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Given the increased natural resource consumption of contemporary energy conversion systems, as well as the emissions, waste disposal, and climate changes that accompany them, a critical review of new techniques - known as thermo-economic and thermo-environmental analyses - has been carried out for the evaluation and optimization of energy conversion processes, from the perspectives of thermodynamics, economics, and the environment. Such a review study is essential because of the energy system's impacts on sustainability and performance management requirements, and more importantly, it is crucial to understand the whole picture of performance evaluation of energy systems from the sustainability perspective. The study evaluated the performance and optimization of energy systems and examined the different approaches that integrate the economic, environmental, and second law of thermodynamics for sustainable development. Moreover, to assess the technical, economic, and environmental worth of energy systems and guarantee that the chosen designs are well-suited to a sustainable development framework, a mix of thermodynamic, economic, and environmental indicators is taken into consideration. In this regard, thirteen sustainability indicators for the design, analysis, and performance improvement of energy systems from the viewpoints of thermodynamics, economics, and the environment are presented and discussed. The outcome of this study shows that (i) the sustainability of energy conversion systems can be enhanced with the use of exergy techniques assessment; (ii) by reducing energy losses, exergy efficiency initiatives can lessen their adverse effects on the environment; (iii) the best methods for efficient use of energy resources, low energy production costs, and less environmental impact can be provided by hybrid energy systems; and (iv) use of a single performance metric to optimize the energy process results in improbable outcomes. Hence, multi-criteria techniques should be utilized, allowing for a more comprehensive optimization and planning of sustainable energy systems. Researchers and field engineers working on energy systems' design, modeling, assessment, and performance optimization would find great value in this comprehensive review study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advantages of reusability, lower cost, and environmentally friendly operation have made the heterogeneous catalyzed methylic process a preferable alternative to the homogeneously catalyzed protocol. The optimal production yield of palm kernel shell oil (PKSO) methyl ester (PKSOME) was modeled using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The cost of PKSOME was determined, and the synthesized PKSOME was blended with diesel fuel with various volume ratios. Several analyses were done, including thermophysical properties using ASTM test methods, density and viscosity, fire point and flash point, aniline point, and acid value. Emission characteristics such as exhaust smoke, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide were measured using an IC engine. The use of waste eggshells for heterogeneously catalyzed biodiesel from underutilized PKSO for green diesel can reduce production costs even further. The green biodiesel model and TP correlations have applications in the biodiesel and aviation industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of energy in sustainable development and the need for research and development in energy conversion systems. It highlights the limitations of current energy systems and the goal of achieving sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solutions. The article also provides an overview of a research topic on recent developments in energy conversion systems, including papers on topics such as piezoelectric materials, corrosion control methods, lithium-ion batteries, renewable off-grid mini-grids, and materials for fuel cells. The research topic has received positive responses and has generated significant interest. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing research for a more sustainable and energy-efficient future. [Extracted from the article]

A thermodynamic modification of an ORC integrated with turbine bleeding and regeneration (ORCTBR) is presented. The objective is to modify the ORCTBR for both cooling and power generation (ORCNOV). First, a thermodynamic break down of the components based on exergy was performed followed by a sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that at based conditions the maximum efficiency obtained with ORCNOV was about 52% using R245fa at a heat input of 252 kW. The improvement in efficiency was estimated at 7.2% when compared with ORCTBR. The highest cooling rate was achieved using R1234yf, R245fa, and R1234ze by 11.14, 10.60, and 10.11 kW, respectively. Additionally, the ORCNOV showed improved performance in turbine output power of approximately 2%. However, the sensitivity studies show that the exergy destruction gap was not greater than 45% between the ORCTBR and ORCNOV, and high cooling rates are feasible at increased condenser (1) pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents the wind energy potential (WEP) for six locations in Cross River State, Nigeria. The objective of the study was to assess the WEP of the selected sites for electricity generation, using small size wind energy conversion systems (WECs). The wind data were measured at 10 m height and ranged from 4 to 10 years. Additionally, the data were evaluated using the two-parameter Weibull function. Results obtained show that annual mean wind speed, vm, and Weibull parameters k and c range from 3.21 to 4.55 m/s, 3.32 to 6.69 and 2.99 to 5.40 m/s, in that order. The cost per kWh of energy for the selected WECs fluctuated between 0.0626 ≤ COE ≤ 0.1375 USD/kWh, while the avoidable CO2 emissions exist between 0.64 and 38.21 tons/year. However, the probable savings made from diesel was not greater than 14,524.94 litres/year for the locations with high WEP for small-scale stand-alone applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]