The history of the city of Mecca, which is a center that has been the capital of the region for centuries in terms of religion, politics and trade, of which different information about its establishment can be found in the sources, begins with prophet Ibrahim according to the general opinion. The Kaʿba, which was built by prophet Ibrahim and his son prophet Ismail and has been the symbol of the belief of oneness for centuries, has been instrumental in both the emergence of a city life in its neighborhood and the fact that this city has been the capital of the Arabian Peninsula, especially the Hijaz region, for many years. Because the construction of the Kaʿba and the performance of the pilgrimage here first made the city a religious center, and then the Meccans, who used this advantage well, took over the commercial and political dominance in the region. In the time period when prophet Muhammad was born, Mecca continued to be home to the Quraysh tribe and to be a center of attraction in the religious and commercial sense. In fact, the city, which was attacked by the governor of Yemen, Abraha, due to its location in the Arabian Peninsula just before the birth of prophet Muhammad, survived this attack without any loss, and as a result, the prestige of both Quraysh and Mecca in the eyes of the Arabs increased even more. Mecca, which was experiencing one of the most glorious periods of its history in terms of religion and commerce at the time of prophet Muhammad’s birth, found itself in a new struggle with his assignment as a prophet. The first phase of this struggle, which would eventually result in the emigration of the Muslims, turned into a different form when the city was conquered by the Muslims shortly after the migration. Mecca received the first major political blow when the Muslims migrated to Medina and laid the foundations of a new state there, and subsequently, as the Quraysh struggled with the Muslims and eventually lost their cities, it began to lose its political and commercial power in the region day by day. Even after Prophet Muḥammad’s conquest of the city, he did not settle here, appointed a governor and returned to Medina, causing Mecca to lose its capital status. Mecca, which was ruled by governors appointed by Prophet Muḥammad and the Rightly Guided Caliphs after the conquest, was generally ruled by the governors of Medina, who were members of the Umayyads, together with al-Ṭāʾif during the Umayyads period, and hosted many troubles and internal turmoil during this period, both the people living in the city and the Kaʿba. Many structures were damaged. During the period of the ʿAbbāsids who came to power as a result of the revolution they organized against the Umayyads, Mecca became one of the centers of the opposition movements, especially the son of ʿAlī and his supporters, and the area of the domination struggle of the newly established states. In the next period, while the rulers descended from Caliph ʿAlī tried to keep the administration of the city on the one hand, on the other hand, with the weakening of the ʿAbbāsids, many Shīʿī and Sunnī dynasties, especially the Fāṭimids and Ayyūbids, tried to dominate the city and therefore the Islamic world. In this study, the administration of the city of Mecca will be revealed through the military and political activities of the states that had a say in the Islamic world of the period. In this context, the subject will be dealt with in four main periods, namely the ʿAbbāsids, Ayyūbids, Mamlūks and Ottomans, and the events that can be regarded as milestones in these periods. Although there are many kinds of studies on the subject we have discussed, thanks to this study, it is possible to reach clear and compact information by adhering to first-hand sources and to determine what kind of activities and which Muslim states have done throughout history with an objective point of view about the administration of the city of Mecca, which can be considered as the common value of Muslims. In this study, it will be tried to put forward that they are involved and the effects of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]