous system such as spatial memory areweakened. Thus, the effect of aerobic exercises including swimming and runningon learning, spatial memory and motor function was investigated in old rats. Thestudy was experimental. 30 rats (18 months old) were randomly divided intothree groups: experimental 1 (running on a treadmill), experimental 2 (swimmingin the water maze) and control. Rat treadmill was used for subjects' exercise,Morris water maze device was used to apply exercise protocol and to examine theirmemory and learning and open field device was used to examine subjects' motorfunction. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The resultswere reported as mean + SD and suggested that in spatial memory test (time toreach the target and the covered distance to reach the target), Experimental 1group (swimming) significantly outperformed control and experimental 2 (running)groups (P=0.001). Treadmill group had a better performance in spatial memorytest (time to reach the target) than control group (P=0.04). In motor function test(open field test), experimental 1 and 2 groups were significantly superior to thecontrol group in the total distance covered (P=0.001, P=0.002 respectively). In themean speed covered in the open field test, Experimental 1 and 2 groups weresignificantly superior to the control group (P=0.001, P=0.003 respectively). Theresults showed that aerobic exercise especially swimming had a positive effect onmemory consolidation, retention and motor function, that is, exercise probablyimproves reward paths in the nervous system of the rats and this factor can be areason for memory consolidation and learning in the nervous system.

این پژوهش در برگیرنده مطالعات چینه‏نگاری سنگی، زیستی و توصیف رخساره‌های رسوبی سازند شاه کوه به سن کرتاسه پیشین در جنوب غرب شهرستان خور در شرق ایران مرکزی می باشد. بدین منظور یک برش چینه­شناسی در کوه تنگل بالا اندازه‏گیری، نمونه‏برداری و مطالعه شده است. سازند شاه کوه در این برش 950 متر ضخامت داشته و به طور عمده از سنگ آهک­های ضخیم لایه تا توده‌ای فسیل‏دار تشکیل شده است. مرز زیرین این سازند با سازند نقره تدریجی و مرز بالائی آن با یک ناپیوستگی فرسایشی در زیرسازند بیابانک قرار می‏گیرد. بر اساس گسترش چینه‌شناسی اربیتولیند‌های شناسائی شده دو زون زیستی Palorbitolina lenticularis Taxon Range Zone و Praeorbitolina cormyi Subzone در نهشته­های سازند شاه کوه تشخیص داده شده است. زون‌های زیستی شناسائی شده مؤید سن بارمین پسین- آپسین پیشین برای سازند شاه‏کوه در برش مورد مطالعه می­باشند. مطالعه رخساره‌های میکروسکوپی نهشته‌های سازند شاه‏کوه نشان می‏دهد که این رسوبات در چهار کمربند رخساره‌ای ساحلی، لاگون، سدو دریای باز کم عمق ته‌نشست یافته‏اند.

The present study attempts to evaluate values and norms among students in the dormitories of University of Gilan in 1385-86. 11 structure –including 10 independent variable and 1 (Anomy) for the dependant variable- has been created in order to recognize cited values and norms. The study is descriptive-analytical, using questionnaire and standard interview. Population includes all the students in dormitories of Gilan University (2917 person). In sampling 304 students were chosen. The questionnaire was self-created and its validity was verified through testing by experts. Reliability of achieved through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient in pilot-study and avoiding some questions in every 11 structures to gain more than 70% in Alpha coefficient. Results show the average anomy in girl dormitory is 3.64. T-Test too shows a meaningful difference in Anomy between two dormitories. Even in boy’s dormitory which has a lesser anomy (2.76), it is near to 3. However, results show that social control mechanism (Punishment) in both dormitories is inefficient. In conclusion it could be said that there is a kind of social imbalance in both dormitories which should be considered in planning to encounter future possible social crises.

