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2. Overall Behavioural Index (OBI) For Measuring Segregation

Author

Goel, Rahul, Sharma, Rajesh, and Aasa, Anto

Subjects
Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

Segregation, defined as the degree of separation between two or more population groups, helps to understand a complex social environment and subsequently provides a basis for public policy intervention. To measure segregation, past works often propose indexes that are criticized for being over-simplified and over-reduced. In other words, these indexes use the highly aggregated information to measure segregation. In this paper, we propose three novel indexes to measure segregation, namely: (i) Individual Segregation Index (ISI), (ii) Individual Inclination Index (III), and (iii) Overall Behavioural Index (OBI). The ISI index measures individuals' segregation, and the III index reports the individuals' inclination towards other population groups. The OBI index, calculated using both III and ISI index, is non-simplified and not only recognizes individuals' connectivity behaviour but group's connectivity behavioural distribution as well. By considering commonly used Freeman's segregation and homophily index as baseline indexes, we compare the OBI index on real call data records (CDR) dataset of Estonia to show the effectiveness of the proposed indexes.

Published
2021

8. Estonian National Mental Health Study: Design and methods for a registry‐linked longitudinal survey

Author

Laidra, Kaia, primary, Reile, Rainer, additional, Havik, Merle, additional, Leinsalu, Mall, additional, Murd, Carolina, additional, Tulviste, Jaan, additional, Tamson, Merili, additional, Akkermann, Kirsti, additional, Kreegipuu, Kairi, additional, Sultson, Hedvig, additional, Ainsaar, Mare, additional, Uusberg, Andero, additional, Rahno, Jaana, additional, Panov, Liisi, additional, Leetmaa, Kadri, additional, Aasa, Anto, additional, Veidebaum, Toomas, additional, Lehto, Kelli, additional, and Konstabel, Kenn, additional

Published
2023
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9. Global Boundary Lines of N2O and CH4 Emission in Peatlands

Author

Pärn, Jaan, Aasa, Anto, Egorov, Sergey, Filippov, Ilya, Gabiri, Geofrey, Gheorghe, Iuliana, Järveoja, Järvi, Kasak, Kuno, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, Luswata, Charles Kizza, Maddison, Martin, Mitsch, William J., Óskarsson, Hlynur, Pellerin, Stéphanie, Salm, Jüri-Ott, Sohar, Kristina, Soosaar, Kaido, Teemusk, Alar, Tenywa, Moses M., Villa, Jorge A., Vohla, Christina, Mander, Ülo, and Vymazal, Jan, editor

Published
2015
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10. Estonian National Mental Health Study : Design and methods for a registry‐linked longitudinal survey

Author

Laidra, Kaia, Reile, Rainer, Havik, Merle, Leinsalu, Mall, Murd, Carolina, Tulviste, Jaan, Tamson, Merili, Akkermann, Kirsti, Kreegipuu, Kairi, Sultson, Hedvig, Ainsaar, Mare, Uusberg, Andero, Rahno, Jaana, Panov, Liisi, Leetmaa, Kadri, Aasa, Anto, Veidebaum, Toomas, Lehto, Kelli, Konstabel, Kenn, Laidra, Kaia, Reile, Rainer, Havik, Merle, Leinsalu, Mall, Murd, Carolina, Tulviste, Jaan, Tamson, Merili, Akkermann, Kirsti, Kreegipuu, Kairi, Sultson, Hedvig, Ainsaar, Mare, Uusberg, Andero, Rahno, Jaana, Panov, Liisi, Leetmaa, Kadri, Aasa, Anto, Veidebaum, Toomas, Lehto, Kelli, and Konstabel, Kenn

