10 results on '"Abay, Mehari H."'
Search Results
2. Social protection and resilience: The case of the productive safety net program in Ethiopia
- Author
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Abay, Kibrom A., Abay, Mehari H., Berhane, Guush, and Chamberlin, Jordan
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Near-real-time welfare and livelihood impacts of an active war: Evidence from Ethiopia
- Author
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Fragility, Conflict and Migration; National Policies and Strategies, Abay, Kibrom A.; Tafere, Kibrom; Berhane, Guush; Chamberlin, Jordan; Abay, Mehari H., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-2421 Abay, Kibrom; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-9483 Berhane, Guush, Fragility, Conflict and Migration; National Policies and Strategies, Abay, Kibrom A.; Tafere, Kibrom; Berhane, Guush; Chamberlin, Jordan; Abay, Mehari H., and https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-2421 Abay, Kibrom; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-9483 Berhane, Guush
- Abstract
PR, IFPRI3; ISI; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; IFPRIOA, Innovation Policy and Scaling (IPS); Transformation Strategies, Ethiopia recently experienced a large-scale war that lasted for more than two years. Using unique High-Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) data, which span several months before and after the outbreak of the war, this paper provides evidence on the immediate impacts of the conflict on households’ food security. We also assess potential mechanisms and evaluate impacts on proximate outcomes, including on livelihood activities and access to food markets. We use difference-in-differences and two-way fixed effects estimation to compare trends across affected and unaffected regions (households) and before and after the outbreak of the war. Seven months into the conflict, we find that the war was associated with a 37 percentage points increase in the probability of moderate to severe food insecurity. Using the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED), we show that exposure to an additional battle leads to a 1 percentage point increase in the probability of moderate or severe food insecurity. The conflict was associated with significant reduction in access to food through supply chain disruptions and by curtailing non-farm livelihood activities. Non-farm and wage related activities were affected the most, whereas farming activities were relatively more resilient. Our estimates, which likely underestimate the true average effects on the population, constitute novel evidence on the near-real-time impacts of large-scale conflict. Our work highlights the potential of HFPS to monitor active and large-scale conflicts, especially in contexts where conventional data sources are not immediately available.
- Published
- 2023
4. Near-Real-Time Welfare and Livelihood Impacts of an Active Civil War : Evidence from Ethiopia
- Author
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Abay, Kibrom A., Tafere, Kibrom, Berhane, Guush, Chamberlin, Jordan, and Abay, Mehari H.
- Subjects
ARMED CONFLICT ,HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ,FOOD ASSISTANCE ,PHONE SURVEY DATA ,FOOD INSECURITY ,LIVELIHOODS ,CIVIL WAR ,VIOLENT CONFLICT ,WAR IMPACT ,WELFARE IMPACT OF ARMED CONFLICT ,CONFLICT AND DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME ,CONFLICT - Abstract
Ethiopia is currently embroiled in a large-scale civil war that has continued for more than a year. Using unique High-Frequency Phone Survey data, which spans several months before and after the outbreak of the war, this paper provides fresh evidence on the ex durante impacts of the conflict on the food security and livelihood activities of affected households. The analysis uses difference-in-differences estimation to compare trends in the outcomes of interest across affected and unaffected regions (households) and before and after the outbreak of the civil war. The findings show that seven months into the conflict, the outbreak of the civil war increased the probability of moderate to severe food insecurity by 38 percentage points. Using the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data on households’ exposure to violent conflict, the analysis shows that exposure to one additional battle leads to a 1 percentage point increase in the probability of moderate to severe food insecurity. The conflict has reduced households’ access to food through supply chain disruptions while also curtailing non-farm livelihood activities. Non-farm and wage-related activities have been the most affected by the conflict, while farming activities have been relatively more resilient. Similarly, economic activities in urban areas have been much more affected than those in rural areas. These substantial impact estimates, which are likely to be underestimates of the true average effects on the population, constitute novel evidence of the near-real-time impacts of an ongoing civil conflict, providing direct evidence of how violent conflict disrupts the functioning of market supply chains and livelihoods activities. The paper highlights the potential of phone surveys to monitor active and large-scale conflicts, especially in contexts where conventional data sources are not immediately available.
