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Broiler chicks were segregated into three groups. Group 1 fed on a basal diet and served as a control, group 2 was given Imidacloprid (IM) at a dose of 50 mg/kg diet and group 3 was dietary supplemented with 0.5 % Glycine (GLY) and IM (50 mg/kg diet) for 4 weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days. The obtained findings revealed that IM residues were beyond the maximum residue limit (MRL) (0.02 ppm) and were significantly higher in muscles ranging from 0.042±0.0039 to 0.073±0.0026 ppm and in liver tissues ranging from 0.466±0.033 to 0.790±0.017 ppm) throughout the experimental time interval in IM- treated chicks. IM induced a significant decline in the total erythrocytic count (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total leucocytic counts (TLC) and lymphocyte percent. IM- treated chicks exhibited a significant reduction in the levels of serum acetylcholinesterase (AchE). Besides, the hepatic antioxidants activities [(superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH)] were significantly decreased. A significant increase in the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid, creatinine, hepatic lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA), heterophils and monocyte percent were observed in IM-treated chicks. Furthermore, IM induced a significant histopathological lesions in the liver, kidney and muscles. Conclusively, GLY supplementation inhibited IM accumulation. Therefore, IM residues were not detected in muscles, while ranging from (0.250±0.029 to 0.553±0.023) ppm in liver tissues of GLY and IM- treated chicks. Dietary GLY improved liver and kidney function and ameliorated hematological alterations, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and histopathological lesions induced by IM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goats are important animals in Iraq because of their high economic value. This research focused on macroscopic lesions with microscopic presence in the lungs of the goats. Examination of these samples reflects the extent of the spread of lung disease among these animals, which constitutes great economic losses. This study was conducted in the slaughterhouse of Basrah Governorate located in the South Iraq, during November 2019 to February 2020. Samples were collected from 175 infected lungs goat pneumonia of the most difficult case to treat after exacerbating it. Regular veterinary examination and testing is an essential step in disease management as it becomes non-reactive to treatments in the later stage. It causes a lot of damage to the health and economic situation, by affecting the production and reproduction of the animal and its effect on quality of production of milk and hair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study presents a first electrochemical method for the determination of the immunomodulator drug Baricitinib (BARI), crucial in managing COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen support. A unique electrode was developed by modifying graphite carbon nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) with functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f.MWCNTs), resulting in nanohybrids tailored for highly sensitive BARI detection. Comparative analysis revealed the superior electrocatalytic performance of the nanohybrid-modified electrode over unmodified counterparts and other modifications, attributed to synergistic interactions between f.MWCNTs and nickel nanoparticles. Under optimized conditions, the sensors exhibited linear detection within a concentration range from 4.00 × 10 -8 to 5.56 × 10 -5 M, with a remarkably low detection limit of 9.65 × 10 -9 M. Notably, the modified electrode displayed minimal interference from common substances and demonstrated high precision in detecting BARI in plasma and medicinal formulations, underscoring its clinical relevance and potential impact on COVID-19 treatment strategies.