Abstract

Objectives The Estonian National Mental Health Study (EMHS) was conducted in 2021–2022 to provide population-wide data on mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this paper is to describe the rationale, design, and methods of the EMHS and to evaluate the survey response. Methods Regionally representative stratified random sample of 20,000 persons aged 15 years and older was drawn from the Estonian Population Register for the study. Persons aged 18 years and older at the time of the sampling were enrolled into three survey waves where they were invited to complete an online or postal questionnaire about mental well-being and disorders, and behavioral, cognitive, and other risk factors. Persons younger than 18 years of age were invited to fill an anonymous online questionnaire starting from wave 2. To complement and validate survey data, data on socio-demographic, health-related, and environmental variables were collected from six national administrative databases and registries. Additionally, a subsample was enrolled into a validation study using ecological momentary assessment. Results In total, 5636 adults participated in the survey wave 1, 3751 in wave 2, and 4744 in wave 3. Adjusted response rates were 30.6%, 21.1%, and 27.6%, respectively. Women and older age groups were more likely to respond. Throughout the three survey waves, a considerable share of adult respondents screened positive for depression (27.6%, 25.1%, and 25.6% in waves 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Women and young adults aged 18 to 29 years had the highest prevalence of depression symptoms. Conclusions The registry-linked longitudinal EMHS dataset comprises a rich and trustworthy data source to allow in-depth analysis of mental health outcomes and their correlates among the Estonian population. The study serves as an evidence base for planning mental health policies and prevention measures for possible future crises.

Published
2023
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12. Climate-related Change in Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems

Author

Smith, Benjamin, Aasa, Anto, Ahas, Rein, Blenckner, Thorsten, Callaghan, Terry V., de Chazal, Jacqueline, Humborg, Christoph, Jönsson, Anna Maria, Kellomäki, Seppo, Kull, Ain, Lehikoinen, Esa, Mander, Ülo, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Rounsevell, Mark, Sofiev, Mikhail, Tryjanowski, Piotr, Wolf, Annett, Bolle, H.-J., editor, Menenti, M., editor, and Rasool, I., editor

Published
2008
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15. Long-term changes in drought indices in eastern and central Europe

Author

Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia), European Commission, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Domínguez-Castro, Fernando [0000-0003-3085-7040], Vicente Serrano, Sergio M. [0000-0003-2892-518X], Jaagus, Jaak, Aasa, Anto, Aniskevich, Svetlana, Boincean, Boris, Bojariu, Roxana, Briede, Agrita, Danilovich, Irina, Domínguez-Castro, Fernando, Dumitrescu, Alexandru, Labuda, Martin, Labudová, Lívia, Lõhmus, Krista, Melnik, Viktar, Mõisja, Kiira, Pongracz, Rita, Potopová, Vera, Řezníčková, Ladislava, Rimkus, Egidijus, Semenova, Inna, Stonevičius, Edvinas, Stepanek, Petr, Trnka, Miroslav, Vicente Serrano, Sergio M., Wibig, Joanna, Zahradníček, Pavel, Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia), European Commission, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Domínguez-Castro, Fernando [0000-0003-3085-7040], Vicente Serrano, Sergio M. [0000-0003-2892-518X], Jaagus, Jaak, Aasa, Anto, Aniskevich, Svetlana, Boincean, Boris, Bojariu, Roxana, Briede, Agrita, Danilovich, Irina, Domínguez-Castro, Fernando, Dumitrescu, Alexandru, Labuda, Martin, Labudová, Lívia, Lõhmus, Krista, Melnik, Viktar, Mõisja, Kiira, Pongracz, Rita, Potopová, Vera, Řezníčková, Ladislava, Rimkus, Egidijus, Semenova, Inna, Stonevičius, Edvinas, Stepanek, Petr, Trnka, Miroslav, Vicente Serrano, Sergio M., Wibig, Joanna, and Zahradníček, Pavel

Abstract

This study analyses long-term changes in drought indices (Standardised Precipitation Index—SPI, Standardised Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index—SPEI) at 1 and 3 months scales at 182 stations in 11 central and eastern European countries during 1949–2018. For comparative purposes, the necessary atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) to obtain SPEI was calculated using two methods, Hargreaves-Samani (SPEIH) and Penman-Monteith (SPEIP). The results show some relevant changes and tendencies in the drought indices. Statistically significant increase in SPI and SPEI during the cold season (November–March), reflecting precipitation increase, was found in the northern part of the study region, in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, northern Belarus and northern Poland. In the rest of study domain, a weak and mostly insignificant decrease prevailed in winter. Summer season (June–August) is characterized by changes in the opposite sign. An increase was observed in the north, while a clear decrease in SPEI, reflecting a drying trend, was typical for the southern regions: the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova and southern Poland. A general drying tendency revealed also in April, which was statistically significant over a wide area in the Czech Republic and Poland. Increasing trends in SPI and SPEI for September and October were detected in Romania, Moldova and Hungary. The use of SPEI instead of SPI generally enhances drying trends.