- Published
- 2022
5. Near-Real-Time Welfare and Livelihood Impacts of an Active Civil War: Evidence from Ethiopia
- Author
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Abay, Kibrom A., primary, Tafere, Kibrom, additional, Berhane, Guush, additional, Chamberlin, Jordan, additional, and Abay, Mehari H., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Mismatch between soil nutrient deficiencies and fertilizer applications: Implications for yield responses in Ethiopia
- Author
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Abay, Kibrom A., primary, Abay, Mehari H., additional, Amare, Mulubrhan, additional, Berhane, Guush, additional, and Aynekulu, Ermias, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Mismatch between soil nutrient deficiencies and fertilizer applications: Implications for yield responses in Ethiopia.
- Author
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Abay, Kibrom A., Abay, Mehari H., Amare, Mulubrhan, Berhane, Guush, and Aynekulu, Ermias
- Subjects
FERTILIZER application ,DEFICIENCY diseases ,ACID soils ,PHOSPHATE fertilizers ,NITROGEN fertilizers ,AGRICULTURAL economics - Abstract
Lack of accurate information about soil nutrient deficiencies coupled with limited access to appropriate fertilizers could lead to mismatch between soil nutrient deficiencies (requirements) and fertilizer applications. Such anomalies and mismatches are likely to have important implications for agricultural productivity. In this article we use experimental (spectral soil analysis) data from Ethiopia to examine farmers' response to soil nutrient deficiencies and its implications for yield responses. We find that farmers' response to macronutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) deficiencies is not always consistent with agronomic recommendations. For example, we find that farmers in our sample are applying nitrogen fertilizers to soils lacking phosphorus, potentially due to lack of information on soil nutrient deficiencies or lack of access to appropriate fertilizers in rural markets. On the other hand, farmers respond to perceivably poor‐quality and acidic soils by applying higher amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. We further show that such mismatches between fertilizer applications and soil macronutrient deficiencies are potentially yield‐reducing. Those farmers matching their soil nutrient deficiencies (requirements) and fertilizer application are likely to enjoy additional yield gains. Marginal yield response associated with nitrogen (phosphorus) application increases with nitrogen (phosphorus) deficiency in soils. Similarly, we find that farmers' response to acidic soils is not yield‐enhancing. These findings suggest that such mismatches may explain heterogeneities in marginal returns to chemical fertilizers and the observed low adoption rates of chemical fertilizers in sub‐Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Gender Implications of Agricultural Commercialization in Africa Evidence from Farm Households in Ethiopia and Nigeria .
- Author
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Berhane, Guush, Abay, Mehari H., and Seymour, Greg
- Abstract
Agricultural commercialization is often pursued as an important driver of agricultural transformation in low-income countries. However, the implications it can have on gendered outcomes are less understood. While agricultural commercialization creates opportunities to increase income, this may come at the expense of change in women’s decision-making agency and control over resources. Understanding the interactions between agricultural commercialization and gender outcomes is thus critical for policymakers aspiring to achieve agricultural transformation while promoting gender equity and the evidence on the links between the two in the context of Africa is scarce and mixed. We use three rounds of Ethiopia’s and Nigeria’s LSMS-ISA panel data to understand the implications of agricultural commercialization to gendered decision-making on crop harvest use, marketing, revenue control, asset ownership, and intrahousehold budget allocation. Results indicate commercialization is associated with decreases in women’s participation in decision-making related to use of harvest, crop marketing, and control over revenue in Ethiopia, but only on harvest use and control over revenue in Nigeria. The association with land ownership is mixed: positive in Ethiopia but negative in Nigeria. Moreover, commercialization is associated with decreases in women’s share of farm-workload but with increases in share of hired labor in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia we also find women’s control over revenue is positively associated with increases in per capita consumption expenditures and dietary diversity, but men’s control is negatively associated with increases in the share of expenditure on children’s shoes and clothes. In Nigeria, women’s control is positively associated with increases in the share of expenditure on women’s shoes and clothes, food gap, and dietary diversity. In sum, we find suggestive evidence that commercialization may further marginalize women’s decision-making agency in Ethiopia and Nigeria. However, conditional on women’s control over proceeds, commercialization tends to improve women’s as well as other members’ welfare. We provide some policy recommendations and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
9. Mismatch between Soil Nutrient Requirements and Fertilizer Applications: Implications for Yield Responses in Ethiopia.
