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Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the effectiveness of music therapy for adolescents and young adults with anxiety disorders. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed in performing this systematic review. Studies published in the last 25 years from September 1997 to September 2022 were identified through the use of the Medline, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, using the keywords: music* AND anxi*. Two authors independently conducted a focused analysis and reached a final consensus on six studies that met the specific selection criteria and passed the study quality checks. Results: All six studies included showed significant improvement as measured by anxiety symptom severity measures for adolescents and young adults receiving music therapy. Conclusion: While music therapy has shown to be promising as a stand-alone or adjunctive treatment for anxiety disorders in adolescents and young adults, more research is needed to establish music therapy as an effective treatment.

Histone H3.3 mutations are a hallmark of pediatric gliomas, but their core oncogenic mechanisms are not well-defined. To identify major effectors, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to introduce H3.3K27M and G34R mutations into previously H3.3-wildtype brain cells, while in parallel reverting the mutations in glioma cells back to wildtype. ChIP-seq analysis broadly linked K27M to altered H3K27me3 activity including within super-enhancers, which exhibited perturbed transcriptional function. This was largely independent of H3.3 DNA binding. The K27M and G34R mutations induced several of the same pathways suggesting key shared oncogenic mechanisms including activation of neurogenesis and NOTCH pathway genes. H3.3 mutant gliomas are also particularly sensitive to NOTCH pathway gene knockdown and drug inhibition, reducing their viability in culture. Reciprocal editing of cells generally produced reciprocal effects on tumorgenicity in xenograft assays. Overall, our findings define common and distinct K27M and G34R oncogenic mechanisms, including potentially targetable pathways., Kuang-Yui Chen et al. show that histone H3.3 K27M and G34R mutations share key oncogenic mechanisms such as activation of neurogenesis and NOTCH pathway genes. They find that H3.3 mutant gliomas are sensitive to inhibition of the NOTCH pathway, suggesting a potentially targetable pathway in pediatric gliomas.

Objective To evaluate the utility of fetal lung mass imaging for predicting neonatal respiratory distress. Method Pregnancies with fetal lung masses between 2009 and 2014 at a single center were analyzed. Neonatal respiratory distress was defined as: Intubation and mechanical ventilation at birth, surgery before discharge, or ECMO. The predictive utility of the initial as well as maximal lung mass volume and congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) volume ratio (CVR) by US and MRI was analyzed. Results 47 fetal lung mass cases were included; of those, 8 (17%) had respiratory distress. The initial US was performed at similar gestational ages in pregnancies with and without respiratory distress (26.4 + 5.6 vs. 22.3 + 3 weeks, p = 0.09); however, those with respiratory distress had higher CVR at that time (1.0 vs. 0.3, p = 0.01). The strongest predictors of respiratory distress were maximal volume >24.0 cm3 by MRI (100% sensitivity, 91% specificity, 60% PPV, 100% NPV), and maximal volume >34.0 cm3 by US, (100% sensitivity, 85% specificity, 54% PPV, 100% NPV). Conclusion US and MRI parameters can predict neonatal respiratory distress, even when obtained before 24 weeks. Third trimester parameters demonstrated the best positive predictive value.

Pediatric high-grade gliomas often contain mutations in the H3F3A gene encoding the histone variant H3.3 and more rarely in canonical histone H3 family genes, a feature distinguishing them from adult gliomas. To define specific functionally significant changes in epigenomic states driven by mutant H3.3, we have utilized CRISPR-Cas9 to introduce specific H3.3 mutations (K27M, G34R) into formerly H3.3 wildtype (WT) brain and glioma cells, while in parallel also precisely reverting the pre-existing K27M and G34R mutations in patient-derived glioma cells to WT. In each case, gene editing was conducted on endogenous H3F3A alleles. Analyses of this overall panel of H3.3 gene-edited cells indicate that CRISPR-introduced K27M or G34R mutations within formerly H3.3 WT cells leads to increased gliomatypic signatures: elevated expression of specific oncogenes as well as neurogenesis and Notch signaling pathway genes, and perturbation of specific histone post-translational marks. Conversely, gene editing-based reversion of histone mutations to WT in primary glioma cells partially reverses glioma-associated phenotypes. Gene editing of K27M also yields coherent phenotype changes in xenograft assays. K27M and G34R mutations appear to function via both shared and unique epigenomic mechanisms. Targeting the mutant H3.3 effector pathways identified by our analyses in our full panel of cells with specific inhibitory drugs plus or minus irradiation defines differential, largely opposite responses of the parental and gene-edited cells. These defined pathways may serve as entry points for development of novel therapies specific for H3.3-mutant pediatric glioma. Overall, this system of gene editing gain and loss of mutant H3.3 provides new insights into oncohistone mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

The objective of this article is to evaluate the utility of fetal lung mass imaging for predicting neonatal respiratory distress.Pregnancies with fetal lung masses between 2009 and 2014 at a single center were analyzed. Neonatal respiratory distress was defined as intubation and mechanical ventilation at birth, surgery before discharge, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The predictive utility of the initial as well as maximal lung mass volume and congenital pulmonary airway malformation volume ratio by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was analyzed.Forty-seven fetal lung mass cases were included; of those, eight (17%) had respiratory distress. The initial US was performed at similar gestational ages in pregnancies with and without respiratory distress (26.4 ± 5.6 vs 22.3 ± 3 weeks, p = 0.09); however, those with respiratory distress had higher congenital volume ratio at that time (1.0 vs 0.3, p = 0.01). The strongest predictors of respiratory distress were maximal volume24.0 cmUltrasound and MRI parameters can predict neonatal respiratory distress, even when obtained before 24 weeks. Third trimester parameters demonstrated the best positive predictive value. © 2017 John WileySons, Ltd.