Published
2022

18. Global Boundary Lines of N2O and CH4 Emission in Peatlands

Author

Pärn, Jaan, primary, Aasa, Anto, additional, Egorov, Sergey, additional, Filippov, Ilya, additional, Gabiri, Geofrey, additional, Gheorghe, Iuliana, additional, Järveoja, Järvi, additional, Kasak, Kuno, additional, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, additional, Luswata, Charles Kizza, additional, Maddison, Martin, additional, Mitsch, William J., additional, Óskarsson, Hlynur, additional, Pellerin, Stéphanie, additional, Salm, Jüri-Ott, additional, Sohar, Kristina, additional, Soosaar, Kaido, additional, Teemusk, Alar, additional, Tenywa, Moses M., additional, Villa, Jorge A., additional, Vohla, Christina, additional, and Mander, Ülo, additional

Published
2014
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19. Long‐term changes in drought indices in eastern and central Europe

Author

Jaagus, Jaak, primary, Aasa, Anto, additional, Aniskevich, Svetlana, additional, Boincean, Boris, additional, Bojariu, Roxana, additional, Briede, Agrita, additional, Danilovich, Irina, additional, Castro, Fernando Domínguez, additional, Dumitrescu, Alexandru, additional, Labuda, Martin, additional, Labudová, Lívia, additional, Lõhmus, Krista, additional, Melnik, Viktar, additional, Mõisja, Kiira, additional, Pongracz, Rita, additional, Potopová, Vera, additional, Řezníčková, Ladislava, additional, Rimkus, Egidijus, additional, Semenova, Inna, additional, Stonevičius, Edvinas, additional, Štěpánek, Petr, additional, Trnka, Miroslav, additional, Vicente‐Serrano, Sergio M., additional, Wibig, Joanna, additional, and Zahradníček, Pavel, additional

Published
2021
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25. Long‐term changes in drought indices in eastern and central Europe.

Author

Jaagus, Jaak, Aasa, Anto, Aniskevich, Svetlana, Boincean, Boris, Bojariu, Roxana, Briede, Agrita, Danilovich, Irina, Castro, Fernando Domínguez, Dumitrescu, Alexandru, Labuda, Martin, Labudová, Lívia, Lõhmus, Krista, Melnik, Viktar, Mõisja, Kiira, Pongracz, Rita, Potopová, Vera, Řezníčková, Ladislava, Rimkus, Egidijus, Semenova, Inna, and Stonevičius, Edvinas

Subjects
*SUMMER, *DROUGHTS, *TREND analysis
Abstract

This study analyses long‐term changes in drought indices (Standardised Precipitation Index—SPI, Standardised Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index—SPEI) at 1 and 3 months scales at 182 stations in 11 central and eastern European countries during 1949–2018. For comparative purposes, the necessary atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) to obtain SPEI was calculated using two methods, Hargreaves‐Samani (SPEIH) and Penman‐Monteith (SPEIP). The results show some relevant changes and tendencies in the drought indices. Statistically significant increase in SPI and SPEI during the cold season (November–March), reflecting precipitation increase, was found in the northern part of the study region, in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, northern Belarus and northern Poland. In the rest of study domain, a weak and mostly insignificant decrease prevailed in winter. Summer season (June–August) is characterized by changes in the opposite sign. An increase was observed in the north, while a clear decrease in SPEI, reflecting a drying trend, was typical for the southern regions: the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova and southern Poland. A general drying tendency revealed also in April, which was statistically significant over a wide area in the Czech Republic and Poland. Increasing trends in SPI and SPEI for September and October were detected in Romania, Moldova and Hungary. The use of SPEI instead of SPI generally enhances drying trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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28. Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots

