Search

Legumes have become increasingly in demand due to the rich nutrient compositions and phytochemicals of pulses. However, the seed coats of some legume food products were removed prior consumption causing the food loss its nutritional value. The red kidney bean, RKB (Phaseolus vulgaris) and chickpea, CP (Cicer arietenum) which are the common beans among population were investigated in this study. Seed coats of these beans were analysed for the nutritional composition, phenolic compound and antioxidant properties. Carbohydrate was the major macronutrient in both seed coats. RKB and CP seed coats showed statistically significant composition of moisture, fat, protein and fibre. The caloric value of RKB seed coat (2.63 kcal/g) is higher than CP seed coat (2.29 kcal/g). Nevertheless, CP seed coat is a better source of fibre (27%) than RKB seed coat. Total phenolic content (TPC) of RKB seed coat was 12.14 mg GAE/g, which is much higher than in CP seed coat (0.25 mg GAE/g). Interestingly, the seed coat of RKB has strong antioxidant potency with DPPH assay (IC50 = 105.18 µg/ml) comparable to standard Trolox (IC50 = 96.42 µg/ml), which is much lower than the seed coat of CP (IC50 = 606.12 µg/ml). In addition, the antioxidant activity was highly correlated with TPC content of both seed coats. These properties make the seed coat of both beans are excellent candidates of potent nutraceutical.

Legumes have become increasingly in demand due to the rich nutrient compositions and phytochemicals of pulses. However, the seed coats of some legume food products were removed prior consumption causing the food loss its nutritional value. The red kidney bean, RKB (Phaseolus vulgaris) and chickpea, CP (Cicer arietenum) which are the common beans among population were investigated in this study. Seed coats of these beans were analysed for the nutritional composition, phenolic compound and antioxidant properties. Carbohydrate was the major macronutrient in both seed coats. RKB and CP seed coats showed statistically significant composition of moisture, fat, protein and fibre. The caloric value of RKB seed coat (2.63 kcal/g) is higher than CP seed coat (2.29 kcal/g). Nevertheless, CP seed coat is a better source of fibre (27%) than RKB seed coat. Total phenolic content (TPC) of RKB seed coat was 12.14 mg GAE/g, which is much higher than in CP seed coat (0.25 mg GAE/g). Interestingly, the seed coat of RKB has strong antioxidant potency with DPPH assay (IC50 = 105.18 µg/ml) comparable to standard Trolox (IC50 = 96.42 µg/ml), which is much lower than the seed coat of CP (IC50 = 606.12 µg/ml). In addition, the antioxidant activity was highly correlated with TPC content of both seed coats. These properties make the seed coat of both beans are excellent candidates of potent nutraceutical.

People with disabilities are acknowledged as part of multiculturalism in term of the diversity in their abilities. The aspect of acceptance, fairness, indiscrimination and freedom are counted in deciding whether the equality concept in multiculturalism being practiced or not. This article is a systematic review study which explores equality practice in employment of people with disabilities. Electronic database, ScienceDirect, is used to search relevant reading materials and 10 journals are found by considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review is derived systematically from the trend of employment among people with disabilities, the factors that affect the chances of employment among disabilities and the adaptation of the people with disabilities in the world of work. Findings show that the main factor that is essential for employment opportunity is the type of disability. Implication for the workplace to accommodate includes modified working hours, modified duties and human support.

People with disabilities are acknowledged as part of multiculturalism in term of the diversity in their abilities. The aspect of acceptance, fairness, indiscrimination and freedom are counted in deciding whether the equality concept in multiculturalism being practiced or not. This article is a systematic review study which explores equality practice in employment of people with disabilities. Electronic database, ScienceDirect, is used to search relevant reading materials and 10 journals are found by considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review is derived systematically from the trend of employment among people with disabilities, the factors that affect the chances of employment among disabilities and the adaptation of the people with disabilities in the world of work. Findings show that the main factor that is essential for employment opportunity is the type of disability. Implication for the workplace to accommodate includes modified working hours, modified duties and human support.