- Author
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Abay, Kibrom A., Abay, Mehari H., Amare, Mulubrhan, Berhane, Guush, and Aynekulu, Ermias
- Subjects
FERTILIZER application ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,ACID soils ,PHOSPHATE fertilizers ,NITROGEN fertilizers ,AGRICULTURAL economics - Abstract
Lack of accurate information about soil nutrient requirements coupled with limited access to appropriate fertilizers could lead to mismatch between soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer applications. Such anomalies and mismatches are likely to have important implications for agricultural productivity. In this paper we use experimental (spectral soil analysis) data from Ethiopia to examine farmers' response to soil nutrient deficiencies and its implications for yield responses. We find that farmers' response to macronutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) deficiencies is not always consistent with agronomic recommendations. For instance, we find that farmers in our sample are applying nitrogen fertilizers to soils lacking phosphorus, potentially due to lack of information on soil nutrient deficiencies or lack of access to appropriate fertilizers in rural markets. On the other hand, farmers respond to perceivably poor-quality soils and acidic soils by applying higher amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers per unit of land. We further show that such mismatches between fertilizer applications and soil macronutrient requirements are potentially yield-reducing. Those farmers matching their soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer application are likely to enjoy additional yield gains and the vice versa. Marginal yield responses associated with nitrogen (phosphorus) application increases with soil nitrogen (phosphorus) deficiency. Similarly, we find that farmers' response to acidic soils is not yield-enhancing. These findings suggest that such mismatches may explain heterogeneities in marginal returns to chemical fertilizers and the observed low adoption rates of chemical fertilizers in sub-Saharan Africa. As such, these findings have important implications for improving input management practices and fertilizer diffusion strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
10. Social Protection and Resilience The Case of the Productive Safety Net Program in Ethiopia.
- Author
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Abay, Kibrom A., Abay, Mehari H., Berhane, Guush, and Chamberlin, Jordan
- Subjects
PANEL analysis ,TIME perspective ,SOCIAL services ,SOCIAL impact ,INCOME - Abstract
Improving household resilience is becoming one of the key focus and target of social protection programs in Africa. However, there is surprisingly little direct evidence of the impacts of social protection programs on household resilience measures. We use five rounds of panel data to examine rural households' resilience outcomes associated with participation in Ethiopia's Productive Safety Nets Program (PSNP). Following Cissé and Barrett (2018), we employ a probabilistic moment-based approach for measuring resilience and evaluate the role of PSNP transfers and duration of participation on households' resilience. We document four important findings. First, although PSNP transfers are positively associated with resilience, PSNP transfers below the median are less likely to generate meaningful improvements in resilience. Second, continuous participation in the PSNP participation is associated with higher resilience. Third, combining safety nets with income generating or asset building initiatives may be particularly efficacious at building poor households' resilience. Fourth, our evaluation of both short-term welfare outcomes and longer-term resilience suggests that these outcomes are likely to be driven by different factors, suggesting that optimizing intervention designs for improving short term welfare impacts may not necessarily improve households' resilience, and vice versa. Together, our findings imply that effectively boosting household resilience may require significant transfers over multiple years. National safety nets programs that transfer small amounts to beneficiaries over limited time horizons may not be very effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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