Author

Pärn, Jaan, Verhoeven, Jos T.A., Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Dise, Nancy B., Ullah, Sami, Aasa, Anto, Egorov, Sergey, Espenberg, Mikk, Järveoja, Järvi, Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Kasak, Kuno, Klemedtsson, Leif, Kull, Ain, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, Lapshina, Elena D., Lohila, Annalea, Lõhmus, Krista, Maddison, Martin, Mitsch, William J., Müller, Christoph, Niinemets, Ülo, Osborne, Bruce, Pae, Taavi, Salm, Jüri Ott, Sgouridis, Fotis, Sohar, Kristina, Soosaar, Kaido, Storey, Kathryn, Teemusk, Alar, Tenywa, Moses M., Tournebize, Julien, Truu, Jaak, Veber, Gert, Villa, Jorge A., Zaw, Seint Sann, Mander, Ülo, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Geography, Tartu, University of Tartu, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University [Keele], Ecology and Biodiversity, Departement of Biology, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institute of Meteoroly and Climate Research, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Earth Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), UNESCO Chair of Environnemental Dynamics and Climate Change, Yugra State University, Atmospheric Composition Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Botany [Tartu], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu-University of Tartu, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Estonian Fund for Nature, School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, Corporacion Universitaria Lasallista, Forest Resource Environment Development and Conservation Association, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Makerere University (MAK), ANR-10-LABX-100-01/10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry(all), Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Physics and Astronomy(all), 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Orders of magnitude (specific energy), ddc:550, Author Correction, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, GB, Multidisciplinary, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, Nitrous oxide, 15. Life on land, Ozone depletion, 6. Clean water, Nitrogen rich, Earth sciences, Agriculture and Soil Science, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and the main driver of stratospheric ozone depletion. Since soils are the largest source of N2O, predicting soil response to changes in climate or land use is central to understanding and managing N2O. Here we find that N2O flux can be predicted by models incorporating soil nitrate concentration (NO3−), water content and temperature using a global field survey of N2O emissions and potential driving factors across a wide range of organic soils. N2O emissions increase with NO3− and follow a bell-shaped distribution with water content. Combining the two functions explains 72% of N2O emission from all organic soils. Above 5 mg NO3−-N kg−1, either draining wet soils or irrigating well-drained soils increases N2O emission by orders of magnitude. As soil temperature together with NO3− explains 69% of N2O emission, tropical wetlands should be a priority for N2O management.

Published
2018

29. Author Correction: Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots (Nature Communications (2018)

Author

Pärn, Jaan, Verhoeven, Jos T. A., Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Dise, Nancy B., Ullah, Sami, Aasa, Anto, Egorov, Sergey, Espenberg, Mikk, Järveoja, Järvi, Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Kasak, Kuno, Klemedtsson, Leif, Kull, Ain, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, Lapshina, Elena D., Lohila, Annalea, Lõhmus, Krista, Maddison, Martin, Mitsch, William J., Müller, Christoph, Niinemets, Ülo, Osborne, Bruce, Pae, Taavi, Salm, Jüri-Ott, Sgouridis, Fotis, Sohar, Kristina, Soosaar, Kaido, Storey, Kathryn, Teemusk, Alar, Tenywa, Moses M., Tournebize, Julien, Truu, Jaak, Veber, Gert, Villa, Jorge A., Zaw, Seint Sann, and Mander, Ülo