AbstractThis research examines the effecting of Rasht city open educational institution on economic, social,cultural and individual development. The fallowing twelve micro indexes are considered by the researchers,derived from above mentioned four indexes:Individual development (including increasing of self-confidence, right decision making, creativity).Cultural development (including extention of study culture, understanding educational aims, filling sparetimes).Social development (including improvement of social relations, helping to solve individnal and socialproblems logically, extention of individual and social skills).Economic development (including providing job rapidly, using vocation facilities , increasing of incomesthrongh skills).Also, reseach questions were about the differences of trainee and trainers in terms of gender, study, agegroups and disciplines which had more frequencies. The type of research was descriptive. The statisticalpopulation were all of open educational institutions in Rasht city in second part of 1380 and first part of1381.The samples were 170 trainers and also 170 trainees (by selection of 5 percent of 3400 trainers)The tool of the research was made by the researchers. The realibilty of the questions was high (nearly %80Chronbach’ Alpha Coeffecient).To Analysis of questioners were used T-test and ANOVA Variance statistical tests.The findings of the research were in three groups as following:A.Trainers B.Trainees C.Trainers and traineesIn part A, and B, there were no significance differences about individual, social and economicdevelopment but there was significance difference about cultural development.In part C, there were no significance differences about individual, cultural, social and also economicdevelopment. In other words two groups (trainers and trainees) had the same viewpoints about effecting ofopen educational institutions on development

Background and aims: Various factors affect the safety performance of employees and safety locus of control (SLOC) is one of the main determinants. People with an internal locus of control believe that they can control events and conditions and People with an external locus of control believe that events caused by factors such as chance, fate, environment and performance of other people. Therefore, to prevent accidents attention to the SLOC is very important. This study aimed to determine the SLOC and its related factors in employees of an industry. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 172 employees of an industry in a central provinces of Iran. Data collection was performed using demographic-job and SLOC questionnaires. Data Gathering was performed in a semi-supervised manner. Data analyzed with SPSS software (version20) using independent T tests, Pearson correlation and liner regression. Results: The mean score of SLOC was 38.5±5.08 and was Larger than the mean intended to scale (µ=36) and was internal in the studied population. Chronic disease, smoking and Employment in second job have significant relationship with SLOC but other studied variables were not significantly associated with SLOC. Conclusion: Some variables may be influence the perception of people about level of control that they can have on events and in fact affect peoplechr('39')s safety locus of control. As a result, these variables could change safety locus of control and indirectly affect safety performance and accident occurrence.

