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Early failures have been observed on some of Iraq's newly constructed highway pavements, posing a risk to both traffic safety and the economy. Permanent deformation (rutting) and cracking are two common types of these failures. The major goal of this research was to study the sawdust coal behavior as a filler material in hot mix asphalt. To prepare asphalt briquettes, conventional Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced by weight with sawdust coal (SDC) as a filler. At different percentages were used: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Marshall Stability, indirect tensile strength, and moisture sensitivity tests were performed on the samples. The stability, flow, voids filled with asphalt, voids in mineral aggregate, and air voids of the mixture were all evaluated. At 60% acceptable sawdust coal percentage, the results were be 12.08 KN, 2.75 mm, 72.3 %, 15.2 %, and 4.2 %, respectively. In addition, improve tensile performance. A mixture of 60% sawdust coal produced a desired mix with higher stability, less deform, more tensile strength than mix with cement filler. Despite the decrease in the TSR% than reference mixture still met the criteria which are minimum of 80%. The incorporation of sawdust coal in the asphaltic concrete improve its characteristics, according to the above results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the idea of P – field which is generalization of P –field. As a first result, it is shown that the intersection of any family of P – field is a P – field too. The main goal of this work to study a basic of this concept and a basic properties, examples, propositions, theorem and characterizations of this idea have been introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large scale industries make diverse wood goods in the form of wooden furniture, wooden materials, doors, windows, and other items in the era of technological development, with expanding demand and emerging technologies. Woodworking processes such as sawing, milling, planing, routing, drilling, and sanding produce a lot of sawdust. It is made up of little wood particles. Sawdust ash is the powder left behind after wood is burned. However, disposing of such vast amounts of sawdust is a severe environmental hazard, and it is frequently dumped near rivers, broad fields, and other locations. The primary goal of this study was to study the effects of sawdust ash as a filler material in hot mix asphalt. To manufacture asphalt briquettes, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was replaced with sawdust ash (SDA) as filler at different percentages: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Marshall Stability of the samples was evaluated, as well as the indirect tensile strength of water-conditioned and dry samples. The stability, flow, density, voids filled with bitumen (VFB), air voids (AV), and voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) of the mixture were all determined. At 60 % optimal sawdust content, the values of stability, flow, bulk density, voids filled with bitumen, air voids, and voids filled in mineral aggregates were 14.7 kN, 2.25 mm, 2.249 g/cm3, 74.7 %, 4.6 %, and 18.2 %, respectively. It was also revealed that mixtures including SDA had greater tensile strength of 1116 KPa. Although mixture with 60% sawdust ash has lower moisture susceptibility 83.5% than those containing Portland cement filler 86%. However, is still larger than the requirement which is a minimum of 80%. So the incorporation of sawdust ash in the asphalt mixes resulted in better mix properties. The proper use of such waste products has been shown to have both ecological and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]