Subjects
Earth sciences, ddc:550
Published
2018

30. Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Pärn, Jaan, Verhoeven, Jos T.A., Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Dise, Nancy B., Ullah, Sami, Aasa, Anto, Egorov, Sergey, Espenberg, Mikk, Järveoja, Järvi, Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Kasak, Kuno, Klemedtsson, Leif, Kull, Ain, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, Lapshina, Elena D., Lohila, Annalea, Lõhmus, Krista, Maddison, Martin, Mitsch, William J., Müller, Christoph, Niinemets, Ülo, Osborne, Bruce, Pae, Taavi, Salm, Jüri Ott, Sgouridis, Fotis, Sohar, Kristina, Soosaar, Kaido, Storey, Kathryn, Teemusk, Alar, Tenywa, Moses M., Tournebize, Julien, Truu, Jaak, Veber, Gert, Villa, Jorge A., Zaw, Seint Sann, Mander, Ülo, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Pärn, Jaan, Verhoeven, Jos T.A., Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Dise, Nancy B., Ullah, Sami, Aasa, Anto, Egorov, Sergey, Espenberg, Mikk, Järveoja, Järvi, Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Kasak, Kuno, Klemedtsson, Leif, Kull, Ain, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, Lapshina, Elena D., Lohila, Annalea, Lõhmus, Krista, Maddison, Martin, Mitsch, William J., Müller, Christoph, Niinemets, Ülo, Osborne, Bruce, Pae, Taavi, Salm, Jüri Ott, Sgouridis, Fotis, Sohar, Kristina, Soosaar, Kaido, Storey, Kathryn, Teemusk, Alar, Tenywa, Moses M., Tournebize, Julien, Truu, Jaak, Veber, Gert, Villa, Jorge A., Zaw, Seint Sann, and Mander, Ülo

Published
2018

36. European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern

Author

Menzel, Annette, Sparks, Tim H., Estrella, Nicole, Koch, Elisabeth, Aasa, Anto, Ahas, Rein, Alm-Kubler, Kerstin, Bissolli, Peter, Braslavska, Ol'ga, Briede, Agrita, Chmielewski, Frank M., Crepinsek, Zalika, Curnel, Yannick, Dahl, Aslog, Defila, Claudio, Donnelly, Alison, Filella, Yolanda, Jatczak, Katarzyna, Mage, Finn, Mestre, Antonio, Nordli, Oyvind, Penuelas, Josep, Pirinen, Pentti, Remisova, Viera, Scheifinger, Helfried, Striz, Martin, Susnik, Andreja, Van Viet, Arnold J. H., Wielgolaski, Frans-Emil, Zach, Susanne, Zust, Ana, Menzel, Annette, Sparks, Tim H., Estrella, Nicole, Koch, Elisabeth, Aasa, Anto, Ahas, Rein, Alm-Kubler, Kerstin, Bissolli, Peter, Braslavska, Ol'ga, Briede, Agrita, Chmielewski, Frank M., Crepinsek, Zalika, Curnel, Yannick, Dahl, Aslog, Defila, Claudio, Donnelly, Alison, Filella, Yolanda, Jatczak, Katarzyna, Mage, Finn, Mestre, Antonio, Nordli, Oyvind, Penuelas, Josep, Pirinen, Pentti, Remisova, Viera, Scheifinger, Helfried, Striz, Martin, Susnik, Andreja, Van Viet, Arnold J. H., Wielgolaski, Frans-Emil, Zach, Susanne, and Zust, Ana

Abstract

Global climate change impacts can already be tracked in many physical and biological systems; in particular, terrestrial ecosystems provide a consistent picture of observed changes. One of the preferred indicators is phenology, the science of natural recurring events, as their recorded dates provide a high-temporal resolution of ongoing changes. Thus, numerous analyses have demonstrated an earlier onset of spring events for mid and higher latitudes and a lengthening of the growing season. However, published single-site or single-species studies are particularly open to suspicion of being biased towards predominantly reporting climate change-induced impacts. No comprehensive study or meta-analysis has so far examined the possible lack of evidence for changes or shifts at sites where no temperature change is observed. We used an enormous systematic phenological network data set of more than 125 000 observational series of 542 plant and 19 animal species in 21 European countries (1971–2000). Our results showed that 78% of all leafing, flowering and fruiting records advanced (30% significantly) and only 3% were significantly delayed, whereas the signal of leaf colouring/fall is ambiguous. We conclude that previously published results of phenological changes were not biased by reporting or publication predisposition: the average advance of spring/summer was 2.5 days decade1 in Europe. Our analysis of 254 mean national time series undoubtedly demonstrates that species' phenology is responsive to temperature of the preceding months (mean advance of spring/summer by 2.5 days°C1, delay of leaf colouring and fall by 1.0 day°C1). The pattern of observed change in spring efficiently matches measured national warming across 19 European countries (correlation coefficient r=−0.69, P<0.001).