Introduction The Kopet Dagh Sedimentary Basin is located at some parts of Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and NE of Iran (Berberian and King, 1981). This sedimentary basin formed after the closure of Paleotethys Ocean owing to the Middle Triassic Orogenic event and mainly consists of Jurassic to Tertiary deposits (Afshar-Harb, 1994). The Abderaz Formation is various in thickness and consists mainly of brown shales and chalky limestone in its type section which is located in 75 km of east of Mashhad city at Mozduran area (Afshar-Harb, 1994). It unconformably overlies the Aitamir Formation and conformably covers by the Abtalkh Formation (Afshar-Harb, 1994). There are several investigations on the Abderaz Formation biostratigraphy and stratigraphical properties such as Kalantari (1969), Vahidinia (1973), Foroughi (2004), Bakhshandeh et al. (2007, 2008), Shafiee et al. (2011, 2012), Vahidinia et al. (2014). To study the planktonic foraminifera of the Upper Cretaceous deposits in the west of the Kopet Dagh Basin, the Sheikh stratigraphic section in south flank of Sheikh syncline at north east of Bojnurd was selected and investigated. Materials and methods In order to biostratigraphic analysis of the Abderaz Formation, one stratigraphic section in south flank of Sheikh syncline were studied. The thickness of the Abderaz Formation in the studied section is 252 m and a total of 235 thin sections were prepared and analyzed. The identification of species and classification of genera follows that of Postuma (1971), Wonders (1980), Loeblich and Tappan (1988), Bolli et al. (1989), Robaszynski et al. (1984), Robaszynski and Caron (1979) and Premoli Silva and Verga (2004). Lithostratigraphy The Kalat Formation in the Sheikh section is 252 m in thickness and it conformably overlies the sandy limestones of the Aitamir Formation and conformably covers by argillaceous limestones of the Abtalkh Formation. Lithostratigraphically, the Abderaz Formation are divided into three parts. Generally, these parts are mainly composed of thick bedded to massive limestone, chalky limestone, argillaceous limestone and marly limestone. Biostratigraphy The biostratigraphic analysis of the Abderaz Formation in Sheikh section led to recognition of 44 species belonging to 14 genera of planktonic foraminifera, 4 species belonging to 12 genera of benthic foraminifera and 4 species belonging to 2 genera of oligosteginids and then 7 biozones are identified based on biozonation scheme of Premoli Silva and Verga (2004). These biozones are briefly described below: 1: Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica Total range Zone: This biozone is characterized by first appearance to last appearance of Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica. The foraminifera content of this biozone include Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica, Marginotruncana coronata, Marginotruncana pseudolinneiana, Marginotruncana marginata, Marginotruncana schneegansi, Marginotruncana renzi, Whiteinella archaeocretacea, Whiteinella baltica, Whiteinella aprica, Whiteinella praehelvetica, Whiteinella paradubia, Praeglobotruncana cf. stephani, Archaeoglobigerina cretacea, Archaeoglobigerina blowi, Dicarinella algeriana and Dicarinella imbricata. Age: Early to Middle Turonian 2: Dicarinella primitiva-Marginotruncana sigali Partial range Zone: This biozone is marked between the last appearance of Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica and the first appearance of Dicarinella concavata. The associating foraminifera in this biozone include Dicarinella primitiva, Marginotruncana sigali, Marginotruncana marginata, Marginotruncana pseudolinneiana, Whiteinella baltica, Whiteinella paradubia, Whiteinella inornata, Dicarinella algeriana, Archaeoglobigerina cretacea and Archaeoglobigerina blowi. Age: Middle to Late Turonian 3: Dicarinella concavata Interval Zone: This biozone is characterized by first appearance of Dicarinella concavata and the last appearance of Dicarinella asymetrica.The foraminifera content of this biozone consist of Dicarinella concavata, Dicarinella primitiva, Marginotruncana marginata, Marginotruncana pseudolinneiana, Marginotruncana schneegansi, Marginotruncana sigali, Marginotruncana sinuosa, Marginotruncana paraconcavata, Whiteinella baltica and Archaeoglobigerina cretacea. Age: Late Turonian-Lowermost Santonian 4: Dicarinella asymetrica Total range Zone: This biozone is characterized by total range of Dicarinella asymetrica. The foraminifera content of this biozone include Dicarinella asymetrica, Dicarinella concavata, Marginotruncana pseudolinneiana, Marginotruncana sigali, Marginotruncana sinuosa, Marginotruncana paraconcavata, Contusotruncana fornicata, Globotruncanita elevata, Globotruncana bulloides, Globotruncana lapparenti and Globotruncana linneiana. Age: Early Santonian-Lowermost Campanian 5: Globotruncanita elevata Partial range Zone: This biozone is marked between the last appearance of Dicarinella asymetrica and the first appearance of Globotruncana ventricosa. The associating foraminifera in this biozone include Globotruncanita elevata, Globotruncanita stuartiformis, Contusotruncana fornicata, Globotruncana bulloides, Globotruncana lapparenti, Globotruncana hilli, Globotruncana linneiana, Macroglobigerinelloides bollii, Macroglobigerinelloides prairiehilensis, Macroglobigerinelloides messinae and Archaeoglobigerina cretacea. Age: Early Campanian 6: Globotruncana ventricosa Interval Zone: This biozone is marked between the first appearance of Globotruncana ventricosa and the first appearance of Radotruncana calcarata.The foraminifera content of this biozone include Globotruncana ventricosa, Contusotruncana patelliformis, Contusotruncana plummerae, Contusotruncana fornicata, Globotruncanita elevata, Globotruncana stuarti, Globotruncana lapparenti, Globotruncana bulloides, Globotruncana hilli, Globotruncana linneiana and Globotruncana mariei. Age: Middle to Late Campanian 7: Radotruncana calcarata Total range Zone: This biozone is characterized by total range of Radotruncana calcarata. The foraminifera content of this biozone include Radotruncana calcarata, Globotruncana ventricosa, Contusotruncana patelliformis, Contusotruncana fornicata, Globotruncanita stuartiformis, Globotruncanita elevata, Globotruncana stuarti, Globotruncana lapparenti, Globotruncana bulloides, Globotruncana linneiana and Globotruncana mariei. Age: Late Campanian Finally, according to the recognized planktonic foraminifera and indicated biozones, the Early Turonian to Late Campanian age for deposits of the Abderaz Formation in the Sheikh stratigraphic section at north east of Bojnurd is proposed