Published
2006

39. European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern

Author

MENZEL, ANNETTE, primary, SPARKS, TIM H., additional, ESTRELLA, NICOLE, additional, KOCH, ELISABETH, additional, AASA, ANTO, additional, AHAS, REIN, additional, ALM-KÜBLER, KERSTIN, additional, BISSOLLI, PETER, additional, BRASLAVSKÁ, OL'GA, additional, BRIEDE, AGRITA, additional, CHMIELEWSKI, FRANK M., additional, CREPINSEK, ZALIKA, additional, CURNEL, YANNICK, additional, DAHL, ÅSLÖG, additional, DEFILA, CLAUDIO, additional, DONNELLY, ALISON, additional, FILELLA, YOLANDA, additional, JATCZAK, KATARZYNA, additional, MÅGE, FINN, additional, MESTRE, ANTONIO, additional, NORDLI, ØYVIND, additional, PEÑUELAS, JOSEP, additional, PIRINEN, PENTTI, additional, REMIŠOVÁ, VIERA, additional, SCHEIFINGER, HELFRIED, additional, STRIZ, MARTIN, additional, SUSNIK, ANDREJA, additional, VAN VLIET, ARNOLD J. H., additional, WIELGOLASKI, FRANS-EMIL, additional, ZACH, SUSANNE, additional, and ZUST, ANA, additional

Published
2006
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43. Climate-related Change in Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems.

Author

Bolle, H.-J., Menenti, M., Rasool, I., Author Team, The BACC, Smith, Benjamin, Aasa, Anto, Ahas, Rein, Blenckner, Thorsten, Callaghan, Terry V., Chazal, Jacqueline de, Humborg, Christoph, Jönsson, Anna Maria, Kellomäki, Seppo, Kull, Ain, Lehikoinen, Esa, Mander, Ülo, Nõges, Peeter, Rounsevell, Mark, Sofiev, Mikhail, and Tryjanowski, Piotr

Published
2008
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44. The Spatial Accuracy of Mobile Positioning: Some experiences with Geographical Studies in Estonia.

Author

Meng, Liqiu, Gartner, Georg, Cartwright, William, Peterson, Michael P., Ahas, Rein, Laineste, Jaak, Aasa, Anto, and Mark, Ülar

Abstract

This paper describes some aspects of mobile positioning accuracy when using mobile positioning data in geographical studies. The method used in Estonia is named the Social Positioning Method (SPM) and uses locations of mobile phones and the personal characteristics of phone owners for studying human behaviour. Positioning experiments conducted in Tallinn and Tartu since 2003 have shown that SPM data facilitates the successful analysis of the space-time behaviour of society. The calculations of theoretical positioning error based on 180 000 positioning measurements in the Estonian GSM network (CGI+TA positioning method) in 2004 showed that 61 percent of positioning points are accurate to within 1000 meters in urban areas and 53 percent are accurate to within 3000 meters in rural areas. Accuracy checks conducted using GPS showed that 52 percent of positioning points are accurate to within 400 meters in urban areas and 50 percent are accurate to within 2600 meters in rural areas. While some of the research findings are limited because of the low accuracy of the positioning data, many research directions, which use a smaller scale such as commuting and regional development studies are nevertheless very promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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45. Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots

Author

Pärn, Jaan, Verhoeven, Jos T. A., Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Dise, Nancy B., Ullah, Sami, Aasa, Anto, Egorov, Sergey, Espenberg, Mikk, Järveoja, Järvi, Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Kasak, Kuno, Klemedtsson, Leif, Kull, Ain, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, Lapshina, Elena D., Lohila, Annalea, Lõhmus, Krista, Maddison, Martin, Mitsch, William J., Müller, Christoph, Niinemets, Ülo, Osborne, Bruce, Pae, Taavi, Salm, Jüri-Ott, Sgouridis, Fotis, Sohar, Kristina, Soosaar, Kaido, Storey, Kathryn, Teemusk, Alar, Tenywa, Moses M., Tournebize, Julien, Truu, Jaak, Veber, Gert, Villa, Jorge A., Zaw, Seint Sann, and Mander, Ülo

Subjects
13. Climate action, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water

Catalog

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